2019年考研英语一真题(附答案)

2019年考研英语（一）试 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 SectionIUseofEnglish Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Researchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmarthumansare.1thefruit-flyexperimentsdescribedinCarlZimmer’spieceintheScienceTimesonTuesday.Fruitflieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthantheaveragefruitfly2toliveshorterlives.Thissuggeststhat3bulbsburnlonger,thatthereisan4innotbeingtooterrificallybright. Intelligence,it5out,isahigh-pricedoption.Ittakesmoreupkeep,burnsmorefuelandisslow6thestartinglinebecauseitdependsonlearning-agradual7-insteadofinstinct.Plentyofotherspeciesareabletolearn,andoneofthethingsthey’veapparentlylearnediswhento8. Isthereanadaptivevalueto9intelligence?That’sthequestionbehindthisnewresearch.Ilikeit.Insteadofcastingawistfulglance10atallthespecieswe’veleftinthedustI.Q.-wise,itimplicitlyaskswhatthereal11ofourownintelligencemightbe.Thisis12themindofeveryanimalI’veevermet. Researchonanimalintelligencealsomakesmewonderwhatexperimentsanimalswould13onhumansiftheyhadthechance.Everycatwithanowner,14,isrunningasmall-scalestudyinoperantconditioning.webelievethat15animalsranthelabs,theywouldtestusto16thelimitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulness,ourmemoryforterrain.Theywouldtrytodecidewhatintelligenceinhumansisreally17,notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.18,theywouldhopetostudya19question:Arehumansactuallyawareoftheworldtheylivein?20theresultsareinconclusive. 1.[A]Suppose [B]Consider [C]Observe [D]Imagine 2.[A]tended [B]feared [C]happened [D]threatened 3.[A]thinner [B]stabler [C]lighter [D]dimmer 4.[A]tendency [B]advantage[C]inclination [D]priority 5.[A]insistson [B]sumsup [C]turnsout [D]putsforward 6.[A]off [B]behind [C]over [D]along 7.[A]incredible [B]spontaneous[C]inevitable[D]gradual 8.[A]fight [B]doubt [C]stop [D]think 9.[A]invisible [B]limited [C]indefinite [D]different 10.[A]upward [B]forward [C]afterward[D]backward 11.[A]features [B]influences [C]results [D]costs 12.[A]outside [B]on [C]by [D]across 13.[A]deliver [B]carry [C]perform [D]apply 14.[A]bychance [B]incontrast [C]asusual [D]forinstance 15.[A]if [B]unless [C]as [D]lest 16.[A]moderate [B]overcome [C]determine [D]reach 17.[A]at [B]for [C]after [D]with 18.[A]Aboveall [B]Afterall [C]However [D]Otherwise 19.[A]fundamental [B]comprehensive[C]equivalent [D]hostile 20.[A]Byaccident [B]Intime [C]Sofar [D]Betterstill SectionIIReadingComprehension PartA Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text1 Habitsareafunnything.Wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainsonauto-pilotandrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine.“Notchoice,buthabitrulestheunreflectingherd,”WilliamWordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury.Intheever-changing21stcentury,eventheword“habit”carriesanegativeconnotation. Soitseemsantitheticaltotalkabouthabitsinthesamecontextascreativityandinnovation.Butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciouslydevelopnewhabits,wecreateparallelsynapticpaths,andevenentirelynewbraincells,thatcanjumpourtrainsofthoughtontonew,innovativetracks. Butdon’tbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits;oncethoserutsofprocedurearewornintothehippocampus,they’retheretostay.Instead,thenewhabitswedeliberatelyingrainintoourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthoseoldroads. “Thefirstthingneededforinnovationisafascinationwithwonder,”saysDawnaMarkova,authorof“TheOpenMind”andanexecutivechangeconsultantforProfessionalThinkingPartners.