考博真题汇总石油勘探研究院March, 2003myc

Ph. D Entrance Examination in English March, 2003 Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (20 minutes, 20 points) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C, and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. (Example………………………………略) 1. A. Swimming. B. Playing tennis. C. Boating. D. Playing table tennis. 2. A. She is going to Finland. B. She has visitors next week. C. She has guests at her home. D. She has just visited him this week. 3. A Get some coins at the cafe. B. Buy her a cup of coffee at the cafe. C. Get some coffee from the machine. D. Try to fix the machine. 4. A. They spent three hundred dollars on their vacation. B. They drew more money than they should have from the bank. C. They lost their bankbook. D. They had only three hundred dollars in the bank. 5. A. To find out her position in the company. B. To apply for a job. C. To offer her a position in the company. D. To make an appointment with the sales manager. 6. A. He is surprised. B. He feels very happy. C. He is indifferent. D. He feels very angry. 7. A. He has not cleaned his room since Linda visited him. B. Linda is the only person who ever comes to see him. C. He’s been too busy to clean his room. D. Cleaning is the last thing he wants to do. 8. A. She is generous woman by nature. B. It doesn’t have a back cover. C. She feels the man’s apology is enough. D. It is no longer of any use to her. 9. A. To remind him of the data he should take to the conference. B. To see if he is ready for the coming conference. C. To tell him something about the conference. D. To help him prepare for the conference. 10. A. The long wait. B. The broken-down computer. C. The mistakes in her telephone bill. D. The bad telephone service. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 11 to13 are based on the passage you have just heard. 11. A. About 45 million. B. About 50 million. C. About 5.4 million. D. About 4.5 million. 12. A. The actors and actresses are not paid for their performance. B. The actors and actresses only perform in their own communities. C. They exist only in small communities. D. They only put on shows that are educational. 13. A. It provides them with the opportunity to watch performances for free. B. It provides them with the opportunity to make friends. C. It gives them the chance to do something creative. D. It gives them a chance to enjoy modern art. Passage Two Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard. 14. A. They are usually more clever. B. They get tired easily. C. They are more likely to make minor mental errors. D. They are more skillful in handling equipment. 15. A. It had its limitations. B. Its results were regarded as final. C. It was supported by the government. D. It was not sound theoretically. 16. A. Their lack of concentration resulting from mental stress. B. The lack of consideration them in equipment design. C. The probability to their getting excited easily. D. Their slowness in responding. Passage Three Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard. 17. A. 18 American undergraduates. B. 18 American postgraduates. C. 18 overseas undergraduates. D. 18 overseas postgraduates 18. A. Family relations. B. social problems C. Family planning. D. Personal matters. 19. A. Red. B. Blue. C. Green. D. Purple. 20. A. The five questions were not well designed. B. Not all the questionnaires were returned. C. Only a small number of students were sure surveyed. D. Some of the answers of the questionnaire were not valid. Part Ⅱ Vocabulary and Structure (15 minutes 10 points) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 21. Chaucer has been called the Father of English Poetry by generations. A. aggressive B. progressive C. successive D. comprehensive 22. Most authorities believe that urban crime from a combination of poverty, poor education and a lack of opportunity. A. rises B. raises C. arises D. arouses 23. A(n) animal is one that is kept on a farm to produce food or in someone’s home as a pet. A. domestic B. obedient C. homely D. civilized 24. The houses with even numbers are on left side of the street and those with numbers are on the right. A. unequal B. irregular C. odd D. indifferent 25. The people who objected to building the new park were told that since work had already started there was no point . A. in protesting B. to protest C. against protesting D. for protesting 26. A few hours of sleep were sufficient to relieve the of a long journey. A. effect B. intensity C. fatigue D. consequence 27. The boy splashed each other in the water and with excitement. A. shielded B. shrieked C. shrinked D. shivered 28. When the storm broke, the flock of sheep were in all directions. A. straying B. dispersing C. separating. D. distributing 29. Clothes, cooking utensils, and ornaments were all on the ground for sale. A. laid aside B. laid down C. laid off D. laid out 30. The is approaching Trafalgar Square where it will be joined by another group of demonstrators. A. procession B. assembly C. petition D. regiment 31. At last I the article that I had been looking for in the university library. A. run down B. ran into C. ran out