环境管理体系认证

环境管理体系认证 ISO14000 ISO14000 Environmental Management System Certification ISO14001 加入时间：2007-7-28 16:38:45 点击：1195 ISO14001 Joining time : 2007-7-28 16:38:45 Click: 1195 ISO14000产生的背景 Procreant background of ISO14000 我们知道ISO9000是为产品或服务的质量把关，那么ISO14000是在什么样的背景下产生的呢？ We know that ISO9000 is to control a product or service quality, Consequently, what background generates the ISO4000? 随着社会、经济的不断发展，人口的不断增加，越来越多的环境问题摆在了我们面前：温室效 应加剧、酸雨不断蔓延、臭氧空洞的出现、水体不断遭到严重污染、土地大量荒漠化、草原退化、 森林锐减、许多珍稀野生动植物濒临灭绝……这一系列的环境问题中，可以说有大部分是由于人 为对自然的破坏造成的。这些问题已经危及到了我们人类社会的健康生存和可持续发展，面对如 此严重的形势，人类开始考虑采取一种行之有效的办法来约束自己的行为，使各种各样的组织重 视自己的环境行为和环境形象；并希望以一套比较系统、完善的管理 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 来 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 人类自身的环境 活动，以求达到改善生存环境的目的。 With the social, economic and continuous development and population increase, more and more environmental problems are placed before us: Exacerbate the greenhouse effect, the spread of acid rain ,the emergence of the ozone hole, water constantly and seriously polluted, a lot of land desertification, grassland degradation, loss of forests, many rare and endangered wild animals and plants…………,In this series of environmental issues, it can be said that a majority of results was due to destruction of nature caused by human. These problems have endangered the health of human society of our survival and sustainable development .In the face of such a serious situation, humans began to consider adopting an effective way to restrain their behavior in order to make a wide range of organizations focus on their environmental behavior and environmental image; and hope to set a more systematic, perfect management methods to regulate their environmental activities in order to achieve the purpose of improving the living environment 首先开始酝酿制定这样一套比较系统、完善的管理方法的是ISO（国际 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 化组织）。ISO 是世界上最大的非政府性国际标准化机构，它成立于1947年2月，主要从事各行业国际标准的制 定，从而促进世界范围内各国贸易的友好往来以及文化、科学、技术和经济领域内的合作。ISO自成立以来，已经制定并颁发了许多国际标准，其下设若干个技术委员会，其中第176技术委员会（TC176）在1987年成功地制定和颁布了ISO9000质量管理体系系列标准，对改善企业的质 量管理模式起到了很大的作用，在世界范围内引起了很大的凡响。 Above all, beginning to develop a more systematic, perfect management methods is the ISO (International Organization for Standardization). ISO is the world's largest non-governmental International Organization for Standardization.It was founded in February 1947, which is mainly engaged in the formulation of international standards for various industries, thereby contributing to friend exchanges of the countries of the world trade as well as cultural, scientific, technical and economic cooperation in the field of world. Since ISO come into existence, it has been developed and presented a number of international standards, which consists of a number of technical committees, including the 176 Technical Committee (TC176) in 1987 successfully developing and promulgating a series of ISO9000 quality management system standards,. So it has played a significant role in improving the business quality management model ,which caused a great signification in world. 进入90年代以后，环境问题变得越来越严峻，ISO对此作了非常积极的反应。1993年6月，ISO成立了第207技术委员会（TC207），专门负责环境管理工作，主要工作目的就是要支持环 境保护工作，改善并维持生态环境的质量，减少人类各项活动所造成的环境污染，使之与社会经 济发展达到平衡，促进经济的持续发展。其职责是在理解和制定管理工具和体系方面的国际标准 和服务上为全球提供一个先导，主要工作范围就是环境管理体系（EMS）的标准化。为此，ISO中央秘书处为TC207预留了100个标准号，标准标号为ISO14001-14100，统称为ISO14000系列标准。 After entering the 90 years, environmental problems become more and more severe. ISO have made a very positive response to the matter. In June 1993, ISO established Technical Committee 207(TC207) ,which is responsible for environmental management. The objective of Its job is to support environmental protection, improve and maintain the ecological quality of the environment, reduce environmental pollution caused by human activities in order to balance with social and economic development and promote sustained economic development. Its duties are to provide a global leader under understanding and developing management tools and systems of international standards and services ,and the main scope of its work is the Environmental Management System (EMS) standardization. So ISO Central Secretariat set aside for the TC207 standard to preparatively remain the mumber of 100 standards,. The mumber of the standard is ISO14001-14100.Its general name is ISO14000 series of standards 此后，一个全新的概念：环境管理体系（EMS）产生了。