英语四六级阅读理解答案

四级第二套　SectionCPassageOne　Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Acrosstherichworld,well-educatedpeopleincreasinglyworklongerthantheless-skilled.Some65%ofAmericanmenaged62-74withaprofessionaldegreeareintheworkforce,comparedwith32%ofmenwithonlyahigh-schoolcertificate.Thisgapispartofadeepeningdividebetweenthewell-educatedwell-offandtheunskilledpoor.Rapidtechnologicaladvancehasraisedtheincomesofthehighlyskilledwhilesqueezingthoseoftheunskilled.Theconsequences,forindividualsandsociety,areprofound.Theworldisfacinganastonishingriseintheofoldpeople,andtheywilllivelongerthaneverbefore.Overthenext20yearstheglobalpopulationofthoseaged65ormorewillalmostdouble,from600milliontobillion.Theexperienceofthe20thcentury,whengreaterlongevity(长寿)translatedintomoreyearsinretirementratherthanmoreyearsatwork,haspersuadedmanyobserversthatthisshiftwillleadtoslowereconomicgrowth,whiletheswellingranksofpensionerswillcreategovernmentbudgetproblems.Butthenotionofasharpdivisionbetweentheworkingyoungandtheidleoldmissesanewtrend,thegrowinggapbetweentheskilledandtheunskilled.Employmentratesarefailingamongyoungerunskilledpeople,whereasolderskilledfolkareworkingdivideismostextremeinAmerica,wherewell-educatedbaby-boomers(二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)areputtingoffretirementwhilemanyless-skilledyoungerpeoplehaveabandonedpoliciesthatusedXtoretireearly.Risinglifeexpectancy(预期生命),combinedwiththereplace-Xpensionplanswithlessgenerousdefined-contributionones,meansthateventhebetter-offmustworklongertohaveacomfortableretirement.Butthechangingnatureofworkalsoplaysabigrole.Payhasrisensharplyforthehighlyeducated,andthosepeoplecontinuetoreaprichrewardsintooldagebecausethesedaystheeducatedelderlyaremoreproductivethattheprecedinggeneration.Technologicalchargemaywellreinforcethatshift;theskillsthatcomplementcomputers,frommanagementknowhowtocreativity,donotnecessarilydeclinewithage.ishappeningintheworkforceinrichcountries?　peoplearereplacingtheelderly.peopletendtoworklonger.ratesarerisingyearafteryear.withnocollagedegreedonoteasilyfindwork.【 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 】B　hashelpeddeepenthedividebetweenthewell-offandthepoor?lifeexpectancies.rapidtechnologicaladvance.changesintheworkforce.growingnumberofthewell-educated.【答案】B　domanyobserverspredictinviewoftheexperienceoftheexperienceofthe20thcentury?growthwillslowdown.budgetswillincrease.peoplewilltrytopursuehighereducation.willbemorecompetitioninthejobmarket.【答案】A　istheresultofpolicychangesinEuropeancountries?workersmaychoosetoretireearly.havetoreceivein-servicetraining.wealthypeoplemustworklongertolivecomfortablyinretirement.beabletoenjoygenerousdefined-benefitsfrompensionplans.【答案】Cischaracteristicofworkinthe21stcentury?willdomorecomplicatedwork.willbetheeducatedyoung.　jobstobedonewillbecreativeones.arehighlyvaluedregardlessofage.【答案】D　PassageTwoQuestions62to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　Someoftheworld'smostsignsignificantproblemshitheadlines.Oneexamplecomesfromagriculture.Foodriotsandhungermakenews.Butthetrendlyingbehindthesemattersisrarelytalkedabout.Thisisthedeclineinthegrowthinyieldsofsomeoftheworld'smajorcrops.AnewstudybytheUniversityofMinnesotaandMcGillUniversityinMontreallooksatwhere,andhowfar,thisdeclineisoccurring.　