D. run off 32. You will find it worthwhile to keep good terms with the supervisor of your department. A. at B. in C. on D. to 33. , China’s large and mediumsized state-run enterprises need to improve their management right now. A. As it should be B. As it must be C. As it is D. As it were 34. As a student of Chinese literature, she enjoys giving of poems by her favourite poets. A. recreations B. recitation C. repetitions D. rehearsals 35. Since a circle has no beginning or end, the wedding ring is a symbol of love. A. constant B. infinite C. prolonged D. eternal 36. Hard as he tried, the speaker could not his point of view to the audience. A. put across B. put away C. put forward D. substantial 37. Being a foreign student, Lewis did not the joke made by the Chinese teacher. A. catch up with B. catch on to C. catch at D. catch out 38. The survival of some wild animals is not very high as they are ruthlessly hunted for their skins. A. ratio B. rate C. scale D. standard 39. According to zoologists, animal populations at a given time are by food supplies at that time. A. governed B. sustained C. restricted D. manipulated 40. The house they’ve bought is in very bad repair. The old boiler in the kitchen needs . A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seeing to Part Ⅲ Close Test (10 minutes, 10 points) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and B. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. In a telephone survey of more than 2,000 adults, 21% said they believed the sun revolved around the earth. An 41 7% did not know which revolved around 42 . I have no doubt that 43 . all of these people were 44 in school that the earth revolves around the sun; 45 may even have written it 46 a test. But they never 47 their incorrect mental models of planetary 48 because their everyday observation didn’t support 49 their teachers told them: People see the sun “moving” 50 the sky as morning turns to night, and the earth seems stationary 51 that is happening. Students can learn the right answers 52 heart in class, and yet never combined them 53 their working models of the world. The objectively correct answer the professor accepts and the 54 personal understanding of the world can 55 side by side, each unaffected by the other. Outside of class the student continues to use the 56 model because it has always worked well 57 that circumstance. Unless professors address 58 errors in students’ personal models of the world, students are not 59 to replace them with the 60 one. 41. A. excessive B. extra C. additional D. added 42. A. what B. which C. that D. other 43. A. virtually B. remarkably C. ideally D. preferably 44. A. learned B. suggested C. taught D. advised 45. A. those B. these C. who D. they 46. A. on B. with C. under, D. for 47. A. formed B. altered C. believed D. thought 48. A. operation B. position C. motion D. location 49. A. how B. which C. that D. what 50. A. around B. across C. on D. above 51. A. since B. so C. while D. for 52. A. to B. by C. in D. with 53. A. with B. into C. to D. along 54. A. adult’s B. teacher’s C. scientist’s D. student’s 55. A. exist B. occur C. survive D. maintain 56. A. private B. individual C. personal D. own 57. A. in B. with C. on D. for 58. A. general B. natural C. similar D. specific 59. A. obliged B. likely C. probable D. partial 60. A. perfect B. better C. reasonable D. correct Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (55 minutes, 25 points) Directions: There are 6 reading passage in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. Passage 1: Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin-deep. One’s physical assets and liabilities don’t count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best. Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than, 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not-so-beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than of us realized. The date suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted. Un-American, you say, unfair and extremely unbelievable? Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group-college students, perhaps, or teachers or corporate personnel managers－a piece of paper relating to an individual’s accomplishment. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted. Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the position is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good. In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest, But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire to managerial positions do not get on as well as woman who may be less attractive. 