2010excel303b

国内（地区）生产总值 指按市场价格计算的一个国家（或地区）所有常住单位在一定时期内生产活动的最终成果。国内（地区）生产总值有三种计算方法，即生产法、收入法和支出法。三种方法分别从不同的方面反映国内生产总值及其构成。 增加值 指常住单位生产过程创造的新增价值和固定资产的转移价值。它可以按生产法计算，也可以按收入法计算，按生产法计算，它等于总产出减去中间投入；按收入法计算，它等于劳动者报酬、生产税净额、固定资产折旧和营业盈余之和。 劳动者报酬 指劳动者因从事生产活动所获得的全部报酬。包括劳动者获得的各种形式的工资、奖金和津贴，既有货币形式的，也有实物形式的，还包括劳动者所享受的公费医疗和医药卫生费、上下班交通补贴、单位支付的社会保险费、住房公积金等。对于个体经济来说，其所有者所获得的劳动报酬和经营利润不易区分，这两部分统一作为劳动者报酬处理。 生产税净额 指生产税减生产补贴后的差额。生产税指政府对生产单位从事生产、销售和经营活动以及因从事生产活动使用某些生产要素（如固定资产、土地、劳动力）所征收的各种税、附加费和规费。生产补贴与生产税相反，指政府对生产单位的单方面转移支付，因此视为负生产税，包括政策性亏损补贴、价格补贴等。 固定资产折旧 指一定时期内为弥补固定资产损耗按照规定的固定资产折旧率提取的固定资产折旧，或按国民经济核算统一规定的折旧率虚拟计算的固定资产折旧。它反映了固定资产在当期生产中的转移价值。各类企业和企业化管理的事业单位的固定资产折旧是指实际计提的折旧费；不计提折旧的政府机关、非企业化管理的事业单位和居民住房的固定资产折旧是按照统一规定的折旧率和固定资产原值计算的虚拟折旧。原则上，固定资产折旧应按固定资产的重置价值计算，但是目前我国尚不具备对全社会固定资产进行重估价的基础，所以暂时还不能采用这种办法。 营业盈余 指常住单位创造的增加值扣除劳动者报酬、生产税净额和固定资产折旧后的余额。它相当于企业的营业利润加上生产税补贴，但要扣除从利润中开支的工资和福利等。 支出法国内（地区）生产总值 指一个国家（或地区）所有常住单位在一定时期内用于最终消费、资本形成总额，以及货物和服务净出口的总额，它反映本期生产的国内生产总值的使用情况。 最终消费 指常住单位在一定时期内对于货物和服务的全部最终消费支出，也就是常住单位为满足物质、文化和精神生活的需要，从本国经济领土和国外购买的货物和服务的支出，不包括非常住单位在本国经济领土内的消费支出。最终消费分为居民消费和政府消费。 居民消费 指常住住户对货物和服务的全部最终消费支出。它除了常住住户直接以货币形式购买货物和服务的消费之外，还包括以其他方式获得的货物和服务的消费，即单位以实物报酬及实物转移的形式提供给劳动者的货物和服务；住户生产并由住户自己消费的货物和服务，其中的服务仅指住户的自有住房服务和付酬的家庭服务；金融机构提供的金融媒介服务；保险公司提供的保险服务。 政府消费 指政府部门为全社会提供公共服务的消费支出和免费或以较低价格向住户提供的消费货物和服务净支出。前者等于政府服务的产出价值减去政府单位所获得的经营收入后的价值，政府服务的产出价值等于它的经常性业务支出加上固定资产折旧；后者等于政府部门免费或以较低价格向住户提供的货物和服务的市场价值减去向住户收取的价值。 资本形成总额 指常住单位在一定时期内获得的减去处置的固定资产加存货的净变动额，包括固定资本形成总额和存货增加。 固定资本形成总额 指生产者在一定时期内获得的固定资产减处置的固定资产的价值总额。固定资产是通过生产活动生产出来的，其使用年限在一年以上，单位价值在规定MATCH_ word word文档格式规范word作业纸小票打印word模板word简历模板免费word简历 _1713501668606_0以上的资产，不包括自然资产。固定资本形成总额分有形固定资本形成总额和无形固定资本形成总额。有形固定资本形成总额包括一定时期内完成的建筑 工程 路基工程安全技术交底工程项目施工成本控制工程量增项单年度零星工程技术标正投影法基本原理 、安装工程、设备工器具购置（减处置）价值以及土地改良、新增役、种、奶、毛、 娱乐用牲畜和新增经济林木价值。无形固定资本形成总额包括矿藏的勘探、计算机软件等获得减处置。 存货增加 指常住单位存货实物量变动的市场价值，即期末价值减期初价值的差额，再扣除当期由于价格变动而产生的持有收益。存货增加可以是正值，也可以是负值；正值表示存货增加，负值表示存货减少。它包括生产单位购进的原材料、燃料和储备物资等存货，以及生产单位生产的产成品、在制品存货等。 货物和服务净流出 指货物和服务流出减货物和服务流入的差额。流出包括常住单位向非常住单位出售或无偿转让的各种货物和服务的价值；流入包括常住单位从非常住单位购买或无偿得到的各种货物和服务价值。由于服务活动的提供与使用同时发生，因此服务的流入流出业务并不发生出入境现象，一般把常住单位从非常住单位得到的服务作为流入，常住单位向非常住单位提供的服务作为流出。 三次产业 根据社会生产活动历史发展的顺序对产业结构的划分，产品直接取自自然界的部门称为第一产业，初级产品进行再加工的部门称为第二产业，为生产和消费提供各种服务的部门称为第三产业。它是世界上通用的产业结构分类，但各国的划分不尽一致。我国的三次产业划分是： 第一产业是指农、林、牧、渔业。 第二产业是指采矿业，制造业，电力、燃气及水的生产和供应业，建筑业。 第三产业是指除第一、二产业以外的其他行业。第三产业包括：交通运输、仓储和邮政业，信息传输、计算机服务和软件业，批发和零售业，住宿和餐饮业，金融业，房地产业，租赁和商务服务业，科学研究、技术服务和地质勘查业，水利、环境和公共设施管理业，居民服务和其他服务业，教育，卫生、社会保障和社会福利业，文化、体育和娱乐业，公共管理和社会组织，国际组织。 Gross Domestic (Regional) Product refers to the final products at market prices produced by all resident units in a country (or a region) during a certain period of time. It is calculated with three approaches, i.e. production approach, income approach and expenditure approach, which reflect gross domestic product and its composition from different aspects. Value-added refers to value newly created in the process of production by resident units and the transfer value of fixed assets. It can be calculated by both production approach and income approach. In terms of production approach, it is the total output minus intermediate input. In terms of income approach, it is the summation of laborers’ remuneration, net taxes on production, depreciation of fixed assets and operating surplus. Laborers’ Remuneration refers to the whole payment of various forms earned by laborers from productive activities they are engaged in, including wages, bonuses and allowances earned in monetary form and in kind, as well as free medical services provided to the laborers and the medicine expenses, traffic subsidies, and social insurance fee and housing fund paid by the laborers’ working units for them. In terms of individual economy, since laborers’ remuneration is not easily distinguished from the operating profit, both are treated as laborers’ remuneration. Net Taxes on Production refers to the residual of the taxes on production minus the subsidies on production. The taxes on production refers to the various taxes, extra charges and fees levied on the production units on their production, sale and business activities as well as on some factors of production, such as fixed assets, land and labor