农民专业合作社的认识和看法

农民专业合作社的认识和看法 《农民专业合作社法》自2007年7月1日颁布实施至今已有6年～新疆农民专业合作社在此期间得到了迅速发展,无论是规模、人数～还是在为农民提供各种生产服务、帮助农民增收等方面都发挥了积极的作用。通过专家对农民合作社的认识讲解。今天又用了一天的时间深入师市各团场～石河子、玛纳斯县、呼图壁县共计8个农民专业合作社实地参观学习～面对面地听取他们的真实想法～并将一0二团对农民专业合作社的认识和看法进行梳理总结。 今天～我深入师市各团场和昌吉州～围绕农民专业合作社发展情况～与连队,乡村,干部、专业合作社负责人、企业老板及合作社社员深入交谈～面对面地听取他们的真实想法～并将个人对农民专业合作社的认识和看法进行梳理总结。 一、发展现状 1.1合作社总体规模不断扩大～辐射带动能力日益增强 农民专业合作社发展正处于扩量阶段～每年不仅数量上迅猛增长～同时也形成了多行业、多领域、多层次分布的格局。随着农业产业结构的不断调整～农民专业合作社从以粮油生产种植为主～逐步发展为以培育发展酿酒葡萄、设施农业、牛养养殖、经果林和中药材种植为主的特色主导产业～越来越多的土地告别了传统种植～特色优势产业已经成为农民增收的主渠道。 1.2合作领域不断拓展～合作层次有所提升 农民专业合作社主要分布在市场化程度较高的种植和养殖业～具spacing of 100mm. C, line line line nearby. D, spare wire unified terminal strip Terminal (terminal strip at the top of the vertical, horizontal terminal strip from the harness to Terminal Pai end at the beginning), length to ensure as far as Terminal and set aside. After e, form a wire harness, cable, line. When the line should be in the core wire for better identification and marking on the cards will be prepared in advance, alternate core core content for the cable numbering. F, finish line, according to the corresponding terminal locations, wire one by one from the bunch out, pulling line, should be kept parallel to each other and more. Core dark as possible, determined in accordance with specific conditions, it is required that: neat, beautiful, shapely, pleasing to the eye. 7.6.2 wiring technology, out of the core wire according to Terminal position, cut off the excess, with wire stripping pliers or electrician knife stripped of insulation, so that connection. Stripping should not damage the copper core. B, core wire on the oxide and chip-insulated electricians knife scrape. C, core processing has been completed, thread round long nose pliers in a clockwise direction. Circle with the screw in the direction of spin in the same direction, circle should be appropriate, it is best to slightly larger than the screws, bent round the circle and the length of root and appropriate so set screw is screwed on tight. D, when on the crimp-type terminals when wiring, threads do not have to bend. Insulating part should be careful not to press it into a Terminal, and make the loop doesn't make sense and to prevent bad head crimping, fell down, causing an open circuit. After wiring, may be tried. E, crimping Terminal crimping, wire and Terminal contact is good, solid, not subject to mechanical strain, and ensure the insulation level. F, cables, such as when there is a bare copper ground wire, bare copper wire with a plastic pipe should be set. G, when wiring wiring must be in radians. H, terminal screws 有一定的行业偏好～产业领域相对集中。种植业主要集中在蔬菜、瓜果等特色种植领域～小麦、玉米等大宗农作物领域分布较少。而目前越来越多的农民专业合作社从单一的产前、产中等生产领域合作向流通、加工、品牌等经营合作领域拓展。但是农民专业合作社中具有加工、仓储和运销性质的合作社仍然欠缺～而精深加工、流通领域发展落后～产业链条短。二、三产业的滞后使当地的农产品只能以生产原料的角色出现在市场上～而缺乏高附加值的下游产品的生产、开发能力,使得当地资源的获利能力打了折扣。 1.3办社主体多元化～合作形式多样化 大多数农民专业合作社以“龙头企业，专业合作组织，农户”、“农村经纪人+合作社”的模式进行运作～按照统一品牌、统一 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 、统一质量的要求进行生产～不断发展农产品精深加工 、储藏 ～提高产品附加值～抵御市场风险。 通过规模化经营提升产品的影响力、竞争力～为提高农民进入市场的组织化程度、促进农民持续增收做出了积极贡献。 1.4农民专业合作社积极建章立制～在 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 上逐渐向 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 化靠拢 加强专业合作组织的建设和管理～建立规范的运行机制～关系到农民专业合作经济组织的生存和发展。各地合作社发展的经验表明～在抓发展的同时～要从建章立制入手～注重管理机制、利益分配机制、监督机制的建立。经过注册登记的合作社在成员构成、 章程 公司章程范本下载项目章程下载公司章程下载公司章程下载公司章程下载 、组织机构和出资等方面都有规范的要求～通过制定规范性文件、建立章程和制度～合作机制不断规范～内部管理逐步趋于科学化、规范化。 