环境管理体系是一个组织的整个管 理体系当中的一个组成部分，包括为制定、实施、实现、评审和保持环境方针所需的组织结构、 计划活动、职责、惯例、程序、过程和资源。 Since then, a new concept: Environmental Management System (EMS) was generated. Environmental management system is a integral part of entire management system from organization, including the required organizational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources of the formulation, implementation, realization, review and maintenance of the environmental policy 环境管理体系这个概念产生以后，经过了3年的发展与完善，达到了可以用标准来衡量的程度。 于是ISO考虑将其标准化，于1996年9月出台了两个国际标准??ISO14001和ISO14004标准，这是环境管理体系标准化发展史上的一个非常重要的里程碑。 After the concept of environmental management system was produced, through development and perfection of three years, it can use the standard to achieve the extent of measure. So ISO would have considered making it be standardization. In September 1996, two international standards was introduced. ISO14001and ISO14004 standards was a very important milestone in the standardization of environmental management system development from the history. ISO14000目前已经颁布了将近10个独立的标准。许多观察家乐观地认为，ISO14000产生的影响要远大于ISO9000，ISO14000前景到底如何，全世界人们都在密切关注着它的发展动向。 ISO14000 has issued nearly 10 separate criteria . Many observers optimistically consider that the impact of ISO14000 is larger than that of ISO9000.What will the foreground of ISO14000 be? People around the world are closely watching its development trend. 实施ISO14001审核与认证的一般程序 The general procedure of implementing the ISO14001 audit and certification 环境管理体系认证程序大致上分为以下四个阶段： The certification process of environmental Management System would be divided into the following four stages 一、受理申请方的申请 一、the application of the received applicant 申请认证的组织首先要提出环境管理体系认证申请。认证机构接到申请方的正式申请书之后， 将对申请方的申请文件进行初步的审查，如果符合申请要求，与其签订管理体系审核/注册 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 ，确定受理其申请。 The organization of certification must firstly apply for certification of the environmental management system . After Certification Authority receives a formal application of applicant, the application documents of application side wii be preliminarily conducted a review. If requirements are complied with , the management system audit / registration contract will be underwrited and the admissibility and the application will be determined. 二、环境管理体系审核 二、Environmental Management System Audit 在整个认证过程中，对申请方的环境管理体系的审核是最关键的环节。认证机构正式受理申请 方的申请之后，迅速组成一个审核小组，并任命一个审核组长，审核组中至少有一名具有该审核 范围专业项目种类的专业审核人员或技术专家，协助审核组进行审核工作。审核工作大致分为3 步： Throughout the certification process, the environmental management system audit is the most critical tache to application side. Certification bodies formally accept the application of application side, a review committee will be quickly formed, and an audit team leader will be appointed. Audit team have least one professional audit staff or technical experts with item kind from the scope of the audit in order to assist the audit team to audit. Audits can be divided into three steps: 1.文件审核 对申请方提交的准备文件进行详细的审查，这是实施现场审核基础工作。申请方 需要编写好其环境管理体系文件，在审核过程中，若发现申请方的EMS手册不符合要求，则由其采取有效纠正措施直至符合要求。认证机构对这些文件进行认真审核之后，如果认为合格，就 准备进入现场审核阶段。 1.Document review the submission of the prepared documents from applicant is detailedly reviewed, which is the basic work-site audit. Applicant need to write a good environmental management system documents about it. In the review process, if it is found that the applicant side do not meet the requirements of the EMS Manual, effective corrective action is taked until it meets the requirements. After certification body carefully review these documents, if it is deemed as qualification, it will enter the on-site audit phase 2.