“Butwearetaughtinsteadto‘decide,’justasourpresidentcallshimself‘theDecider.’”Sheadds,however,that“todecideistokilloffallpossibilitiesbutone.Agoodinnovationalthinkerisalwaysexploringthemanyotherpossibilities.” Allofusworkthroughproblemsinwaysofwhichwe’reunaware,shesays.Researchersinthelate1960coveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacitytoapproachchallengesinfourprimaryways:analytically,procedurally,relationally(orcollaboratively)andinnovatively.Atpuberty,however,thebrainshutsdownhalfofthatcapacity,preservingonlythosemodesofthoughtthathaveseemedmostvaluableduringthefirstdecadeorsooflife. Thecurrentemphasisonstandardizedtestinghighlightsanalysisandprocedure,meaningthatfewofusinherentlyuseourinnovativeandcollaborativemodesofthought.“ThisbreaksthemajorruleintheAmericanbeliefsystem-thatanyonecandoanything,”explainsM.J.Ryan,authorofthe2019book“ThisYearIWill...”andMs.Markova’sbusinesspartner.“That’saliethatwehaveperpetuated,anditfosterscommonness.Knowingwhatyou’regoodatanddoingevenmoreofitcreatesexcellence.”Thisiswheredevelopingnewhabitscomesin. 21.TheviewofWordsworthhabitisclaimedbybeing A.casualB.familiarC.mechanicalD.changeable. 22.Theresearchershavediscoveredthattheformationofhabitcanbe A.predictedB.regulatedC.tracedD.guided 23.”ruts”(inlineone,paragraph3)hasclosestmeaningto A.tracksB.seriesC.characteristicsD.connections 24.Ms.Markova’scommentssuggestthatthepracticeofstandardtesting? A,preventsnewhabitsformbeingformed B,nolongeremphasizescommonness C,maintainstheinherentAmericanthinkingmodel D,complieswiththeAmericanbeliefsystem 25.Ryanmostprobablyagreethat A.ideasarebornofarelaxingmind B.innovativenesscouldbetaught C.decisivenessderivesfromfantasticideas D.curiosityactivatescreativeminds Text2 Itisawisefatherthatknowshisownchild,buttodayamancanboosthispaternal(fatherly)wisdom-oratleastconfirmthathe’sthekid’sdad.Allheneedstodoisshellour$30forpaternitytestingkit(PTK)athislocaldrugstore-andanother$120togettheresults. Morethan60,000peoplehavepurchasedthePTKssincetheyfirstbecomeavailablewithoutprescriptionslastyears,accordingtoDougFog,chiefoperatingofficerofIdentigene,whichmakestheover-the-counterkits.MorethantwodozencompaniessellDNAtestsDirectlytothepublic,ranginginpricefromafewhundreddollarstomorethan$2500. Amongthemostpopular:paternityandkinshiptesting,whichadoptedchildrencanusetofindtheirbiologicalrelativesandlatestrageamanypassionategenealogists-andsupportsbusinessesthatoffertosearchforafamily’sgeographicroots. Mosttestsrequirecollectingcellsbywebbingsalivainthemouthandsendingittothecompanyfortesting.AlltestsrequireapotentialcandidatewithwhomtocompareDNA. Butsomeobserversareskeptical,“Thereisakindoffalseprecisionbeinghawkedbypeopleclaimingtheyaredoingancestrytesting,”saysTreyDuster,aNewYorkUniversitysociologist.Henotesthateachindividualhasmanyancestors-numberinginthehundredsjustafewcenturiesback.Yetmostancestrytestingonlyconsidersasinglelineage,eithertheYchromosomeinheritedthroughmeninafather’slineormitochondrialDNA,whichapasseddownonlyfrommothers.ThisDNAcanrevealgeneticinformationaboutonlyoneortwoancestors,eventhough,forexample,justthreegenerationsbackpeoplealsohavesixothergreat-grandparentsor,fourgenerationsback,14othergreat-great-grandparents. Criticsalsoarguethatcommercialgenetictestingisonlyasgoodasthereferencecollectionstowhichasampleiscompared.Databasesusedbysomecompaniesdon’trelyondatacollectedsystematicallybutratherlumptogetherinformationfromdifferentresearchprojects.ThismeansthataDNAdatabasemaydifferdependingonthecompanythatprocessestheresults.Inaddition,thecomputerprogramsacompanyusestoestimaterelationshipsmaybepatentedandnotsubjecttopeerrevieworoutsideevaluation. 