spacing of 100mm. C, line line line nearby. D, spare wire unified terminal strip Terminal (terminal strip at the top of the vertical, horizontal terminal strip from the harness to Terminal Pai end at the beginning), length to ensure as far as Terminal and set aside. After e, form a wire harness, cable, line. When the line should be in the core wire for better identification and marking on the cards will be prepared in advance, alternate core core content for the cable numbering. F, finish line, according to the corresponding terminal locations, wire one by one from the bunch out, pulling line, should be kept parallel to each other and more. Core dark as possible, determined in accordance with specific conditions, it is required that: neat, beautiful, shapely, pleasing to the eye. 7.6.2 wiring technology, out of the core wire according to Terminal position, cut off the excess, with wire stripping pliers or electrician knife stripped of insulation, so that connection. Stripping should not damage the copper core. B, core wire on the oxide and chip-insulated electricians knife scrape. C, core processing has been completed, thread round long nose pliers in a clockwise direction. Circle with the screw in the direction of spin in the same direction, circle should be appropriate, it is best to slightly larger than the screws, bent round the circle and the length of root and appropriate so set screw is screwed on tight. D, when on the crimp-type terminals when wiring, threads do not have to bend. Insulating part should be careful not to press it into a Terminal, and make the loop doesn't make sense and to prevent bad head crimping, fell down, causing an open circuit. After wiring, may be tried. E, crimping Terminal crimping, wire and Terminal contact is good, solid, not subject to mechanical strain, and ensure the insulation level. F, cables, such as when there is a bare copper ground wire, bare copper wire with a plastic pipe should be set. G, when wiring wiring must be in radians. H, terminal screws 二、存在的问题 2.1农民自身的认识、能力和信心影响到农民合作社的建设 目前大多数农民参与意识较弱～还没有充分认识到农业经济组织的重要性。主要表现:一是小农意识严重～农村中懂经营、会管理的能人都各自为政～阻碍了合作组织的壮大～没有为农民服务的积极性,二是农民对合作组织缺乏信任感。在是否参加合作组织上～农民会根据自己的利益需求进行权衡。在当前的政策和社会环境下～很多选择参加合作组织的农民在短期内还没有取得明显的收益～却要付出成本～承担风险～造成的必然结果是其他农民不愿意加入合作组织。农民对合作组织的认识还停留在合作化的层面上～因此对农民专业合作组织持消极态度。在部分偏僻农村地区～由于农民文化水平偏低～接受信息较慢～再加上对合作组织的典型宣传不到位～国家的政策、市场的信息～甚至是一些免费的农业技术推广项目～农民接受时十分困难。还有一些农民合作组织在建立时存在着“拉郎配”现象～缺乏吸引力和凝聚力～有的仅仅只有一块牌子～社员与协会之间的连接关系松散～没有真正形成“风险共担、利益共享”的合作伙伴关系～导致合作组织改组、解体过于频繁。 2.2农民专业合作社的建设还缺乏有力的政策支持 国家在农业保险、产业优惠、农村金融、良种补贴等政策支持是农民专业合作组织建设的必要条件。近年来～国家在支持农民专业合作组织方面也做出了多项支持政策～例如免征增值税、适当减免所得税～鼓励银行和金融机构向农民专业合作社提供贷款～诸如降低贷款spacing of 100mm. C, line line line nearby. D, spare wire unified terminal strip Terminal (terminal strip at the top of the vertical, horizontal terminal strip from the harness to Terminal Pai end at the beginning), length to ensure as far as Terminal and set aside. After e, form a wire harness, cable, line. When the line should be in the core wire for better identification and marking on the cards will be prepared in advance, alternate core core content for the cable numbering. F, finish line, according to the corresponding terminal locations, wire one by one from the bunch out, pulling line, should be kept parallel to each other and more. Core dark as possible, determined in accordance with specific conditions, it is required that: neat, beautiful, shapely, pleasing to the eye. 7.6.2 wiring technology, out of the core wire according to Terminal position, cut off the excess, with wire stripping pliers or electrician knife stripped of insulation, so that connection. Stripping should not damage the copper core. B, core wire on the oxide and chip-insulated electricians knife scrape. C, core processing has been completed, thread round long nose pliers in a clockwise direction. Circle with the screw in the direction of spin in the same direction, circle should be appropriate, it is best to slightly larger than the screws, bent