现场审核 在完成对申请方的文件审查和预审基础上，审核组长要制定一个审核计划，告知 申请方并征求申请方的意见，申请方接到审核计划之后，如果对审核计划的某些条款或安排有不 同意见，立即通知审核组长或认证机构，并在现场审核前解决好这些问题。解决好这些问题之后， 审核组正式实施现场审核，主要目的就是通过对申请方进行现场实地考察，验证EMS手册、程序文件和作业指导书等一系列文件的实际执行情况，从而来评价该环境管理体系运行的有效性， 判别申请方建立的环境管理体系和ISO14001标准是否相符合。 2. Audit on-site the auditor leader shall formulate an audit plan to inform the applicant and seek the views of the applicant on the basis of the completion of the document review of the application side. After application side receives the audit plan, if he have different views about certain provisions or arrangement of the audit plan, the senior of auditor or certification body is immediately notified, and these problems are solved before the review on-site. After resolving these problems, audit team formally implement review on-site in order to be on-site inspection to the application side, validate EMS manual, procedures, operating instructions and other documents and the practical implementation of a series of documents. This result evaluates the effectiveness of the operation and differentiates the established environmental management system of application side and evaluates whether ISO14001 standards are consistent. 在实施现场审核过程中，审核小组每天都要进行内部讨论，由审核组长主持，全体审核员参加， 对本次审核的结构进行全面的评定，确定现场审核中发现的哪些不符合情况需写成不符合项报告 及其严重程度。 In the implementation of review process on-site, the audit team conduct an internal discussion chaired by the audit team leader, attended by all auditors every day. They roundly assess the structure of this audit to determine what non-compliances are required to write reports of non-compliances and their severity. 3.跟踪审核 申请方按照审核计划与认证机构商定时间纠正发现的不符合项，纠正措施完成之 后递交认证机构。认证机构收到材料后，组织原来的审核小组的成员对纠正措施的效果进行跟踪 审核。如果审核结果表明被审核方报来的材料详细确实，则可以进入注册阶段的工作。 3.Applicant tracking audit Application side in accordance with audit plan and the agreed time of certification body correct the identified non-conformity. After the corrective measures are completed, it are submitted the certification body. After certification body receive materials, members of the original audit team from the organization track and audit the effects of the corrected measures. If the audit results show that the submitted materials of the application side is detailed and real, the registration phase can be carried out. 三、报批并颁发证书 三、Approval and issuance of certificate 根据注册材料上报清单的要求，审核组长对上报材料进行整理并填写注册推荐上交认证机构进 行复审，如果合格，认证机构将发放证书，将该申请方列入获证目录，申请方可以通过各种媒介 来宣传，并可以在产品上加贴注册标识。 According to submitted demands of listing from the registered material ,the audit team leader conducts to trim and fill out , register and recommend materials to hand over certification bodies to review for submitted materials . If it is eligible, the certification body will issue the certificate and the applicant will be listed the certified directory. The applicant may propagandize through a variety of media, and can affix the registered mark on the product . 四、监督检查及复审、换证 四、Supervision and inspection and review, replacement 在证书有效期限内，认证机构对获证企业进行监督检查，以保证该环境管理体系符合ISO14001标准要求，并能够切实、有效地运行。证书有效期满后，或者企业的认证范围、模式、机构名称 等发生重大变化后，该认证机构受理企业的换证申请，以保证企业不断改进和完善其环境管理体 系。 In the term of validity of the certificate, the certification bodies conduct supervision and inspection for accredited enterprises to ensure that the environmental management system is in line with ISO14001 standards, and be able to effectively and efficiently run. After the valid term of the certificate expire, or the enterprise certification covers, models, agencies have major changes, the certification body deal with the application of the replacement for certificate in order to ensure that businesses continue to improve and refine its environmental management system. 如何获得ISO14001认证证书？ How to obtain ISO14001 certificate ? 企业（或其他组织）如果向要获得ISO14001证书，首先需要在咨询机构的帮助下，建立起环 境管理体系，在这个体系运行3个月之后，向第三方认证机构申请认证，认证机构按照公正、合 理、规范的原则，对其建立起的环境管理体系进行审核，如果合格，认证机构将发给证书，如果 不合格，认证机构将开出不符合项，企业进行纠正，然后企业进行跟踪审核，如果合格就颁发证 书。 