61. According to the author, people wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as a manager . A. person’s property or debts do not matter much B. a person’s outward appearance is not a critical qualification C. women should always dress fashionably D. women should not only be attractive but also high-minded 62. The results from social research done by social scientists indicate that . A. people do not realize the importance of looking one’s best B. women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid well C. good-looking women aspire to managerial position D. attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not 63. Experiments have shown that when people evaluate individuals on certain attributes . A. they observe the principle that beauty is only skin-deep B. they do not usually act according to the views they support C. they give ordinary-looking persons the lowest ratings D. they tend to base their judgment on the individual’s accomplishments 64. “Good looks cut both ways for women”(Para. 5)means that . A. attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobs B. good-looking women always get the best of everything C. being attractive is not always an advantage for women D. attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions 65. It can be inferred from the passage that in business world . A. handsome men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women are B. physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite well C. physically attractive men and women who are in the public eye usually get along well D. good looks are important for women as they are for men Passage 2: Questions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage “Extraordinary”, “stupendous”, “mind-boggling” and “frightening” were the words on everyone’s lips. They said it couldn’t happen before 2050, but now that an adult sheep has been cloned, there seems to be technical reason why we could not do the same with people. Although Dolly was created in Britain, where human cloning is banned, researchers elsewhere face no such restrictions. In the U. S., for example, research into reproduction is all in the unregulated private sector, though President Bill Clinton has now ordered a review of the implications of the breakthrough. This may lead to curbs on private experimentation as well. “In many ways cloning could offer enormous benefit,” says Simon Fishel, a scientific researchers in Nottingham. “You could clone from an adult or child that is sick to produce embroyonic stem cells that could be used to repair that individual’s damaged tissues.” Potentially, scientists could even create brain-dead copies of humans as sources of perfectly-matched organ transplants, Fishel believes. But the prospect of “carbon-copy humans” was a prime concern in submissions to Britain’s Warnock Committee, which reported in 1984 on the ethics of test-tube babies and such research. “People felt a kind of horror producing clones”, says Mary Warnock. “I don’t share this feeling-one doesn’t object to identical twins, after all. But I would need to be convinced that there is a reason for doing it in humans.” Other ethical commentators are more forthright in their objections.“In my view, the current prohibition on human cloning should remain in force,” says Margaret Brazier, professor of law at Manchester University. If brain-dead clones were nurtured and used as organ banks, she says, “this would radically change the nature of what it is to be human.” “And if a clone was allowed to develop as a normal child,” Brazier adds, “who would be responsible for her welfare, who would be her parents, how would she cope psychologically and socially?” Richard Nicholson, editor of the Bulletin of Medical Ethics, comments: “This sort of experiment seems to be based on the notion that knowledge is more important than anything else. Is it the right way forward to allow such research, given the possibilities for misuse?” 66. What does Mary Warnock think of the possibility of human cloning? A. It all depends on the productivity of human beings. B. It is aw terrible thing but we have to do it. C. It is not bad but we must make sure if it is necessary. D. We may need it but not now. 67. How did the people react to the news about Dolly’s birth? A. They believe that human knowledge develops so fast. B. They were surprised at the rapid development in science. C. They applauded such a great invention. D. They objected such a possibility because of surprise. 68. What attitude do ethical commentators take towards experimentation with human cloning? A. They believe that knowledge is more important than anything else. B. They advised scientists not to give up cloning. C. They are more concerned with the moral features of science. D. They support the new technology for its usefulness. 69. Simon Fishel advocates the opinion that . A. cloning is beneficial and moral problems can be avoided. B. cloning should be banned due to its moral side-effect. C. cloning offers a possibility of reproducing people. D. cloning may cause social and welfare problems. 