商务英语毕业论文范文

商务英语毕业论文范文 篇一:商务英语专业毕业论文范文 Abstract With the establishment of student-centered teaching concept, independent learning has been a hot topic in the field of educational psychology research at home and abroad. However in China, owing to the impact of traditional teaching pattern, teacher neglect learners’ status as the main role in language learning. In modern English teaching concept, students’ independent learning competence is the key to improving English level. education. The investigation shows that the students’ independent learning ability is at medium level. In detail, most of students’ instrumental motivation is stronger than integrative motivation; they hold positive learning belief but seldom know the teacher’s aims and requirements; they have clear learning goals and plans but seldom carry them out; In addition, they lack knowledge of learning strategies, self-monitoring and self-assessment, and they make little use of learning resources. The author tries to analyze the possible reasons and proposes some appropriate suggestions to promote learners’ autonomy. Key words: English major freshmen; Independent learning; Improve English Level. 摘要 随着以学生为中心的教学观的确立,自主学习成为国内外教育 心理学研究的热点。然而，由于受到传统教学模式的影响，忽视 了学习者作为学习主体的地位的现象。在现代英语教育教学理念 中，英语专业学生的自主学习能力是提高自身英语总体水平的关 键。通过调查发现英语专业新生的自主学习能力处于中等水平， 大多数新生学习英语的外部动机强于内在动机;学习观念积极， 但是对教师的教学目的与要求不是很了解;新生有明确的学习目 标和 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 ，但是很少付出实际行动;学习策略匮乏，自我监控和 评估的能力不足，不能充分利用学习资源。针对以上情况，分析 其原因并给出建议以提高学习者的自主学习能力。。。。 关键词:英语专业新生;自主学习;提高英语水平 Chapter One: Introduction 1.1 The structure of the thesis This paper is composed of six chapters. Chapter one is an introduction to the situation of independent learning, its necessity and significance. Chapter two is the literature review related to independent learning, including some concepts and previous studies at home and abroad. Chapter three concentrates on the concerning factors on independent learning. Chapter four is the survey design, which describes the subjects and questions of the survey. Chapter five reports the result of survey and analyzes the data. Based on the results of survey, factors affecting independent learning and reasons are discussed in detail. Chapter six is the conclusion, which discusses the implication of survey, with hopes to promote independent competence, then some suggestions on teachers’ roles, learners’ roles and teaching environment are put forward. 1.2 Need for independent learning In recent years, with the development of domestic and international economic, the demands for foreign talents increase gradually in China. Second language learning has been a heated point for educators at home and abroad. Since 1980s, Holec put forward the concept of independent learning, which has been a popular discussion in the West. Compared with the traditional teaching —teacher-centered teaching, which teachers pay more attention to how they teach rather than how students learn, the contemporary English teaching lays emphasis on the main role of learners. In China, most of teachers adopt traditional teaching methods in foreign language teaching, they devote too much time and attention to how to teach more than how to learn, unilaterally emphasize teachers’ role of “input” and stress uniqueness and standards, the role of learners as learning subjects has been overlooked. Educators advocate a new English teaching pattern: student-centered teaching. With this new teaching model, developing students’ independent learning ability is a primary task for teachers and educators. Furthermore, independent learning is also vital for second language learners in the future. At present, in China, Owing to big size of class, a teacher can not instruct every single student at any time. In addition, one foreign language learner’s ability differs from others, so learners should spend more time on independent learning to achieve their goals. Especially for freshmen, they should adjust themselves to the college English teaching, which advocates student-centered teaching pattern. Once they foster a sense of independent learning and take action, they will get great progress in English learning. Chapter Two: Literature Review 2.1 The concept of independent learning Over the last few decades, autonomy has been a heated topic for language learning in the western countries. The concept of “independent learning” stemmed from debates about the development of life-long learning skills and the development of independent thinkers, both of which originated in 1960s (Gardner & Miller, 2002:6). It is difficult to define concepts of autonomy, because different writers have defined the concepts in different ways. Various terms are used by many scholars such as “learner autonomy”, “self-instruction”, “self-direction”, “self-access”, etc. It was Holec (1981:3) who first brought forward the definition of independent learning in 1981, he defines autonomy as “the ability to take charge of one’s own learning”. According to Gardner and Miller (2002:6), there