26.Inparagraphs1and2,thetextshowsPTK’s___________. [A]easyavailability [B]flexibilityinpricing [C]successfulpromotion [D]popularitywithhouseholds 27.PTKisusedto__________. [A]locateone’sbirthplace[B]promotegeneticresearch [C]identifyparent-childkinship[D]choosechildrenforadoption 28.Skepticalobserversbelievethatancestrytestingfailsto__________. [A]tracedistantancestors [B]rebuildreliablebloodlines [C]fullyusegeneticinformation [D]achievetheclaimedaccuracy 29.Inthelastparagraph,aproblemcommercialgenetictestingfacesis__________. [A]disorganizeddatacollection [B]overlappingdatabasebuilding 30.Anappropriatetitleforthetextismostlikelytobe__________. [A]ForsandAgainstsofDNAtesting [B]DNAtestingandIt’sproblems [C]DNAtestingoutsidethelab [D]liesbehindDNAtesting Text3 Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalikeprogressinbothareaisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatisit,becauseneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicalhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving. Ironically,thefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnitedStates.Notlongago,withthecountryenteringarecessingandJapanatitspre-bubblepeak.TheU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducatedandoneofprimarycauseofthepoorU.S.economicperformance.Japanwas,andremains,thegloballeaderinautomotive-assemblyproductivity.YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHondaNissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterepantsaresultofthetrainingthatU.S.workersreceivedonthejob. Morerecently,whileexaminghousingconstruction,theresearchersdiscoveredthatilliterate,non-English-speakingMexicanworkersinHouston,Texas,consistentlymetbest-practicelaborproductivitystandardsdespitethecomplexityofthebuildingindustry’swork. Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Wehavetosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit.Afterall,that’showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings. Aseducationimproved,humanity’sproductivitypotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducation,however,doesn’tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld’sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforestedfuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn’tdevelopingmorequicklytherethanitis. 31.Theauthorholdsinparagraph1thattheimportantofeducationinpoorcountries___________. [A]issubjectgroundlessdoubts [B]hasfallenvictimofbias [C]isconventionaldowngraded [D]hasbeenoverestimated 32.Itisstatedinparagraph1thatconstructionofaneweducationsystem__________. [A]challengeseconomistsandpoliticians [B]takeseffortsofgenerations [C]demandspriorityfromthegovernment [D]requiressufficientlaborforce 33.AmajordifferencebetweentheJapaneseandU.Sworkforcesisthat__________. [A]theJapaneseworkforceisbetterdisciplined [B]theJapaneseworkforceismoreproductive [C]theU.Sworkforcehasabettereducation [D]]theU.Sworkforceismoreorganize 34.Theauthorquotestheexampleofourancestorstoshowthateducationemerged__________. [A]whenpeoplehadenoughtime [B]priortobetterwaysoffindingfood [C]whenpeopleonlongerwenthung [D]asaresultofpressureongovernment 35.Accordingtothelastparagraph,developmentofeducation__________. [A]resultsdirectlyfromcompetitiveenvironments [B]doesnotdependoneconomicperformance [C]followsimprovedproductivity [D]cannotaffordpoliticalchanges Text4 Themostthoroughlystudiedinthehistoryofthenewworldaretheministersandpoliticalleadersofseventeenth-centuryNewEngland.AccordingtothestandardhistoryofAmericanphilosophy,nowhereelseincolonialAmericawas“Somuchimportantattachedtointellectualpursuits”Accordingtomanybooksandarticles,NewEngland’sleadersestablishedthebasicthemesandpreoccupationsofanunfolding,dominantPuritantraditioninAmericanintellectuallife. TotakethisapproachtotheNewEnglandersnormallymeantostartwiththePuritans’theologicalinnovationsandtheirdistinctiveideasaboutthechurch-importantsubjectsthatwemaynotneglect.Butinkeepingwithourexaminationofsouthernintellectuallife,wemayconsidertheoriginalPuritansascarriersofEuropeancultureadjustingtoNewworldcircumstances.TheNewEnglandcolonieswerethescenesofimportantepisodesinthepursuitofwidelyunderstoodidealsofcivilityandvirtuosity. TheearlysettlersofMassachusettsBayincludedmenofimpressiveeducationandinfluenceinEngland.