force, used in the production activities they are engaged in. In contrast to the taxes on production, the subsidies on production refer to the unilateral transfer of part of the 〖BF〗government’s〖BFQ〗 revenue to the production units and are therefore regarded as negative taxes on production. They include subsidies on the loss due to implementation of government policies and price subsidies, etc. Depreciation of Fixed Assets refers to the depreciation of fixed assets of a given period, drawn in accordance with the stipulated depreciation rate for the purpose of compensating the wear loss of the fixed assets or the depreciation of fixed assets calculated in a fictitious way in accordance with the stipulated unified depreciation rate in the national economic accounting system. It reflects the value of transfer of the fixed assets in the production of the current period. The depreciation of fixed assets in various enterprises and institutions managed as enterprises refers to the depreciation expenses actually drawn and calculated as part of the cost. In government agencies and institutions not managed as enterprises which do not draw the depreciation expenses, as well as for the houses of residents, the depreciation of fixed assets is the imputed depreciation, which is calculated in accordance with the stipulated unified depreciation rate and the original value of the fixed assets. In principle, the depreciation of fixed assets should be calculated on the basis of the repurchase value of the fixed assets. However, there is no actual condition to reevaluate all the fixed assets in China. Therefore, the above-mentioned methods are temporarily adopted at present. Operating Surplus refers to the balance of the value-added created by the resident units deducting the laborers’ remuneration, net taxes on production and the depreciation of fixed assets. It is equivalent to the business profit of the enterprises plus subsidies on production, but the wages and welfare expenses paid from the profits should be deducted. Gross Domestic (Regional) Product Calculated by Expenditure Approach refers to total expenditure on final consumption, total capital formation and net exports of goods and services by resident units of a country in a certain period of time. It reflects the use of gross domestic product produced in the current period. Final Consumption refers to the total expenditure of resident units on final consumption of goods and services in a certain period, namely the expenditure of the resident units for purchases of goods and services from domestic economic territory and abroad to meet the requirements of material, cultural and spiritual life. It excludes the expenditure of nonresident units on consumption in the economic territory of the country. The final consumption is classified into household consumption and government consumption. Household Consumption refers to the total expenditure of resident households on the final consumption of goods and services. In addition to the consumption of goods and services paid for in monetary form by the resident households , the expenditure on goods and services obtained by the resident households in other ways is also included in the household consumption, which includes: (a) goods and services provided to the households by the units in the form of payment in kind and transfer in kind; (b) goods and services produced and consumed by the households themselves, where services refer only to services related to residential buildings owned by the households and paid services for the households; (c) services of financial intermediary provided by financial institutions; and (d) insurance services provided by insurance companies. Government Consumption refers to the expenditure on the consumption of public services provided by the government to the whole society and the net expenditure on goods and services provided by the government for households free of charge or at low prices. The former equals the output value of the government services minus the value of operating income obtained by the government departments. The latter equals the market value of goods and