If enterprise (or other organization) want to obtain ISO14001 certificate, it is important that environmental management system is set up under the help of an advisory body.. After this system runs three months, the certification is applied to the third-party certification body. Certification body in accordance with fair, reasonable, normative principles establish its environmental management system in order to audit. If it is eligible, the certification body will issue the certificate..If it is not qualified, the certification body will open a non-conformity ..Enterprises correct it , then companies track and audit. if 下面介绍一下具体步骤： it is qualified , the certificate is issued. The following introduce concrete steps 首先，向咨询机构作ISO14001方面的咨询。 Above all, the counseling of ISO14001 is from the advisory body 我国目前在北京、天津、浙江、山东、辽宁、江苏、福建、上海、四川、陕西、广东、山西等 省、市共有25家咨询机构。这些咨询机构能够帮助企业了解ISO14001标准知识、建立文件化的环境管理体系、运行环境管理体系。 China currently have a total of 25 advisory body in Beijing, Tianjin, Zhejiang, Shandong, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Fujian, Shanghai, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Guangdong and Shanxi provinces, municipalities . These advisory bodies can help enterprises understand knowledge of ISO14001 standard, establish documented environmental management system and run environment management system 当体系运行三个月之后向认证机构提出申请，企业申请认证必须具备的条件有两点： When the system runs three months later ,the application is advanced to the certification body, enterprises must possess the conditions for applying for certification, which are two points. 遵守国家及地方有关环境保护法规、标准及总量控制标准； To comply with state and local laws and regulations concerning environmental protection, local standards and local total control standards 已按ISO14001标准建立环境管理体系，并至少运行三个月以上。 According to ISO14001 standard , environmental management system has been established and it run at least more than three months. 目前，我国共有12家环境管理体系认证机构，企业在选择认证机构时可以综合考虑这几家认 证机构的认证水平、认证人员的业务能力、认证机构的信誉以及认证费用，然后选择合适的认证 机构。选定认证机构以后，按照认证机构的要求提出注册申请，认证机构组织审核员对企业进行 环境管理体系审核。 At present, there are a total of 12 environmental management system certification body in china. When company selects a certification body , accreditation levels ,operational capabilities of certification personnel , the credibility , costs of this several certification and then selects appropriate certification bodies. After selecting certification body, the advanced application for registration is in accordance bodies are comprehensively considered,with the requirements of certification body.. Auditors of certification organizations conduct to audit the environmental management system of company. 环境管理体系审核就是客观地获取审核证据并予以评价，以判断一个组织（或企业）的环境管 理体系是否符合环境管理体系审核准则的一个系统化并形成文件的验证过程。环境审核的主要步 骤分五步： Audit for environmental management system is an objective to obtain audit evidence and give an evaluation to determine whether environmental management system of an organization (or enterprise) is in compliance with systematism of audit criteria from environmental management system to form verification process of documentary.. Environmental audit can chiefly divided into five steps : 第一步：确定审核目的和审核范围：环境管理体系审核的目的在于对照环境管理体系审核准则 中的要求来判断以下几项事项：?衡量受审核方环境管理体系运行及符合情况；?确定其环境管理体系是否得到了妥善的实施和保持；?发现体系中可进一步改善的因素；?评价组织内部管理评审是否能够保证环境管理体系的持续有效和适用。 Step one: determine the scope of audit objectives and audit:: audit aims of environmental management system are in accordance with audit requirements of environmental management system to determine the following matters:?measure operation and compliance of environmental management system from the audited side ; ?determine that the environmental management system has been properly implemented and maintained;?discover that system factors can be further improved; ?evaluate whether internal management review from the organization can ensure the durative , validity and flexibility of environmental management system. 第二步：确定审核准则：?衡量环境管理体系是否完善；?环境管理体系的活动是否正确；?实施情况是否良好；?体系是否充分适合于组织的环境方针和目标。 