round the circle and the length of root and appropriate so set screw is screwed on tight. D, when on the crimp-type terminals when wiring, threads do not have to bend. Insulating part should be careful not to press it into a Terminal, and make the loop doesn't make sense and to prevent bad head crimping, fell down, causing an open circuit. After wiring, may be tried. E, crimping Terminal crimping, wire and Terminal contact is good, solid, not subject to mechanical strain, and ensure the insulation level. F, cables, such as when there is a bare copper ground wire, bare copper wire with a plastic pipe should be set. G, when wiring wiring must be in radians. H, terminal screws 门槛、简化贷款手续等～加大财政对优势特色产业、现代农业、设施农业的投资力度等等。但各种相关扶持政策落实不到位、扶持政策难以落实以及在项目、信贷、税收、科技投入等支持合作社发展的扶持力度不够等问题还比较严重。 2.3农民专业合作社的利益机制和组织 管理制度 档案管理制度下载食品安全管理制度下载三类维修管理制度下载财务管理制度免费下载安全设施管理制度下载 尚不健全 2007 年 7 月 1 日开始实施的《农民专业合作社法》为农村专业合作社建立提供了法律保障。但由于各地均没有建立起规范的可以推广示范的合作组织模式～其核心问题是利益机制和组织管理制度没有形成。诸如内部决策程序与运行成本的确定、超额收益如何返还、法人代表的行为如何监督等制度。根据在昌吉地区农民专业合作社情况调查～大部分农民专业合作社都是在原有大户的基础上建立起来的～其内部运行和决策基本上是以法人代表的意志为主～其利益分配也以社员的投资为大头～公共分配占少部分。目前由于农户的认识水平和能量有限～只要农业合作社能为农户带来比原来高的收入～农户就愿意加入合作社～对目前合作社存在的利益机制和管理制度等方面的问题～还没有深刻的认识。 2.4品牌意识淡薄～产业链延续性差 在树立产品特色、品牌、质量安全、销售等方面很多合作社不注重品牌建设～借助地域性品牌进行销售～这样既不利于自身的发展～也不利于地域性品牌的建设。有时形成恶性竞争、发展受阻～甚至恶性循环～最终还可能导致地域品牌消失。同时～在现有的经济实力和技术条件下～销售的农产品大多是收获后经过简单的分检、筛选、粉spacing of 100mm. C, line line line nearby. D, spare wire unified terminal strip Terminal (terminal strip at the top of the vertical, horizontal terminal strip from the harness to Terminal Pai end at the beginning), length to ensure as far as Terminal and set aside. After e, form a wire harness, cable, line. When the line should be in the core wire for better identification and marking on the cards will be prepared in advance, alternate core core content for the cable numbering. F, finish line, according to the corresponding terminal locations, wire one by one from the bunch out, pulling line, should be kept parallel to each other and more. Core dark as possible, determined in accordance with specific conditions, it is required that: neat, beautiful, shapely, pleasing to the eye. 7.6.2 wiring technology, out of the core wire according to Terminal position, cut off the excess, with wire stripping pliers or electrician knife stripped of insulation, so that connection. Stripping should not damage the copper core. B, core wire on the oxide and chip-insulated electricians knife scrape. C, core processing has been completed, thread round long nose pliers in a clockwise direction. Circle with the screw in the direction of spin in the same direction, circle should be appropriate, it is best to slightly larger than the screws, bent round the circle and the length of root and appropriate so set screw is screwed on tight. D, when on the crimp-type terminals when wiring, threads do not have to bend. Insulating part should be careful not to press it into a Terminal, and make the loop doesn't make sense and to prevent bad head crimping, fell down, causing an open circuit. After wiring, may be tried. E, crimping Terminal crimping, wire and Terminal contact is good, solid, not subject to mechanical strain, and ensure the insulation level. F, cables, such as when there is a bare copper ground wire, bare copper wire with a plastic pipe should be set. G, when wiring wiring must be in radians. H, terminal screws 碎或者腌制等简单加工及协调库储存～收益的好坏波动大～造成合作社发展缓慢。 三、发展的对策建议 3.1加大对合作社的宣传和教育～提高农民认识水平和合作意识 合作经济组织的发展有其特殊性～只有广大农民和社会各界充分认识到合作经济在市场经济中对农民所特有的功能后～才能让大家树立起合作的意识～充分调动各方力量为合作经济的健康发展提供良好的环境。因此～相关政府主管部门应通过与新闻媒体等机构的联系协作～采用农民喜闻乐见的形式～如举办讲座、鼓励合作社自办内部刊物、印刷宣传手册等活动～消除农民对合作社的认识偏差和种种误解～树立新型合作观念。具有合作意识、创新意识、科技意识的新型农民多起来了～就会对传统农民形成一种示范带动作用～逐步为新型农民专业合作社的发展创造良好的社会氛围～激发农民创立和参与合作社的主动性与自觉性。 