services provided by the government free of charge or at low prices for households minus the value charged by the government on households. Total Capital Formation refers to the net value of change within a certain period calculated as fixed assets acquired minus those disposed plus inventory, which includes total fixed assets formation and increase in inventory. Total Fixed Capital Formation refers to the value of fixed assets acquired minus the value of fixed assets disposed within a certain period, where fixed assets refer to assets produced through productive activities with a term of use of over one year and a unit price above designated standards, excluding natural assets. Total fixed capital formation can be classified into total tangible assets formation and total intangible assets formation. Total tangible assets formation includes the value of the construction projects, installation projects completed and the equipment, apparatus and instruments purchased as well as the value of land improved, the value of draught animals, breeding stock, milk, wool and recreational animals and newly-increased economic forest in a certain period. Total intangible assets formation includes value acquired through the prospecting of minerals, computer software, and other operations minus the disposal of them. Increase in Inventory refers to the market value of the change in inventory in resident units, i.e. the difference in value between the beginning and the end of the period minus benefits aquired through the posession of inventory that have appreciated during the period. The increase in inventory can be positive or negative. A positive value indicates the increase in stock while a negative value indicates the decrease in stock. The inventory includes the raw materials, fuels and reserve materials purchased by the production units as well as the inventory of finished products, semi-finished products and work in progress, etc. Net Outflow of Goods and Services refers to the difference between the outflow of goods and services andthe inflow of goods and services. The outflow includes the value of various goods and services sold or gratuitously transferred by resident units to nonresident units. The inflow includes the value of various goods and services purchased or gratuitously acquired by resident units from non-resident units. As the provision of services and the use of them happen simultaneously, the inflow and outflow of services do not involve border crossing. The acquisition of services by the resident units from nonresident units is usually treated as inflow while the provision of services by the resident units for nonresident units is usually treated as outflow. Three Industries are the classification of industrial structure according to the historical sequence of development of social production. Primary industry refers to direct extraction of natural resources; secondary industry involves processing of primary products; and tertiary industry provides services of various kinds for production and consumption. Such classification is a common practice in the world, though grouping varies to some extent from country to country. In China the three industries are defined as follows: Primary industry refers to farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery. Secondary industry refers to mining, manufacturing, production and supply of electric power, water and gas, and construction. Tertiary industry: refers to all other industries not included in primary or secondary industry, including transport, storage and post, information transmission, computer services and software, wholesale and retail trades, hotels and catering services, financial intermediation, real estate, leasing and business services, scientific research, technical services, and geological prospecting, management of water conservancy, environment and public facilities, services to households and other services, education, health care, social security and social welfare, culture, sports and recreation, public administration and social organizations, and international organizations.ns, and international organizations. 84 85