are some definitions of autonomy. Dickinson (1987:11) accepts the definition of autonomy as “a situation in which the learner is totally responsible for all of the decisions concerned with his or her learning and the implementation of those decisions”. In terms of different schools of thoughts, there are three major schools. Little (1990:7) considers learner autonomy as “essentially a matter of the learner’s psychological relation to the process and content of learning”. Kenny (1993:436) states that autonomy is not only the freedom to learn but also “the opportunity to become a person”. Both of them see autonomy as a personal characteristic. As the representative of political framework, Benson(1997:29) defines learner autonomy is “a recognition of the rights of learners within educational systems”. As for one school of thoughts viewing autonomy as an educational practice, Bound (1988:17) suggests that autonomy is “an approach to educational practice”. The above definitions deal with the concept of learner autonomy in past years. Later years, more and more discussion and additional details are carried out by a great numbers of scholars in western countries. These results offer perfect theory framework and instruction for researchers in language teaching. The research on independent learning in China began in the early 1990s. The researchers combine western scholars’ achievement and the situation in China and then define independent learning in different ways. Pang Weiguo (庞维国，2001:79) describes the independent learning from two angles: 1). The first is discussed from dimensionality: if learners can make choice and control themselves consciously, the process of learning can be regarded as independent learning. To be specific, if learners’ motivation is self-driven, the content of learning is self-selected, learning strategies are self-regulation and the learning time is planed and managed by learners, they can create the condition of learning and evaluate the results. Then we can say that the learning is independent. 篇二:商务英语毕业论文范文 商务英语写作论文 学 院: 外 国 语 学 院 专 业: 商 务 英 语 年 级: 2 0 1 2 级 姓 名: 张 胜 男 论文题目: Implication of Cultural Differences on International Business Negotiations 指导教师: 李晶漪 职称: 副教授成 绩: 2014 年 6 月 19 日 Contents Abstract. ...................................................................................................... 3 Key words ................................................................................................... 3 摘 要 ........................................................................................................... 3 关键 词 ......................................................................................................... 4 1.Introduction .............................................................................................. 4 2. Types of Culture Differences .................................................................. 4 2.1 Value View ................................................................................................. .. 4 2.2. Negotiating Style ........................................................................................ 5 2.3. Thinking Model .......................................................................................... 5 3. Impact of Cultural Differences on International Business Negotiations 5 3.1Impact of Value Views Differences on International Business Negotiations 6 3.2 Impact of Negotiating Style Differences on International Business Negotiations ....................................................................................................... 6 3.3 Impact of Thinking Model Differences on International Business Negotiation ......................................................................................................... 7 4. Coping Strategy of Negotiating across Cultures .................................... 7 4.1 Making Preparations before Negotiation. .................................................... 8 4.2 Overcoming Cultural Prejudice ................................................................... 8 4.3 Conquering Communication Barriers .......................................................... 8 5. Conclusion ........................................................................................ ...... 9 Bibliography ..................................................................................... ........ 