3.2落实完善各项扶持政策 3.2.1 财政、信贷扶持政策。加强农村信用社等金融机构对农民专业合作社的信贷支持～进一步改善信贷服务～减少审批手续,建立农民专业合作社信贷资金担保体系～通过合作社社员出一点、县财政补一点、向上级争取一点、企业拿一点的融资方式～筹集信贷担保基金～解决合作社和社员信贷融资难的问题。 3.2.2 税收优惠政策。新型农民专业合作组织的主要经营目的是为农民提供专业服务～政府应尽可能减轻其税赋水平～因此应进一步spacing of 100mm. C, line line line nearby. D, spare wire unified terminal strip Terminal (terminal strip at the top of the vertical, horizontal terminal strip from the harness to Terminal Pai end at the beginning), length to ensure as far as Terminal and set aside. After e, form a wire harness, cable, line. When the line should be in the core wire for better identification and marking on the cards will be prepared in advance, alternate core core content for the cable numbering. F, finish line, according to the corresponding terminal locations, wire one by one from the bunch out, pulling line, should be kept parallel to each other and more. Core dark as possible, determined in accordance with specific conditions, it is required that: neat, beautiful, shapely, pleasing to the eye. 7.6.2 wiring technology, out of the core wire according to Terminal position, cut off the excess, with wire stripping pliers or electrician knife stripped of insulation, so that connection. Stripping should not damage the copper core. B, core wire on the oxide and chip-insulated electricians knife scrape. C, core processing has been completed, thread round long nose pliers in a clockwise direction. Circle with the screw in the direction of spin in the same direction, circle should be appropriate, it is best to slightly larger than the screws, bent round the circle and the length of root and appropriate so set screw is screwed on tight. D, when on the crimp-type terminals when wiring, threads do not have to bend. Insulating part should be careful not to press it into a Terminal, and make the loop doesn't make sense and to prevent bad head crimping, fell down, causing an open circuit. After wiring, may be tried. E, crimping Terminal crimping, wire and Terminal contact is good, solid, not subject to mechanical strain, and ensure the insulation level. F, cables, such as when there is a bare copper ground wire, bare copper wire with a plastic pipe should be set. G, when wiring wiring must be in radians. H, terminal screws 明确对合作社涉及的所得税、营业税、增值税等税项免、减、退的相关规定和政策。 3.2.3 工商登记优惠政策。工商部门应按照国家有关法律、法规、条例规定～简化登记和办理程序～不收取登记费用～及时给予注册登记。 3.2.4 人才支持政策。对受聘农民专业合作社或离岗参加农民专业合作社的在职农技人员～可保留原身份～允许其按贡献大小取得相应报酬。到农民专业合作社工作的大中专毕业生～其工作实绩可作为评聘相应职称的依据。 3.2.5项目支持优惠政策。把农民专业合作社纳入标准化生产、农业产业化经营、农业技术开发和推广、农产品市场营销、科技入户等农业项目的申报实施主体～优先安排有关项目,争取资金支持。 3.3加强内部管理～完善经营管理机制 通过完善合作组织的内部管理～保护社员的各项权益,才能对社员具有吸引力和凝聚力～才能有效利用现有资源～提高合作组织的经营效益～实现其可持续发展。因此～应当考虑合作组织的生产经营特点～由全体成员讨论决定和制定组织章程～建立完善的经营管理制度～包括民主管理制度、财务管理制度、收益分配制度和监督检查制度等。内部管理制度的建设应充分体现合作社全体成员的利益～让合作社成员们感到为合作社做事就是为自己做事～感受到合作社的作用～增加合作社对成员的吸引力～扭转普通社员被边缘化的状况。 3.4强化服务体系建设～促进合作社快速发展 spacing of 100mm. C, line line line nearby. D, spare wire unified terminal strip Terminal (terminal strip at the top of the vertical, horizontal terminal strip from the harness to Terminal Pai end at the beginning), length to ensure as far as Terminal and set aside. After e, form a wire harness, cable, line. When the line should be in the core wire for better identification and marking on the cards will be prepared in advance, alternate core core content for the cable numbering. F, finish line, according to the corresponding terminal locations, wire one by one from the bunch out, pulling line, should be kept parallel to each other and more. Core dark as possible, determined in accordance with specific conditions, it is required that: neat, beautiful, shapely, pleasing to the eye. 7.6.2 wiring technology, out of the core wire according to