Step two: determine the auditing criteria: ?measure whether environmental management system is perfect; ? are activities of environmental management system correct? ? Is the implementation good? ?Is system fully appropriate for the organization's environmental policy and objectives? 第三步：收集信息并做出分析，以提供审核证据 Step three: gather information and make analysis to provide audit evidence 第四步：判断审核证据是否符合审核准则（注意证据与结论有可能受时间、资源的限制而有局限性和不确定性） Step four: determine whether audit evidence is in compliance with the auditing criteria (Note that the evidence and conclusions may be restricted by time and resource, so limitations and uncertainties appear) 第五步：提交审核报告，做出结论 Step five: Submit audit reports, and make conclusions 颁发证书之后，表明企业已经按照ISO14000标准建立起了环境管理体系，证书的有效期为3年，在3年内，认证机构还要对企业进行监督审核，以确保企业有效实施已经建立起来的环境管 理体系。3年期满之后，如果企业想继续获得证书，需要进行复审换证。 After the issuance of the certificate, this indicate that enterprise in accordance with ISO14000 standard has been established environmental management system. The certificate is valid for 3 years.. In three years, the certification body should supervise and audit the enterprise to ensure that enterprise has already set up the effective implementation of environmental management system.. After the expiry of three years, if company want to continue to receive the certificate, it need review replacement. ISO14000认证有什么好处？ What are the benefits of ISO14000 certification? 总体上说，实施ISO14001有两大好处： Generally speaking, there are two advantages of the implementation of ISO14001 1.促进国际贸易 1. Promote international trade 从促进贸易的角度来看，ISO14000是一个具有灵活性的环境管理体系标准。它除了要求企业 在其环境方针中对遵守有关法律、法规和持续改进做出承诺外，并不规定环境绩效的绝对要求， 因此两个从事类似活动但具有不同环境绩效的企业，可能都达到ISO14000的要求。同时，ISO14000强调根据本国本地区的环境状况，符合本国本地区而非出口市场所在国的环保法律法 规。这就体现了贸易的对等原则，有助于消除技术性贸易壁垒。 From the perspective of trade promotion, ISO14000 is a flexible environmental management system standards.. Besides urging businesses to make a commitment against the relevant laws, regulations, and continuous improvement from environmental policy, it does not prescribe the absolute requirements of environmental performance.. Therefore, both enterprises engaged in similar activities but with different environmental performance may have reached the requirements of ISO14000.. At the same time, ISO14000 stressed that environmental laws and regulations is consistent with homeland and this region rather than nation for export markets, which based on their own state of the environment.. This embodies the principle of reciprocity in trade, which is helpful to eliminate technical barriers to trade. 2.提高企业管理水平、增强企业竞争力 2. Improve enterprise management level, and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises a.对企业组织的好处 a.The benefits for enterprise organization 增强环境管理意识?企业管理层和员工的承诺和支持； Strengthen awareness of environmental management ? corporate management and staff commitment and support 改善企业形象?所有的人都喜欢你； Improve the corporate image ? all people like you 与当地社区搞好关系?不再由于不必要的摩擦而分散精力； Good relations with local communities ? no distraction energy because of unnecessary friction 更容易招募员工?清洁的环境吸引高素质的人员加盟； It is easier to recruit staff ? a clean environment to attract highly qualified personnel to join 减少法律诉讼的风险?减少消费者和政府部门的法律行动，环境审核帮助发现和预计问题所 在，采取纠正措施解决问题； Reduce the risk of legal proceedings ? reduce the legal action of consumer and government departments.. Environmental audit is helpful to find and predict problems and take corrective measures to solve the problem; 降低保险费用?降低发生事故的风险； Reduce insurance costs ? reduce the risk of an accident 更容易取得财政支持?银行借助环境管理体系对企业有关项目的环境影响进行评估。 It is easier to obtain financial support ? bank who is based on environmental management system assesses the environmental impact of the related project from enterprises b.对企业经营的好处 b. the benefits for business 减少清洁工作的费用?废物和污染物排放的减少； reduce the cost of cleaning ?reduction of waste and pollutants emission 发生灾难性事故的风险减少?在环境管理体系中对环境风险进行明确和预防； Reduce the risk of catastrophic accidents ? in environmental management systems risks of t environment are confirmed and prevented 提高技术水平?工艺和过程的革新； Improve the technical level ?innovation of technology and process 节能降耗，降低成本； Save energy, reduce costs 减少废物处置成本。 