10 Implication of Cultural Differences on International Business Negotiations Name: Zhang ShengnanNo.: 20125061824 Business English MajorSchool of Foreign Languages Supervisor: Li jingyi Title: Associate Professor Abstract: The business negotiations under different cultural conditions come to cross- cultural negotiations. With the economic globalization and the frequent business contacts, cultural differences seem to be very important; otherwise they could cause unnecessary misunderstanding, even affect the result of the business negotiations. This means it is very important to know the different culture in different countries and the ways to avoid the culture conflicts in the international business negotiations. The article commences from the types of culture differences, then it explains the impacts of these culture differences on international business negotiation and finally it analyzes how to deal with the problem of the cultural differences correctly in negotiation process. Such a standpoint is emphasized: In the business negotiations between different countries, negotiators should accept the other party’s culture, and try to make him be accepted; then make a correct evaluation with the help of valid communication and discover their real benefits between them. Besides, we should know clearly and try to accept the culture differences as possible as we can. It is very important for the success of culture negotiations. Key words: Culture; Cultural differences; Business negotiation; Impact 摘 要:不同文化条件下的商务谈判就是跨文化谈判。在世界经 济日趋全球化的今天，随着国际间商务交往活动的频繁和密切， 各国间的文化差异就显得格外的重要，否则将会引起不必要的误 会，甚至可能直接影响商务交往的实际效果。这味着如何化解各 国不同文化背景在国际商务谈判中是非常重要的。文章从文化差 异的类型入手，然后解释了这些文化差异对国际商务谈判的影响， 最后分析了如何正确解决谈判过程中文化差异的问题。文章强调 了这样一个观点，在不同国 家商务谈判中，谈判员应该接受对方的文化，并试图是自己被对 方所接受，然后在有效沟通的帮助下做出正确评估，并找出它们 之间的真正利益。此外，们应该尽可能的清楚的了解并发现对方 的文化。这对文化谈判的成功至关重要。 关键词:文化;文化差 异;商务谈判;影响 1.Introduction Along with the advancement globalization and China’s WTO entry, business enterprises in China have to face more and more business negotiations with foreign enterprises, especially with American enterprises. In these negotiations, Chinese negotiators sometimes feel uncomfortable, puzzled, lost, irritated and the alike, because of unfamiliar custom and behaviors demonstrated by American negotiators. Meanwhile, American negotiators confront the same situation. Cult rural differences between China and west countries could cause many problems. Therefore, understanding cultural differences and overcoming them is crucial in international business negotiations. Although the definition of culture is numerous and vague, it is commonly Recognized that culture is a shared system of symbols, beliefs, values, attitudes and expectations. Culture is a major determinant in business negotiation. So have a clear picture of culture differences if of great significance. 2. Types of Culture Differences The east countries and west countries have produced different cultures on the different continents. Among the different cultures, value views, negotiating style and thinking model appear more obvious. 2.1 Value View Value view is the standard that people use to asses objective things. It includes time view, equality view and objectivity. People may draw a different or even contradictory conclusion about the same thing. Value view is one of the most important differences among the many factors. It can influence the attitude, needs and behavior of people. The value view varies from nation to nation, people know that the eastern person focus on collectivism, while the western people pay more attention to individualism. 2.2. Negotiating Style Negotiating style refers to the tolerance and graces which the negotiator shows in the negotiation. The negotiators show their negotiating style through behavior, manners and the method of controlling negotiation process during the negotiation. The negotiator’s negotiating style has a bearing on their culture background. According to the culture differences, negotiating style falls into two types: the east negotiating style pattern and the west negotiating style pattern. 2.3. Thinking Model Thinking model reflects the culture. Because of the influences of history background, continents, words and living method, different nations generate different thinking models. Surely, there is more than one thinking model of a nation, but one is more obvious compared with others. As a whole, east people, especially Chinese have strong comprehensive thinking, image thinking and curved thinking, while analytical thinking, abstract thinking and direct thinking are possessed by the west people. 3. Impact of Cultural Differences on International Business Negotiations With the rapid development of economy, we need to do business with businessmen under different culture background, so in order to reach trade agreement, it is necessary for us to study the impact of culture differences on international negotiation in global business activities. The impact of culture differences on international negotiation is extensive and deeply. Different cultures divide the people into different group and they are also the obstacles of people’s communication. Accordingly, it is required that the negotiator should accept the culture of each other. Furthermore, through culture differences, it is important that the negotiator reveal and 篇三:商务英语毕业论文范文. Impacts of Cultural Differences on International Business Negotiation 学院: 化学化工学院 系别:化学系 姓名:杨星玉 学号:20520112201404 Abstract With the economic globalization and the frequent business contacts, cultural differences seem to be very important; otherwise they could cause unnecessary misunderstanding, even affect the result of the business negotiations. This means it is very important to know the different culture in different countries and the ways to avoid the culture conflicts in the international business negotiations. The article commences from the types of culture differences, then it explains the impacts of these culture differences on international business negotiation and finally it analyzes how to deal with the problem of the cultural differences correctly in negotiation process. Key words: Culture; Cultural differences; Business negotiation; Impact. 