Terminal position, cut off the excess, with wire stripping pliers or electrician knife stripped of insulation, so that connection. Stripping should not damage the copper core. B, core wire on the oxide and chip-insulated electricians knife scrape. C, core processing has been completed, thread round long nose pliers in a clockwise direction. Circle with the screw in the direction of spin in the same direction, circle should be appropriate, it is best to slightly larger than the screws, bent round the circle and the length of root and appropriate so set screw is screwed on tight. D, when on the crimp-type terminals when wiring, threads do not have to bend. Insulating part should be careful not to press it into a Terminal, and make the loop doesn't make sense and to prevent bad head crimping, fell down, causing an open circuit. After wiring, may be tried. E, crimping Terminal crimping, wire and Terminal contact is good, solid, not subject to mechanical strain, and ensure the insulation level. F, cables, such as when there is a bare copper ground wire, bare copper wire with a plastic pipe should be set. G, when wiring wiring must be in radians. H, terminal screws 一是要主动为合作社提供公共政策咨询～提供农资、农产品的价格信息、市场供求信息、科技信息等方面的服务,二是要建立起各级、各类农民专业合作社网页平台～搭建公共服务信息和网络营销平台,三是要加快完善农产品质量标准～加大对农产品、畜产品、水产品的质量监督、检测的力度,提高农产品的安全性～增强它们参与市场竞争的能力,四是要积极举办各种农产品展销会、洽谈会、产品发布会和知名品牌评选等活动～为合作社开拓市场创造条件,五是政府及相关部门可以组织专家和学者到农民专业合作社提供免费服务～也可以组织农民专业合作社的成员到大专院校、科研院所学习～不断帮助和引导农民专业合作社提高经营管理水平。 3.5以优势特色品牌为依托～提升产业链 充分发挥资源优势～增强农产品市场竞争能力。利用内陆口岸的优势～利用原有产业、品牌知名度～加大产品的深加工～提高产品的附加值～力争使内销、外销的产品逐步从产业链的低端向终端转变。实现增收方式由产品数量型向市场经营型、质量效益型、精深加工型、绿色环保型转变～同时借鉴寿光经验～形成市场牵龙头、龙头带基地、基地连农户～集种养加工、生产加销售、贸工农于一体的产业化经营发展格局。 一0二团 spacing of 100mm. C, line line line nearby. D, spare wire unified terminal strip Terminal (terminal strip at the top of the vertical, horizontal terminal strip from the harness to Terminal Pai end at the beginning), length to ensure as far as Terminal and set aside. After e, form a wire harness, cable, line. When the line should be in the core wire for better identification and marking on the cards will be prepared in advance, alternate core core content for the cable numbering. F, finish line, according to the corresponding terminal locations, wire one by one from the bunch out, pulling line, should be kept parallel to each other and more. Core dark as possible, determined in accordance with specific conditions, it is required that: neat, beautiful, shapely, pleasing to the eye. 7.6.2 wiring technology, out of the core wire according to Terminal position, cut off the excess, with wire stripping pliers or electrician knife stripped of insulation, so that connection. Stripping should not damage the copper core. B, core wire on the oxide and chip-insulated electricians knife scrape. C, core processing has been completed, thread round long nose pliers in a clockwise direction. Circle with the screw in the direction of spin in the same direction, circle should be appropriate, it is best to slightly larger than the screws, bent round the circle and the length of root and appropriate so set screw is screwed on tight. D, when on the crimp-type terminals when wiring, threads do not have to bend. Insulating part should be careful not to press it into a Terminal, and make the loop doesn't make sense and to prevent bad head crimping, fell down, causing an open circuit. After wiring, may be tried. E, crimping Terminal crimping, wire and Terminal contact is good, solid, not subject to mechanical strain, and ensure the insulation level. F, cables, such as when there is a bare copper ground wire, bare copper wire with a plastic pipe should be set. G, when wiring wiring must be in radians. H, terminal screws