`BesidestheninetyorsolearnedministerswhocametoMassachusettschurchinthedecadeafter1629,TherewerepoliticalleaderslikeJohnWinthrop,aneducatedgentleman,lawyer,andofficialoftheCrownbeforehejourneyedtoBoston.Theremenwroteandpublishedextensively,reachingbothNewWorldandOldWorldaudiences,andgivingNewEnglandanatmosphereofintellectualearnestness. Weshouldnotforget,however,thatmostNewEnglanderswerelesswelleducated.Whilefewcraftsmenorfarmers,letalonedependentsandservants,leftliterarycompositionstobeanalyzed,Theinthinkingoftenhadatraditionalsuperstitionsquality.AtailornamedJohnDane,whoemigratedinthelate1630s,leftanaccountofhisreasonsforleavingEnglandthatisfilledwithsigns.sexualconfusion,economicfrustrations,andreligioushope-allnametogetherinadecisivemomentwhenheopenedtheBible,toldhisfatherthefirstlinehesawwouldsettlehisfate,andreadthemagicalwords:“comeoutfromamongthem,touchnouncleanthing,andIwillbeyourGodandyoushallbemypeople.”OnewonderswhatDanethoughtofthecarefulsermonsexplainingtheBiblethatheheardinpuritanchurched. Meanwhile,manysettleshadslighterreligiouscommitmentsthanDane’s,asoneclergymanlearnedinconfrontingfolkalongthecoastwhomockedthattheyhadnotcometotheNewworldforreligion.“Ourmainendwastocatchfish.” 36.Theauthornotesthatintheseventeenth-centuryNewEngland___________. [A]Puritantraditiondominatedpoliticallife.[B]intellectualinterestswereencouraged. [C]Politicsbenefitedmuchfromintellectualendeavors. [D]intellectualpursuitsenjoyedaliberalenvironment. 37.Itissuggestedinparagraph2thatNewEnglanders__________. [A]experiencedacomparativelypeacefulearlyhistory.[B]broughtwiththemthecultureoftheOldWorld [C]paidlittleattentiontosouthernintellectuallife[D]wereobsessedwithreligiousinnovations 38.TheearlyministersandpoliticalleadersinMassachusettsBay__________. [A]werefamousintheNewWorldfortheirwritings [B]gainedincreasingimportanceinreligiousaffairs [C]abandonedhighpositionsbeforecomingtotheNewWorld[D]createdanewintellectualatmosphereinNewEngland 39.ThestoryofJohnDaneshowsthatlesswell-educatedNewEnglanderswereoften__________. [A]influencedbysuperstitions[B]troubledwithreligiousbeliefs [C]puzzledbychurchsermons[D]frustratedwithfamilyearnings 40.ThetextsuggeststhatearlysettlersinNewEngland__________. [A]weremostlyengagedinpoliticalactivities[B]weremotivatedbyanillusoryprospect [C]camefromdifferentbackgrounds.[D]leftfewformalrecordsforlaterreference PartB Directions: Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41-45), choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) CoincidingwiththegroundbreakingtheoryofbiologicalevolutionproposedbyBritishnaturalistCharlesDarwininthe1860s,BritishsocialphilosopherHerbertSpencerputforwardhisowntheoryofbiologicalandculturalevolution.Spencerarguedthatallworldlyphenomena,includinghumansocieties,changedovertime,advancingtowardperfection.41.