70. According to the passage, we can conclude that the author A. tends to object cloning B. tends to advocate cloning C. does not draw a conclusion D. has an obvious doubt over cloning Passage 3: Questions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage Divorce may be viewed as a way to correct social mistakes and incompatibility. In the 1940s, for example, there was a surge of marriage in the early 1940s as young Americans went off to war, and at the end of the war there was a surge of divorces in 1945-1947, apparently correcting impetuous mistakes. There was even a greater surge in post-war marriages. Divorce is seen by many as the death knell of family values. On the other hand, a high divorce rate could be seen as a positive social indicator. It represents an unequivocal rejection of a bad marriage. For the first time anywhere in a mass society, the U. S. has had the income, the wealth and prosperity, and the broad knowledge base to allow people previously trapped in lifelong misery to reject that state and search for a better marriage. The evidence is clear, since the majority of divorced people either remarry or would remarry. Divorce rates fell below 10 per 1000 married women between 1953 and 1964, then surged to a high of almost 23 per 1000 married women in 1978. Divorces have continued about 20-21 per 1000 for the last decade. Commitment to marriage continues, as demonstrated in the fact that the majority of divorced people remarry. One-third of all marriages in 1988 were remarriages for one or both partners. The average time until remarriage is about two and a half years. The shorter life-spans of many families has led to serial marriages. Almost surely there will continue to be people who have three, four, or five spouses, without any intervening widowhood. In the long term, it is much more likely that society will settle down into a pattern of later marriage, earlier sexual engagement, and much more careful and effective selection of life mates. 71. According to the passage, most people divorce because . A. they want to get rid of their families B. they want better marriages C. they want to be single D. they want to remarry 72. What can be inferred from the surge of marriages in the early 1940s? A. Soldiers usually married after they went into war. B. People married because they were afraid of war. C. Soldiers often married quickly before they went into war. D. people married because they need a family to depend on. 73. Divorce is socially positive in that . A. people are wealthy and powerful to be independent. B. people are capable of finding better marriages C. people are very knowledgeable D. people are living in a new society 74. We can infer from the figures that . A. divorce is not necessarily related with war B. divorce is the only correction for mistakes C. people want divorce only when they are rich D. divorce is good for the society 75. The author’s attitude to divorce is . A. moderately positive B. moderately negative C. unbearably disgusted D. strongly tolerant Passage 4: Questions 76 to 80 are based on the following passage The link between flow and happiness depends on whether the flow producing activity is complex, whether it leads to new challenges and hence to personal and cultural growth. There are many things that people enjoy: the pleasure of the body, power and fame, material possessions. Strangely enough, even though means to obtain it are widely different, the resulting feeling of well-being is very much same. But that does not mean that all forms of enjoyment are equally worth pursuing. Twenty-five centuries ago, Plato wrote that the most important task for a society was to teach the young to find pleasure in the right objects. Plato was conservative even for his times, so he had rather definite ideas about what those “right things” should be. We are much too sophisticated today to have strong feelings in the matter. Yet we probably agree that we would feel better if our children learned to enjoy cooperation rather than violence; reading rather than stealing; playing chess rather than watching television. No matter how relativistic and tolerant we have become, we still have priorities, and we want young people to share them. Many of us suspect that the next generation will not preserve what we value unless they now enjoy it to some extent. Children grow up believing that football players and rock singers must be happy, and they envy high-profile entertainers for what they think must be fabulous, fulfilling lives. Adults, themselves often deluded by infatuation with fatuous models, conspire in the deception. Neither parents nor schools are very effective at teaching the young to find pleasure in the right things. They make serious tasks seem dull and hard and frivolous ones exciting and easy. Schools generally fail to teach how beautiful science and mathematics can be; they teach the routine of literature and history rather than the adventure. It is in this sense that creative individuals live exemplary lives. They show how joyful and interesting complex symbolic activity can be. With the help of parents and a few visionary teachers, they have become pioneers of culture, models for what men and women of the future will be. It is by following their example that human consciousness will grow beyond the limitations of the past, the programs that genes and cultures have wired into our brains. Perhaps our children, or their children, will feel more joy in writing poetry and solving theorems than in being passively entertained. The lives of creative individuals reassure us that it is possible. 76. What does the author mean by using the word “flow” in the first paragraph? A. Doing things creative. B. Doing things like others do. C. Routine work. D. Pleasant things. 