遗传信息的转录与翻译

遗传信息的转录与翻译 “遗传信息的转录与翻译”教学设计 一、教学目标 (1)知识目标 1. 模拟“遗传信息的转录和翻译” 的过程及观看相应的动画，学生能 概述遗传信息转录和翻译的场所、 模板 个人简介word模板免费下载关于员工迟到处罚通告模板康奈尔office模板下载康奈尔 笔记本 模板 下载软件方案模板免费下载 、条件、原料和产物; 2. 举例说出密码子的概念与功能; (2)能力目标 课前搜集相关素材，学生在小组合作、探究学习的过程中，培养获取信 息处理信息的能力; (3)情感态度价值观 1、运用数学方法猜测碱基与氨基酸之间的关系，培养学生在 生物背景下的数学研究能力; 2. 说明mRNA、tRNA和核糖体在遗传信息 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 达过程中的协作关 系，体验生命现象的简约美、和谐美、精确美。 二、教材分析 该主 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 选自人教版普通高中实验教科书生物必修二《遗传与进化》第四章第一节的内容。主要讲述了基因控制蛋白质的合成等内容，本节课概念多、难点多、抽象，学生平时接触不到，但对于学生理解生物的遗传有着重要的意义，是学习后续章节不可缺少的基础。作为第一课时，主要的任务就是给学生初步构建一个转录和翻译过程的框架，明白各个 知识点 高中化学知识点免费下载体育概论知识点下载名人传知识点免费下载线性代数知识点汇总下载高中化学知识点免费下载 间的内在关系，能简洁、清晰地概述转录和翻译过程。 三、学情分析 转录和翻译过程抽象复杂学生难理解，较多物质和细胞结构参与学生易混淆，涉及到必修1和必修2中多个章节内容学生已遗忘，该过程的突破对本模块学习起steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative surfaces and decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the decoration construction progress and quality, trying to avoid construction does not ... Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts should 着承前启后的作用，所以如何化难为易，变抽象为具体，增加学生感性认识是教学的突破点。教学中要积极调动学生已有的知识储备，结合直观形象的示意图、模型及视频动画来辅助教学，注重对知识进行回顾、比较和 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf ，这样利于目标的达成。 四、教学条件分析 学校有多媒体教室配有电子白板，教学中充分利用这一媒体技术，形象、直观、便捷的展示了抽象的转录和翻译过程。 五、设计思路 依据课标，利用教学资源，实施“学为主体、教为主导”的教学原则，以小组合作学习的方式为主，交出主动权，让学生担任课堂的主角，实现生生互动、师生互动，同时注意优化课堂资源配置，激发学生思维，使学生高效地学习。 六、教学重点、难点 教学重点:遗传信息转录和翻译的过程 教学难点:遗传信息的翻译 七、教学手段 本课主要利用探究—发现结合式的教学方法，适当创设问题情境和打比方，以问题为主线贯穿转录和翻译的过程，同时利用课本插图和动画课件，创设有利于学生主动探究知识的情境，展示蛋白质合成的动画过程，启发学生讨论、思考问题，引导学生探究，归纳基因控制蛋白质的过程和原理。 八、教学过程 steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative surfaces and decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the decoration construction progress and quality, trying to avoid construction does not ... Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts should 教学环节 师生活动 设计意图 创造情境、激发兴趣 配乐欣赏一组美丽多彩的生物图片。 提问:这些美丽多彩的生物图片给同学们展示了一个绚丽多彩的生物世界， 那生命为什么如此多姿多彩, (老师引导学生回答) ??蛋白质是生命的体现者。 导入 为进入下一教学内容作铺 引出问题:谁来指导蛋白质的合成, 垫，进一步激发学生求知欲 望。 (学生回答:基因) 举例分析基因、蛋白质和性状之间的关系。 引出课题??基因指导蛋白质的合成。 新课讲解 1、引导学生巩固旧知识，并师:(课件展示真核细胞亚显微结构图)，提问:控制生物性状的基因在哪 引出探究内容。 里,蛋白质的合成场所在在哪里, 『探究活动』遗2、打比方形象有趣，可激发引导探究:基因位于细胞核中，怎么去指导细胞质中的核糖体合成蛋白质, 学生的学习兴趣。 传信息的传递(比如-细胞核是司令部，细胞质是战场，DNA可充当什么角色,它为什么 途径 不到细胞质中直接指导蛋白质的合成,) 3、通过模似科学家研究过 程，让学生感受科学探索的推测:有一种物质把遗传信息“带”到核糖体上。 乐趣，培养学生比较、分析、steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative surfaces and decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the decoration construction progress and quality, trying to avoid construction does not ... Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts should 想象，由现象揭示本质的探 究思维能力和实事求是的科 师:(引导学生推测遗传信息从细胞核到核糖体的传递途径可能情况:课件学精神。 