____________. AmericansocialscientistLewisHenryMorganintroducedanothertheoryofculturalevolutioninthelate1800s.Morgan,alongwithTylor,wasoneofthefoundersofmodernanthropology.Inhiswork,heattemptedtoshowhowallaspectsofculturechangedtogetherintheevolutionofsocieties.42._____________. Intheearly1900sinNorthAmerica,German-bornAmericananthropologistFranzBoasdevelopedanewtheoryofcultureknownashistoricalparticularism.Historicalparticularism,whichemphasizedtheuniquenessofallcultures,gavenewdirectiontoanthropology.43._____________. Boasfeltthatthecultureofanysocietymustbeunderstoodastheresultofauniquehistoryandnotasoneofmanyculturesbelongingtoabroaderevolutionarystageortypeofculture.44._______________. HistoricalparticularismbecameadominantapproachtothestudyofcultureinAmericananthropology,largelythroughtheinfluenceofmanystudentsofBoas.Butanumberofanthropologistsintheearly1900salsorejectedtheparticularisttheoryofcultureinfavorofdiffusionism.Someattributedvirtuallyeveryimportantculturalachievementtotheinventionsofafew,especiallygiftedpeoplesthat,accordingtodiffusionists,thenspreadtoothercultures.45.________________. Alsointheearly1900s,FrenchsociologistÉmileDurkheimdevelopedatheoryofculturethatwouldgreatlyinfluenceanthropology.Durkheimproposedthatreligiousbeliefsfunctionedtoreinforcesocialsolidarity.Aninterestintherelationshipbetweenthefunctionofsocietyandculture—knownasfunctionalism—becameamajorthemeinEuropean,andespeciallyBritish,anthropology. [A] Otheranthropologistsbelievedthatculturalinnovations,suchasinventions,hadasingleoriginandpassedfromsocietytosociety.Thistheorywasknownasdiffusionism. [B] Inordertostudyparticularculturesascompletelyaspossible,Boasbecameskilledinlinguistics,thestudyoflanguages,andinphysicalanthropology,thestudyofhumanbiologyandanatomy. [C] Hearguedthathumanevolutionwascharacterizedbyastrugglehecalledthe"survivalofthefittest,"inwhichweakerracesandsocietiesmusteventuallybereplacedbystronger,moreadvancedracesandsocieties. [D] Theyalsofocusedonimportantritualsthatappearedtopreserveapeople'ssocialstructure,suchasinitiationceremoniesthatformallysignifychildren'sentranceintoadulthood. [E] Thus,inhisview,diverseaspectsofculture,suchasthestructureoffamilies,formsofmarriage,categoriesofkinship,ownershipofproperty,formsofgovernment,technology,andsystemsoffoodproduction,allchangedassocietiesevolved. [F] Supportersofthetheoryviewedasacollectionofintegratedpartsthatworktogethertokeepasocietyfunctioning. [G] Forexample,BritishanthropologistsGraftonElliotSmithandW.J.Perryincorrectlysuggested,onthebasisofinadequateinformation,thatfarming,potterymaking,andmetallurgyalloriginatedinancientEgyptanddiffusedthroughouttheworld.Infact,alloftheseculturaldevelopmentsoccurredseparatelyatdifferenttimesinmanypartsoftheworld. PartC Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) Thereisamarkeddifferencebetweentheeducationwhicheveryonegetsfromlivingwithothers,andthedeliberateeducatingoftheyoung.Intheformercasetheeducationisincidental;itisnaturalandimportant,butitisnottheexpressreasonoftheassociation.(46)Itmaybesaidthatthemeasureoftheworthofanysocialinstitutionisitseffectinenlargingandimprovingexperience;butthiseffectisnotapartofitsoriginalmotive.Religiousassociationsbegan,forexample,inthedesiretosecurethefavorofoverrulingpowersandtowardoffevilinfluences;familylifeinthedesiretogratifyappetitesandsecurefamilyperpetuity;systematiclabor,forthemostpart,becauseofenslavementtoothers,etc.(47)Onlygraduallywastheby-productoftheinstitutionnoted,andonlymoregraduallystillwasthiseffectconsideredasadirectivefactorintheconductoftheinstitution.Eventoday,inourindustriallife,apartfromcertainvaluesofindustriousnessandthrift,theintellectualandemotionalreactionoftheformsofhumanassociationunderwhichtheworld'sworkiscarriedonreceiveslittleattentionascomparedwithphysicaloutput. Butindealingwiththeyoung,thefactofassociationitselfasanimmediatehumanfact,gainsinimportance.(48)Whileitiseasytoignoreinourcontactwiththemtheeffectofouractsupontheirdisposition,itisnotsoeasyasindealingwithadults.Theneedoftrainingistooevident;thepressuretoaccomplishachangeintheirattitudeandhabitsistoourgenttoleavetheseconsequenceswhollyoutofaccount.