Reduce waste disposal costs c.对企业产品开发的好处 c. The benefits for enterprise product development 产品革新?比如用再生纸做包装，生产能源消耗少的产品 Product innovation ?such as packaging made by recycled paper, and products of low consumption of production energy d.对企业市场营销的好处 d. The benefits for enterprise marketing. 更好的销售?环保法律法规对零售商的压力； Better sales ?environmental laws and regulations have the pressure on retailers 产品特色?提高在环境方面的竞争优势； Product Features ?improve competitive advantage in the environmental field 更强的国际竞争力。 Stronger international competitiveness 如何看待ISO14000在对外经济贸易发展中的地位？ How to view status of ISO14000 in foreign economic and trade development? ISO14000标准强调污染预防和持续改进，要求建立职责明确、运作规范、文件化的监控管理 体系，通过合理有效的管理 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 和运行程序来达到环境目标和指标，实现环境方针。这套体系如 果实施得当，将会在较的时间内提高企业环境管理水平和员工素质，并有助于企业扩大市场份额， 提高产品附加值，实现经济和环保可持续性协调发展。从根本上讲，这与我国外经贸所倡导的“从劳动密集型向技术密集型转变、从粗放型向集约型经济转变”的两个根本性转变，“以质取胜”和“外经贸名牌战略”是完全一致的。因此，我们应当从战略的高度看待ISO14000，并将其纳入我国的外经贸发展战略。 ISO14000 standards emphasize pollution prevention and continuous improvement and require the establishment of clear responsibilities, operational standards, file-oriented monitoring and management system.. Through reasonable and effective management of programs and operational procedures , environmental objectives and targets are achieved to implement environmental policy.. This system, if properly implemented, will to improve corporate environmental management level and employee quality in much shorter time and help enterprises to expand their market share, increase added value of product and achieve the coordinated development of economic and environmental sustainability.. Basically, this is entirely consistent with " shift from the labor-intensive to technology-intensive and change from extensive to intensive economic advocated by the country's foreign trade,", "winning by quality" and " strategy of brand-name from foreign trade ".. Therefore, we should look on ISO14000 from a strategic height, and bring it into economic development strategies of the country's foreign trade. 首先，应该高度重视ISO14000工作，将其作为一个能够促进国际贸易，有利于提高企业环境 管理水平和人员素质的行之有效的管理工具，抓紧推广和实施。从以往ISO9000推行的经验来看，那些及早动手，深刻理解和实施标准精髓的企业都是最大的受益者。在ISO14000推行工作工作中也应借鉴这种做法，及早研究，及早决策，抓紧推广，认真实施，注重吸收国际成功经验， 并结合国情和企业实际，解决我国企业的实际问题。 Firstly, we should attach great importance to the work of ISO14000 to make it promote international trade and be helpful to improve effective the management tools of corporate environmental management and quality of personnel, so it should be peremptorily spreaded and implemented. . From previous experience of implementing ISO9000, the enterprises which early make it and profoundly understand 、implement the essence of standards are the largest beneficiaries.. In the implementation work of ISO14000 this approach should also be used... we should early study it, early make its decision, pay close attention to promotion, conscientiously implement it and pay attention to absorb international successful experience combined with the actual conditions and business to solve practical problems in China's enterprises 其次，开展ISO14000工作应从“利国、利民、兴业”的角度出发，才能达到最终的目的和取得 最佳的效果。对于ISO14000标准在提高企业环境管理水平，扩大出口，改善环境状况等方面的 积极作用，各方面基本上已达成了共识。关键是在ISO14000的推广和实施过程中，政府、企业、认可机构、认证机构、咨询机构、环保科研机构、采购商等相关各方要加强沟通，紧密协作。要 多考虑国家利益、人民利益和优秀民族企业的利益，而不囿于部门或机构的小利益，密切配合， 才能将ISO14000这块蛋糕做大、做好。这样，既有利于ISO14000事业的快速、健康发展，也 使得参加ISO14000工作的社会各方尽快地得到各自的回报。 