1. Types of Culture Differences 1.1Value View Value view is the standard that people use to asses objective things. It includes time view, equality view and objectivity. People may draw a different or even contradictory conclusion about the same thing. Value view is one of the most important differences among the many factors. 1.2. Negotiating Style Negotiating style refers to the tolerance and graces which the negotiator shows in the negotiation. The negotiators show their negotiating style through behavior, manners and the method of controlling negotiation process during the negotiation. 1.3. Thinking Model Thinking model reflects the culture. Because of the influences of history background, continents, words and living method, different nations generate different thinking models. Surely, there is more than one thinking model of a nation, but one is more obvious compared with others. 2. Impact of Cultural Differences on International Business Negotiations With the rapid development of economy, we need to do business with businessmen under different culture background, so in order to reach trade agreement, it is necessary for us to study the impact of culture differences on international negotiation in global business activities. The impact of culture differences on international negotiation is extensive and deeply. Different cultures divide the people into different group and they are also the obstacles of people’s communication. Accordingly, it is required that the negotiator should accept the culture of each other. Furthermore, through culture differences, it is important that the negotiator reveal and understand the other party’s goal and behavior and make him or herself be accepted by the opponent to reach agreement finally. 3. Coping Strategy of Negotiating across Cultures 3.1 Making Preparations before Negotiation. The negotiators must make good preparations if they want control the development of negotiation successfully in the complex situation. When making preparations, you should try to know the opponents while you analyze yourselves. Analyzing yourselves mainly refers to studying if the project is feasible. To knowing about the opponents means understanding their strength such as credit status, the policy, business customs and so on. 3.2 Overcoming Cultural Prejudice Tolerating different cultures and overcoming cultural prejudice contribute to better communicating with each other and understanding each other. We should learn about the foreign cultures before negotiation and accept and understand their cultures in negotiation, because every country regard their own cultures as a matter of course and hope that their culture could be recognized and accepted. 3.3 Conquering Communication Barriers In negotiation, sometimes we can’t make much progress although we have talked for long time. And sometimes both parties are not satisfied. After thinking, that is caused by communication barriers which happen easily in cross-cultural negotiation. We should make sure if there appear communication barriers, if so, we must overcome them. Generally speaking, we should pay more attention to the following three communication barriers in cross-cultural negotiation: the communication barriers caused by culture background of both; the ones caused by misunderstanding of the contents and information from the partner; the ones caused by not being willing to accept the opponent’s contents and ideas. Conclusion “Social Customs varies in different countries”. In a word, cross- cultural communication will meet the problem of culture differences surely. In turn, culture differences also influence all aspects of international business communication. To avoid or to resolve the culture differences is a huge task in international business negotiation. In order to step into the international market successfully, we must have the awareness of culture differences, acknowledge culture differences and understand different cultures. Try to know yourself and know them. What’s more, we should respect different behavior of businessmen under different culture background, and then we could reduce unnecessary conflicts resulting from not respecting the opponents. It is beneficial for both to form an atmosphere of mutual trust and cooperation, reduce culture differences and turn disadvantages into advantages and benefits. Thus, we could avoid conflicts and obstacles, then to promote communication and harmony in international business negotiation.