Theauthorstakeavastnumberofdatapointsforthefourmostimportantcrops:rice,wheat,cornandsoyabeans(大豆).Theyfindthatonbetween24%and39%ofallharvestedareas,theimprovementinyieldsthattookplacebeforethe1980ssloweddowninthe1990sand2000s.　Therearetwoworryingfeaturesoftheslowdown.Oneisthatithasbeenparticularlysharpintheworld'smostpopulous(人口多的)countries,IndiaandChina.Theirabilitytofeedthemselveshasbeenanimportantsourceofrelativestabilitybothwithinthecountriesandonworldfoodmarkets.Thatself-sufficiencycannotbetakenforgrantedifyieldscontinuetoslowdownorreverse.　Second,yieldgrowthhasbeenlowerinwheatandricethanincornandsoyabeans.Thisisproblematicbecausewheatandricearemoreimportantasfoods,accountingforaroundhalfofallcaloriesconsumed.Cornandsoyabeansaremoreimportantasfeedgrains.Theauthorsnotethat"wehavepreferentiallyfocusedourcropimprovementeffortsonfeedinganimalsandcarsratherthanoncropsthatfeedpeopleandarethebasisoffoodsecurityinmuchoftheworld."　Thereportqualifiesthemoreoptimisticfindingsofanothernewpaperwhichsuggeststhattheworldwillnothavetodigupalotmorelandforfarminginordertofeed9billionpeoplein2050,astheFoodandAgricultureOrganisationhasargued.　Instead,itsays,thankstoslowingpopulationgrowth,landcurrentlyploughedupforcropsmightbeabletorevert(回返)toforestorwilderness.Thiscouldhappen.Thetroubleisthattheforecastassumescontinuedimprovementsinyields,whichmaynotactuallyhappen.　doestheauthortrytodrawattentionto?　　riotsandhungerintheworld.　　declineofthegrainyieldgrowth.　headlinesintheleadingmedia.　　foodsupplyinpopulouscountries.　　【答案】B　　doestheauthormentionIndiaandChinainparticular?　self-sufficiencyisvitaltothestabilityofworldfoodmarkets.　　foodyieldshavebeguntodecreasesharplyinrecentyears.　　bigpopulationsarecausingworldwideconcerns.　　foodself-sufficiencyhasbeentakenforgranted.　　【答案】A　　doesthenewstudybythetwouniversitiessayaboutrecentcropimprovementefforts?　　failtoproducethesameremarkableresultsasbeforethe1980s.　　contributealottotheimprovementofhumanfoodproduction.　　playamajorroleinguaranteeingthefoodsecurityoftheworld.　　focusmoreontheincreaseofanimalfeedthanhumanfoodgrains.　【答案】D　　doestheFoodandAgricultureOrganisationsayaboutworldfoodproductioninthecomingdecades?　　growingpopulationwillgreatlyincreasethepressureonworldfoodsupplies.　　optimisticpredictionaboutfoodproductionshouldbeviewedwithcaution.　　slowdownofthegrowthinyieldsofmajorfoodcropswillbereversed.　　worldwillbeabletofeeditspopulationwithoutincreasingfarmland.　　【答案】D　　doestheauthorviewtheargumentoftheFoodandAgricultureOrganisation?　　isbuiltonthefindingsofanewstudy.　　isbasedonadoubtfulassumption.　　isbackedbystrongevidence.　　isopentofurtherdiscussion.【答案】B四级第一套　SectionC　　PassageOne　Question57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Ifyouthinkahigh-factorsunscreen(防晒霜)keepsyousafefromharmfulrays,youmaybewrong.Researchinthisweek'sNatureshowsthatwhilefactor50reducesthenumberofmelanomas(黑瘤)anddelaystheiroccurrence,itcan'tpreventthem.Melanomasarethemostaggressiveskincancers.Youhaveahigherriskifyouhaveredorblondhair,fairskin,blueorgreeneyes,orsunburneasily,orifacloserelativehashadone.Melanomasaremorecommonifyouhaveperiodicintenseexposuretothesun.Otherskincancersareincreasinglylikelywithlong-termexposure.　　