Secondly, carrying out ISO14000 work should begin from" Conducive to nation and people, prosperity," in order to achieve the ultimate goal and the best results.. ISO14000 standard is helpful to improve environmental management level of corporate, to expand exports, improve the environmental conditions such as the positive role, so all aspects basically reach a consensus.. In the promotion and implementation of ISO14000 the key is that the government, enterprises, accreditation bodies, certification bodies, advisory bodies, environmental protection and scientific research institutions, buyers and other relevant parties should strengthen communication and close collaboration.. giving more consideration to national interests, the people's interests and the interests of the best national enterprises instead of being limited to the interests of a small department or agency and close co-ordination can make ISO14000 become big piece of cake and good.. This way not only helps ISO14000 to cause rapid and healthy development, but also makes all sectors of society of the work of participating in ISO14000 get their return as soon as possible 最后，还应全面地看待ISO14000标准。既要看到它的先进性、科学性，代表未来一段时期环 境管理的发展方向。同时，ISO14000具有一定的灵活性，除了要求企业在其环境方针中对遵守 有关法律、法规和持续改进作出承诺外，并不规定环境表现的绝对要求，因此两个从事类似活动 但环境表现不同的企业，可能都达到ISO14000标准要求。因此，可以通过符合本地区而非出口 市场所在国的环保法律法规来达到ISO14000要求，体现了贸易的对等原则，有助于消除贸易壁垒。但是，我们也应该看到，西方发达国家都是在非常好的环境管理经验、环保科技的基础上采 用ISO14000标准的，在这一点上，包括我们在内的大部分发展我国家与西方发达国家并不处在 同一起跑线上，这种劣势有可能通过西方发达国家的严格立法和贸易政策转化成对我出口产品的 贸易壁垒。为此，我们应当努力迎头赶上，尽快实施ISO14000标准，同时还应通过双边和多边 贸易协定等国际谈判方式，据理力争，以求为我国的出口企业留出一段推行ISO14001标准，与国际接轨的时间。 Finally, ISO14000 standards should be comprehensively viewed.. We must see its advanced and scientific trait, which represent the direction of development of environmental management in the future .. At the same time, ISO14000 has a certain degree of flexibility…Besides requiring companies to make a commitment about laws, regulations, and continuous improvement, it does not prescribe the absolute requirements of environmental performance .. Therefore, both enterprises engaged in similar activities but with different environmental performance may have reached the requirements of ISO14000..So through environmental laws and regulations of homeland and this region rather than nation for export markets, it can achieve the requirements of ISO14000 .. This embodies the principle of reciprocity in trade, which is helpful to eliminate technical barriers to trade.. However, we should also see that the developed countries of the Western use ISO14000 standards on the basis of a very good experience of environmental management, and environmental protection technology.. At this point, our nation and most of the developing the countries are not the same starting line with the we should developed Western countries… This disadvantage may cause trade barriers China's strive to catch up as soon as possible and implement ISO14000 standards.. At the same export product by strict legislation and trade policies of Western countries.. Sotime, through bilateral and multilateral trade agreements and other international negotiations, we shall struggle in order to set aside a period of implementation of ISO14001 standards for our export , joint international the time.. ISO14000认证对国际贸易的影响 ISO14000 certification impacts international trade 开展ISO14000对我国开展国际贸易有什么影响呢？ How does the implementation of ISO14000 affect China's international trade? 从微观上讲，ISO14000是企业自愿采用的、自我约束性的标准，它的管理对象是某一具体组 织运行活动的外部存在，是与该组织的活动、产品或服务发生相互作用的微观生态环境及其要素。 但是，由于在其发展过程中受到市场、法律和政治、企业自身经济利益等多种力量的驱动， ISO14000这个国际标准已逐渐成为一种国际语言，通过国际化经济和商务的作用，将其影响迅 速扩展到全球经济的每个角落，并对国际贸易产生了影响，这主要体现在以下两个方面： From the micro perspective, ISO14000 is a voluntary and self-binding standards of enterprise.. Its management object is the external presence of a specific organization and operation activities and is associated with micro-ecological environment and elements which have an interactional effect with the organization's activities, products or services, However, because in its development process it is drived by the market, laws and politics, business economic interests and other power, ISO14000 has gradually become an international language... Through the international economic and commercial role ,its effect rapidly expands into every corner of the global economy, and affects international trade.. This is mainly reflected two aspects of the following 对外贸出口的影响 The impact of exports in foreign trade 由于ISO14000已日益成为一种国际潮流，欧、美、日等发达国家和部分新兴工业化国家正在 其国内广泛实施ISO14000标准，并逐渐将对进口商品的生产厂家提出ISO14000要求，这对包括我国在内的许多发展我国家向这些国家和地区出口必然形成严重的环境贸易壁垒，也称“绿色贸易壁垒”。 