展示材料一:1955年有人曾用洋葱根尖和变形虫进行实验，如果加入 RNA 酶分解细胞中的 RNA，蛋白质合成就停止，而如果再加进从酵母中提取出 来的RNA，则又可重新合成一定数量的蛋白质。材料二:同年，拉斯特(Laster Gold)等人将变形虫用同位素标记的尿嘧啶核苷培养液来培养，发现标记 的RNA分子首先在细胞核中合成。) 师:(提问并引导学生分析实验):综合两个素材，你认为遗传信息的传递 途径是什么, 生:(观察课件展示的实验，通过比较分析得出结论) 进一步设问:科学家发现把遗传信息“带”出来的物质是RNA，RNA为什么 能完成这一使命, 1(图示“核苷酸的结构图”及“RNA和DNA的化学组成上的区别”引导学用不断提升的问题引导学生『探究活动』转生看图观察分析比较RNA和DNA的结构，然后课件展示“RNA和DNA的比通过观察比较分析的方法，录的过程 较”图表，师生共同完成。 得出 设问:从图中比较结果能否回答“为什么RNA适于作DNA的信使,” RNA适于作DNA的信使的原 因，培养学生类比归纳的学 习方法。 (引导学生回答) steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative surfaces and decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the decoration construction progress and quality, trying to avoid construction does not ... Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts should 2(展示三种RNA结构图，简单说明RNA的种类及功能:(mRNA、tRNA、 rRNA) 设疑:DNA的遗传信息是怎样传给mRNA的, 3(转录(重点) 先播放一次完整的转录过程的flase动画， 通过学生活动，培养学生的 动手操作能力以及学生的合 引导学生认真观察每个过程的变化特点。 作意识，同时加深认识和理 解转录的过程。 提问:mRNA在哪里产生,(生回答:细胞核) 再展示教材P63图4-4“以DNA为模板转录RNA的图解”，然后进行学生活 动，通过学生活动分析转录过程。 以小组为单位将事先准备好的材料(用硬纸片制成活动材料，包括DNA双利用课本插图和课件，培养 链结构、游离的核糖核苷酸数个等)要求学生按照碱基互补配对原则进行和发展学生的读图能力。 拼接，活动结束后，展示各小组的结果，小组代表小结活动情况。(教师引 导指正) steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative surfaces and decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the decoration construction progress and quality, trying to avoid construction does not ... Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts should 师生共同分析归纳转录过程: 『学生活动』 1(解旋 -–RNA聚合酶结合在DNA模板区，DNA双链在RNA聚合酶(解旋 酶)的作用下解开，碱基得以暴露。 2( 碱基互补配对--以一条DNA链为模板，利用细胞核内游离的核糖核苷 酸，按A-U，C-G，T-A，G-C配对。 3、连接合成RNA链--组成RNA的核糖核苷酸在RNA聚合酶的作用下一个个 连接起来。 4(释放--合成的mRNA从DNA链上释放，DNA双链恢复。 利用动画课件逐步演示转录过程并讲解，加深学生对转录过程直观的理解。 师生归纳转录的特点(场所、模板、原料、条件、碱基配对、产物、遗传 信息流动等)(课件逐一显示) 问题提升??教材P64:思考与讨论1、2 steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative surfaces and decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the decoration construction progress and quality, trying to avoid construction does not ... Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts should 得出转录的意义:保证遗传信息传递的稳定性和准确性。 师:(设问:mRNA只有4种碱基，怎样才能决定20种氨基酸呢?) 生:(讨论并交流结果) 师:(课件显示材料三:为检验密码子是否含有三个碱基，科学家人工合成 只由C、U两种碱基相间排列而成的mRNA，然后以其为模板合成多肽，结 培养学生假设推理能力以及『探究活动』翻果形成了亮氨酸和丝氨酸交替排列的多肽链。已知密码子间是连续阅读， 观察、归纳构建知识网络的 则密码子是“几联体”, 生:(回答) 译之密码子 能力。 师: 此实验证明mRNA的3个碱基决定，即三联体密码子(显示密码子概念) 1967年20种氨基酸的密码子全部破译。(显示密码子表并提问密码子表有何 特点) 生:(观察、讨论、回答和补充) 师:(启发得到翻译过程需要的工具)经科学研究表明，这种工具也是一种 RNA，叫做转运RNA，简写为tRNA。 启发:tRNA具有怎样的结构才能担『探究活动』翻负起携带运输特定氨基酸的“历史使命”呢,(显示tRNA示意图) 通过观察图，了解tRNA的特译之工具— 点。 tRNA 生:(观察并回答) 『学生活动』翻师:了解了mRNA上的密码子和工具tRNA，翻译是如何进行的呢,(展示 译的过程 steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative surfaces and decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the decoration construction progress and quality, trying to avoid construction does not ... Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts should 翻译动画过程并进行学生活动) 各小组将事先准备好的材料(包括一条信使RNA长链、转运RNA数个、游离的氨基酸数个等)每位同学根据自己所担任的角色执行不同的任务，活 通过活动让学生直观了解翻动结束各小组展示活动成果，小组代表小结活动情况。(教师引导指正) 译过程。 通过活动使学生明白:当转运RNA运载着一个氨基酸进入到核糖体以后，就 以信使RNA为模板，按照碱基互补配对原则，把转运来的氨基酸放在相应的位置上。转运完毕以后，转运RNA离开核糖体，又去转运下一个氨基酸。 当核糖体接受两个氨基酸以后，第二个氨基酸就会被移至第一个氨基酸上， 让学生以表格形式归纳，形并通过肽链与第一个氨基酸连接起来，与此同时，核糖体在信使RNA上也 成自己的知识框架。 移动三个碱基的位置，为接受新运载来的氨基酸。上述过程如此往复地进行，肽链也就不断地延伸，直到信使RNA上出现终止密码子为止。 讲述:肽链合成以后，从信使RNA上脱离开来，再经过细胞质内的某些细胞器(如内质网、高尔基体等)的加工如盘曲折叠螺旋，最终合成一个具有一定氨基酸顺序的。有一定功能的蛋白质分子。 (出示翻译的表格) 生:(自主填好表格并汇报交流) 师:由上述过程可以看出:基因的表达过程本质上是基因、mRNA、核糖体、tRNA协同作用的结果。即DNA分子上的基因，其脱氧核苷酸的排列顺序决建构知识框架引导学生从整 小结 定了mRNA中核糖核苷酸的排列顺序， mRNA中核糖核苷酸的排列顺序又决体上认识基因表达的过程和定了氨基酸的排列顺序，氨基酸的排列顺序最终决定了蛋白质的结构和功意义。 能的特异性，从而使生物体表现出各种遗传性状。 假如密码子GGU发生差错，第一个碱基G换成了C，将会对氨基酸序列产生什么影响,若发生差错的是第三个碱基又会如何, 课堂拓展 训练巩固 学生思考、独立完成 steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative surfaces and decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the decoration construction progress and quality, trying to avoid construction does not ... Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts should 最后列表小结遗传信息的转录和翻译的异同点。 九、教学反思 在实际的课堂教学中，我认为这节课在以下两方面收到了较好效果:一是通过创设问题情境、演示图片和动画、引导学生参与活动进而探究转录、翻译过程，充分激发了学生兴趣，体现了学生学习的主体性，提高了学生独立思考、分析、观察和归纳能力;二是通过收集展示相关基因研究的素材，利用课件引导学生模拟科学家研究等教学过程，锻炼了学生的处理信息、语言表达及比较、分析、想象等探究性思维能力。但教学中发现，课堂上学生动手操作能力较弱，不利于学生脑手结合形成技能，也不利于学生综合素质的提高，因此，我认为在以后的教学过程中，需要在这些方面进一步充实。 steel bolts, screws and studs GB/T3098.6-2000 scope of this project are: 1, 2, 3 aluminium sheet curtain wall of glass curtain wall and the Aluminum plastic Board curtain wall 4, and stone curtain wall 5, and curtain wall buried pieces 6, and light steel points type glass rain canopy, and aluminum Board rain canopy 7, and aluminum Venetian 8, and outdoor advertising (containing roofing and the State surface advertising) 9 to spring glass door 10, and concrete structure and curtain wall between of layer between, and around fire seal blocking 11, and anti-mine 12, and daughter wall top processing 13, and pan light ming, engineering of tie construction 14, and buildings of deformation sewing (settlement sewing, and expansion joints,) 15, and After the detailed design drawings issued a wall embedded part is inconsistent with the tenderer needs to increase fixed curtain wall structure 16, decorative surfaces and decorative surface and joints between parts of other buildings facing sealing process, required to support the outer decoration of a hole, hole, plugging holes and so on. This works more decorative items, in order to ensure that the decoration construction progress and quality, trying to avoid construction does not ... Processing. After installation is complete if you have damaged galvanized parts should