Thereiscontinuingdebateastohoweffectivesunscreenisinreducingmelanomas—theevidenceisweakerthanitisforpreventingothertypesofskincancer.A2011Australianstudyof1,621peoplefoundthatpeoplerandomlyselectedtoapplysunscreendailyhadhalftherateofmelanomasofpeoplewhousedcreamasneeded.Asecondstudy,comparing1,167peoplewithmelanomasto1,101whodidn'thavethecancer,foundthatusingsunscreenroutinely,alongsideotherprotectionsuchashats,longsleevesorstayingintheshade,didgivesomeprotection.Thisstudysaidotherformsofsunprotection—notsunscreen—seemedmostbeneficial.Thestudyreliedonpeoplerememberingwhattheyhaddoneovereachdecadeoftheirlives,soit'snotentirelyreliable.Butitseemsreasonabletothinksunscreengivespeopleafalsesenseofsecurityinthesun.　　Manypeoplealsodon'tusesunscreenproperly-applyinginsufficientamounts,failingtoreapplyafteracoupleofhoursandstayinginthesuntoolong.Itissunburnthatismostworrying-recentshowsfiveepisodesofsunburnintheteenageyearsincreasestheriskofallskincancers.　　Thegoodnewsisthatacombinationofsunscreenandcoveringupcanreducemelanomarates,asshownbyAustralianfiguresfromtheirslip-slop-slapcampaign.Soifthereisaheatwavethissummer,itwouldbebestforus,too,tosliponashirt,slopon(抹上)sunscreenandslaponahat.　　57.【题干】Whatispeople'scommonexpectationofahigh-factorsunscreen?　　willdelaytheoccurrenceofskincancer.　　willprotectthemfromsunburn.　　willkeeptheirskinsmoothandfair.　　willworkforpeopleofanyskincolor.　　【答案】B　　58.【题干】WhatdoestheresearchinNaturesayaboutahigh-factorsunscreen?　　isineffectiveinpreventingmelanomas.　　isineffectiveincaseofintensesunlight.　　isineffectivewithlong-termexposure.　　isineffectiveforpeoplewithfairskin.　　【答案】C　　59.【题干】Whatdowelearnfromthe2011Australianstudyof1,621people?　　shouldbeappliedalongsideotherprotectionmeasures.　　peoplebenefitthemostfromtheapplicationofsunscreen.　　applicationofsunscreendoeswomenmoreharmthangood.　　applicationofsunscreenhelpsreducetheincidenceofmelanomas.　　【答案】D　　60.【题干】WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthesecondAustralianstudy?　　misleadspeopletorelyonsunscreenforprotection.　　helpspeopletoselectthemosteffectivesunscreen.　　isnotbasedondirectobservationofthesubjects.　　confirmstheresultsofthefirstAustralianstudy.　　【答案】D　　61.【题干】Whatdoestheauthorsuggesttoreducemelanomarates?　　bothcoveringupandsunscreen.　　intheshadewheneverpossible.　　coveringupinsteadofsunscreen.　　therightamountofsunscreen.　　【答案】A　　PassageTwo　　Questions62to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Acrosstherichworld,well-educatedpeopleincreasinglyworklongerthantheless-skilled.Some65%ofAmericanmenaged62-74withaprofessionaldegreeareintheworkforce,comparedwith32%ofmenwithonlyahigh-schoolcertificate.Thisgapispartofadeepeningdividebetweenthewell-educatedwell-offandtheunskilledpoor.Rapidtechnologicaladvancehasraisedtheincomesofthehighlyskilledwhilesqueezingthoseoftheunskilled.Theconsequences,forindividualsandsociety,areprofound.　　Theworldisfacinganastonishingriseinthenumberofoldpeople,andtheywilllivelongerthaneverbefore.Overthenext20yearstheglobalpopulationofthoseaged65ormorewillalmostdouble,from600milliontobillion.Theexperienceofthe20thcentury,whengreaterlongevity(长寿)translatedintomoreyearsinretirementratherthanmoreyearsatwork,haspersuadedmanyobserversthatthisshiftwillleadtoslowereconomicgrowth,whiletheswellingranksofpensionerswillcreategovernmentbudgetproblems.　　