77. According to the passage, what should children know? A. Playing football and singing rock songs. B. Learning literature and history. C. Preserving our values. D. Find pleasure in creative learning. 78. The author cites Plato to . A. tell us what people used to enjoy B. show the importance of creativity C. tell the importance of learning the right objects D. inform us about the philosopher 79. What can be inferred about the author’s attitude to modern education? A. Modern education needs modifications to be creative and pleasant. B. Modern education must cooperate with home education. C. It is difficult to do something creative. D. It is easy for children to follow various entertainers as examples. 80. According to the author, what should modern men learn from creative people? A. The quality of doing dull things persistently. B. The curiosity to know new things. C. The motivation to please the public. D. The quality of finding pleasure in creative activities. Passage 5: Questions 80 to 85 are based on the following passage Natural gas began with the plant and animal life of the earth’s prehistoric seas. Dead organisms settled on the ocean floor and were covered by layers of mud, silt, and sand. Over time, the organic matter was changed into gas and oil through decay, heat, and pressure, and the layers of mud, silt, and sand were compressed into solid rock. As millions of years passed, these rock layers shifted, and accumulations of gas and oil were displaced and became trapped beneath masses of rock. Primitive man discovered natural gas quite by accident. The temple fires of Baku on the Caspian Sea were fired by natural gas seeping from rock cracks, and worshipers of fire journeyed to Baku from as far away as India. The mysterious ‘burning springs’in North America and elsewhere were also evidence of escaping gas, probably ignited by lightning. The first industrial application of natural gas was made by Chinese. Gas transported by bamboo pipes was burned to produce salt. Today there are some twenty-six thousand industrial uses for natural gas, and new uses are constantly being developed. Gas manufactured from coal was first produced early in the seventeenth century. Because of its puzzling nature, it was called geest, meaning ‘ghost’-hence, some say, our word gas. 81. The original materials for natural gas were prehistoric . A. plant life B. animal life C. minerals D. both A and B 82. Over time, layers covering these materials changed to . A. rock B. oil C. mud D. all of the above 83. One detail NOT given about the first industrial application of gas is that . A. it occurred about 3000 years ago B. The Chinese were the users C. The gas was transported in bamboo pipes D. The gas was burned to produce salt 84. Gas is said to have received its name when it was first manufactured from . A. carbon and hydrogen B. carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen C. coal D. oil 85. Implied but not stated: . A. There are now about 26,000 industrial uses for natural gas B. Primitive man attempted to find natural gas by drilling through rock C. Rock layers trapping natural gas are in different positions near the earth’s surface D. Wildcat drilling, in search of gas, follows a geologist’s promising report Part Ⅴ Translation (30 minutes, 20 points) Section 1 Translate the following sentences which are marked with underline into Chinese. Over the past few decades, it has been proven innumerable times that the various types of behavior, emotions, and interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture. In the process of growing up, each child learns hundreds of culturally patterned details of behavior that become incorporated into its gender identity. Some of this learning takes place directly. In other words, the child is told by others how to act in an appropriately feminine or masculine way. Other details of gender behavior are taught unconsciously, or indirectly, as the culture provides different images, aspirations, and adult models for girls and boys. These lessons carry over from the home to the classroom, where girls are generally observed to be more dependent on the teacher, more concerned with the form and neatness of their work than with its content, and more anxious about being “right” in their answers than in being intellectually independent, analytical, or original. Thus, through the educational process that occupies most of the child’s waking hours, society reinforces its established values and turns out each gender in its traditional and expected mold. Section 2 Directions: Translate the following passage into English. 1.随着中国申奥成功和加入WTO，国民学习英语的热情越来越高。各行各业，男女老少，尤其是青年人都渴望在短期内迅速提高自己的英语水平。 2.归根结底，世界需要因特网，也需要随之而来出现的黑客们。如果没有人揭露网络的弱点，这些弱点就永远不能得以克服。所以，黑客们，至少那些无恶意的黑客们在某种程度上帮了我们一个忙。 Part Ⅵ Writing (40 minutes, 15 points) Directions: Today millions of people are turning from letter writing to e-mail. They believe that e-mail is much more convenient and far faster than regular letter. Please write a composition to state your opinions about the topic “E-mail or Letter-writing”. Your composition should be no less than 20 words. Remember to write neatly. PAGE 11