副词的讲解

副词的讲解 By Helen 一副词的用法    1 1、副词的作用    1 2、副词的分类    1 3、副词在句中的位置    2 4、部分常用副词的特殊用法    2 5、副词的排列顺序：    3 二、形容词变副词    3 1、一般规则    3 2、特例    4 3、有些既为形容词，也为副词    4 4、形容词与副词词义差别    4 一副词的用法 1、副词的作用 （1）作状语，修饰动词 e.g.He studies very hard.   （2）作定语，修饰形容词 e.g.He is rather silly （3）作状语，修饰副词 e.g.He ran much faster than I. （4）做状语，修饰连词 e.g.He fell ill partly because he worked too hard. （5）作定语，修饰名词 e.g.Life here is full of joy.  （6）置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。 e.g.Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA. e.g.Happily for her, her stepmother was kind to her.  e.g.Obviously, your answer is absolutely wrong.  e.g.Naturally ,you want to discuss this problem with your parents. 2、副词的分类 （1）时间副词：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。 e.g.He often comes to school late. e.g.What are we going to do tomorrow? e.g.He is never been to Beijing. （2）地点副词：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, e.g.everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。 e.g.I met an old friend of mine on my way home. e.g.He went upstairs. e.g.Put down your name here. （3）方式副词：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide e.g.The old man walked home slowly. e.g.Please listen to the teacher carefully. e.g.The birds are flying high. e.g.He runs very fast. （4）程度副词：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。 e.g.Her pronunciation is very good. e.g.She sings quite well. e.g.I can hardly agree with you. （5）疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词：how, when, where, why等。 e.g.How are you getting along with your studies? e.g.Where were you yesterday? e.g.Why did you do that? 3、副词在句中的位置 （1）多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。e.g.Mr. Smith works very hard. e.g.She speaks English well. （2）频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。 e.g.He usually gets up early. e.g.I’ve never heard him singing. e.g.She is seldom ill. （3）程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如： e.g.It is a rather difficult job. e.g.He runs very fast. e.g.He didn’t work hard enough. （4）副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。 e.g.On my way home, I met my uncle. e.g.The students there have a lot time to do their own research work. （5）作插入语放在两个名词中间 e.g.My friends especially Mary, are very young. 4、部分常用副词的特殊用法 （1）very, much 这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。 e.g.She is a very nice girl e.g.I’m feeling much better now. Much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。 e.g.I don’t like the idea much. e.g.They did not talk much. （2）too, either 这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。 e.g.She can dance, and I can dance, too. e.g.I haven’t read the book and my brother hasn’t either. （3）already, yet already一般用于肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。 e.g.He has already left. e.g.Have you heard from him yet? e.g.He hasn’t answered yet. （4） so, neither so和neither都可用于倒装句，但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。 e.g.My brother likes football and so do I. e.g.My brother doesn’t like dancing and neither do I. 5、副词的排列顺序：  （1）时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。  （2）方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。  Please write slowly and carefully.  （3）多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。  ★副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。  (错) I very like English.  (对) I like English very much.  二、形容词变副词 1、一般规则 （1）一般情况下直接加“ly” e.g.quick-quickly; polite-politely; sad-sadly; immediate - immediately; recent-recently （2）少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly e.g.true-truly; due-duly 绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly e.g.polite-politely; wide-widely; wise-wisely;nice-nicely （3）以“y”结尾的，且读音为 / i /， 先将“y”改成“i”，再加“ly” e.g.happy-happily; heavy-heavily; angry-angrily; busy-busily 但是如果读音为 / ai /， 直接加ly e.g.dry-dryly; sly-slyly; shy---shyly （4）以ic 结尾的词，加ally. e.g.economic-economically; basic-basically; scientific-scientifically; automatic-automatically; energetic-energetically  （5）以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y e.g.simple-simply; considerable-considerably; terrible-terribly gentle-gently; possible-possibly; probable-probably; incredible-incredibly （6）元音字母加le时加 ly e.g.sole-solely。但是whole-wholly例外。 （7）以-ll结尾时，只须加 –y，如：dull-dully; shrill-shrilly 2、特例 但friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively， ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 3、有些既为形容词，也为副词 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early  e.g.The Times is a daily paper.