Butthenotionofasharpdivisionbetweentheworkingyoungandtheidleoldmissesanewtrend,thegrowinggapbetweentheskilledandtheunskilledpeople,whereasolderskilledfolkareworkinglonger.ThedivideismostextremeinAmerica,wherewell-educatedbaby-boomers(二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)areputtingoffretirementwhilemanyless-skilledyoungerpeoplehavedroppedoutoftheworkforce.　　Policyispartlyresponsible.ManyEuropeangovernmentshaveabandonedpoliciesthatusedtoencouragepeopletoretireearly.Risinglifeexpectancy(预期寿命),combinedwiththereplacementofgenerousdefined-benefitpensionplanswithlessgenerousdefined-contributionones,meansthateventhebetter-offmustworklongertohaveacomfortableretirement.Butthechangingnatureofworkalsoplaysabigrole.Payhasrisensharplyforthehighlyeducated,andthosepeoplecontinuetoreaprichrewardsintooldagebecausethesedaystheeducatedelderlyaremoreproductivethantheprecedinggeneration.Technologicalchangemaywellreinforcethatshift:theskillsthatcomplementcomputers,frommanagementknowhowtocreativity,donotnecessarilydeclinewithage.　　62.【题干】Whatishappeningintheworkforceinrichcountries?　　peoplearereplacingtheelderly.　　peopletendtoworklonger.　　ratesarerisingyearafteryear.　　withnocollegedegreedonoteasilyfindwork.　　【答案】B　　63.【题干】Whathashelpeddeepenthedividebetweenthewell-offandthepoor?　　lifeexpectancies.　　changesintheworkforce.　　rapidtechnologicaladvance.　　growingnumberofthewell-educated.　　【答案】C　64.【题干】Whatdomanyobserverspredictinviewoftheexperienceofthe20thcentury?　growthwillslowdown.　　budgetswillincrease.　　peoplewilltrytopursuehighereducation.　　willbemorecompetitioninthejobmarket.　【答案】A　　65.【题干】WhatistheresultofpolicychangesinEuropeancountries?　　workersmaychoosetoretireearly.　　peoplehavetoreceivein-servicetraining.　　wealthypeoplemustworklongertolivecomfortablyinretirement.　　maybeabletoenjoygenerousdefined-benefitsfrompensionplans.　　【答案】C　　66.【题干】Whatischaracteristicofworkinthe21stcentury?　　willdomorecomplicatedwork.willbetakenbytheeducatedyoung.　　jobstobedonewillbecreativeones.　　arehighlyvaluedregardlessofage.　　【答案】D四级卷三56.C)Thedeclineofthegrainyieldgrowth.57.A)Theirself-sufficiencyisvitaltothestabilityofworldfoodmarkets.58.D)Theyfocusmoreontheincreaseofanimalfeedthanhumanfoodgrains.59.D)Theworldwillbeabletofeeditspopulationwithoutincreasingfarmland.60.B)Itisbasedonadoubtfulassumption.61.A)Morementakinganextendedparentalleave.62.C)Theirnumberistoosmalltomakeadifference。63.A)Alongleavewillhaveanegativeimpactontheircareer.64.C)Surprise六级卷一56.57.moneyintothemarketthroughassetbuying.58.finacialregulation.possessesstrongpersuasivepower.61.B.Attendtheschooloncetheyareadmitted.62.A.Tomakesuretheygetqualifiedstudents.63.C.Itallowsthemlittletimetomakeinformedchoice.64.D.Itplacesstudentsfromlower-incomefamiliesatadisadvantage.65.B.Avoidchoosingearlydecisionunlesstheyarefullyprepared.六级卷二PassageOne56A)Togettheirshareofcleanair.57C)Offeringpreferentialtreatmenttowealthycountries.58B)Ourrelationshiptotheplantworld.59D)Bypoolingtheireffortstogether.60C)Sharelifewithnature.PassageTwo61B)Attendtheschooloncetheyareadmitted.62A)Tomakesuretheygetqualifiedstudents.63C)Itallowsthemlittletimetomakeinformeddecisions.64D)Itplacesstudentsfromlower-incomefamiliesatadisadvantage.65B)Avoidchoosingearlydecisionunlesstheyarefullyprepared.