(49)Sinceourchiefbusinesswiththemistoenablethemtoshareinacommonlifewecannothelpconsideringwhetherornoweareformingthepowerswhichwillsecurethisability.Ifhumanityhasmadesomeheadwayinrealizingthattheultimatevalueofeveryinstitutionisitsdistinctivelyhumaneffectwemaywellbelievethatthislessonhasbeenlearnedlargelythroughdealingswiththeyoung. (50)Wearethusledtodistinguish,withinthebroadeducationalprocesswhichwehavebeensofarconsidering,amoreformalkindofeducation--thatofdirecttuitionorschooling.Inundevelopedsocialgroups,wefindverylittleformalteachingandtraining.Thesegroupsmainlyrelyforinstillingneededdispositionsintotheyounguponthesamesortofassociationwhichkeepstheadultsloyaltotheirgroup. SectionⅢ Writing PartA 51.Directions: Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. "White pollution "is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to give your opinions briefly and make two or three suggestions You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. PartB 52. Directions: In your essay, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) give your comments. You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points) 2019年考研英语（一)试题答案 SectionI:UseofEnglish(10points) 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. D 11. D 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. C SectionII:ReadingComprehension(60points) PartA(40points) 21. C 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. B 33. B 34. C 35. C 36. B 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. C PartB(10points) 41. C 42. E 43. A 44. B 45. G PartC(10points) 46. 虽然我们可以说衡量任何一个社会机构价值的标准是其在丰富和完善人生方面所起的作用，但这种作用并不是我们最初的动机的组成部分。 47. 人们只是逐渐地才注意到机构的这—副产品，而人们把这种作用视为机构运作的指导性因素的过程则更为缓慢。 48. 虽然在与年轻人的接触中我们容易忽视自己的行为对他们的性情所产生的影响，然而在与成年人打交道时这种情况就不那么容易发生。 49. 由于我们对年轻人所做的首要工作在于使他们能够在生活中彼此相融，因此我们不禁要考虑自己是否在形成让他们获得这种能力的力量。 50. 这就使我们得以在一直讨论的广义的教育过程中进一步区分出一种更为正式的教育形式，即直接讲授或学校教育。 SectionIII:Writing(30points) PartA(10points) 51. 参考范文 DearEditor: Iamwritingthislettertodrawyourattentiontothedeterioratingsituationof“whitepollution”insomeregionsdespitetheimplementationofrestrictionsontheuseofplasticbags. Inordertoputaneffectivestoptothewidespreadof“whitepollution”,Iwouldliketomakethefollowingsuggestions.Firstly,thepriceofplasticbagsshouldbefurtherraised;Secondly,specialgovernmentdepartmentsshouldbeestablishedtosupervisethemakingandusingofplasticbagstoensuretheyareusedwhenreallyneeded. Ihopemysuggestionswouldbeofhelpandthankyouforyourattention. SincerelyYours LiMing PartB(20points) 52. 参考范文 Vividlydepictedinthecartoonisaraceofhumansonasocialnetworkthatareisolatedintheirownlittlecubicles.Theyareallsittinginfrontoftheircomputers,connectedtoeachotherthroughtheInternetandtheirdevotedlooksandposturesshowedtheiraddictiontotheInternet. Thiscartoon,Ibelieve,intendstodrawourattentionstothenegativeeffectstheInternethasbroughttoourdailylifeasitbringsinsomebenefits,suchaseasyaccesstoinformation,instantcommunicationwithpeoplefromafarandcheapcostofcommunication.ThemorepeoplearehookedtotheNet,themoreisolatedtheyarefromtherealworld.SincepeoplecaneasilypretendtheiridentitiesontheInternet,everythingonlinebecomesillusiveanduntrustworthy.TheInternet,whichwasintendedtobringpeopleclosertoeachother,ineffectpreventspeoplefrommakingrealacquaintancesthatonecanmakewithacasualexchangeofgreetingsandeye-contactinaface-to-facecommunication. Seriousconsequences,suchasfearofreal-timeinteractions,onlinecheatingorblackmailing,mayfollowiftheuseoftheInternetisnotbroughtundersystematiccontrol.IstronglysuggestthatpeopleonlyusetheInternetfornecessarybusinesstransactionsandpersonalcontactswiththosetheyhavealreadyknownfacetoface.