Since ISO14000 is increasingly becoming an international trend, Europe, the United States, Japan and other developed countries and some newly industrialized countries widely implement ISO14000 standards, they gradually make requirements of ISO14000 for manufacturers of imported goods.. This will inevitably lead to serious environmental trade barriers because many developing countries and my own nation export to these 我国产品的出口市场主要集中在发达国家和部分新兴工业化国家，向这些国家和地区的外贸出 nations.. This is also known as "green trade barrier" 口份额约占我国外贸总出口额的五分之四左右。这些国家和地区拥有先进的环保技术和高度发展 的生产力水平，如通过提高环境标准和环境立法等手段来构筑环境贸易壁垒，将严重影响我出口 市场的开拓和保持。 Export market for our products mainly concentrates on developed countries and some newly industrialized countries.. The share of foreign trade from export to those countries and regions, accounts for about China's four-fifths of total exports.. These countries and regions hold advanced environmental protection technology and levels of a highly developed productivity.. If through improving environmental standards and environmental legislation and other means trade barriers of environment are built, the opening up and maintaining of our export markets will be seriously affected 另一方面，随着全球经济一体化程度的提高，我国企业开始走出国门，对外投资，开办跨国 企业，利用国外先进的技术、充足的专业人力资源和丰富的管理经验来发展和壮大自已，并取得 了初步的成果。从这些跨国企业今后的良性发展考虑，实施ISO14000标准所要求的管理模式，对相关的环境因素和环境问题加以控制，以最优的成本和组织方式，来达到当地所有相关环境法 律法规的要求，是非常必需的。 On the other hand, with a higher level of global economic integration, China's enterprises are starting going abroad, foreign investment, start-up multinational corporations.. It use advanced technology of foreign country, adequate human resources and wealth management experience to develop and grow its own, and have achieved initial results.. Considering sound development of the future from these multinational companies, we implement the required management model of ISO14000 standards.. It is very essential that the relevant environmental factors and the environment should be controlled and by the optimal cost and organization, relevant requirements of all local environmental laws and regulations should be met. 对企业竞争力的影响 The impact on the competitiveness of enterprises ISO14000强调污染预防和持续改进，规定了一个以规划－实施－检查－改进（PDCA）螺旋上升的开环为核心的负反馈管理机制，如果得到正确理解和有效实施，将使我国企业旧有的环境管 理模式发生一个革命性的转变，带来许多实际的好处。通过对ISO14000获证企业的调查显示，采用ISO14000管理模式有助于提高管理者和员工的环境意识，改善企业形象，减少法律纠纷和 环境投诉，申请银行货款，降低保险费，改进工艺，提高技术水平，节能降耗，减少排污收费， 避免环境事故的和环保处罚，遵守环境法律法规要求，通过环境方面的竞争优势来赢得客户，提 高国际竞争力，扩大市场份额等。 ISO14000 emphasizes pollution prevention and continuous improvement 、prescribes a the negative feedback regulatory mechanisms based on the core about spiral open-loop of plan - implementation - Inspection - Improvement (PDCA).. If it can be properly understood and effectively implemented, this will revolutionary change the old patterns of environmental management of China's enterprises and bring about many practical benefits.. Through a survey for ISO14000 accredited enterprises, the use of ISO14000 management can help to enhance the environmental awareness of managers and employees, improve corporate image, reduce legal disputes and environmental complaints, apply for bank loans, lower insurance costs, improve technology, upgrade technology level, save energy, reduce sewage charges, avoid environmental accidents and environmental penalties, abide by environmental laws and regulations.. A competitive advantage through environmental aspects wins customers, improves international 虽然企业实施ISO14000环境管理模式将投入一定的人力、物力和财力，对企业来造成一定程度competitiveness and expand market share, etc. 的负担，但是相对于因此而产生的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益来说只是暂时的、次要的 The enterprises implement ISO14000 environmental management model ,so it will be put into a certain human, material and financial resources to cause a certain extent burden for the enterprises..However, the resulting economic benefits, environmental and social benefits are important..