[學習][橋牌]-橋藝教材.5之2

MINIBRIDGE – Part 1 Developed by the Dutch Bridge Federation ( ( ( ( CONTENTS 1. Tricks 2. Partnerships 3. Declarer & dummy 4. Long suits 5. Trump 6. Scoring 7. Filling out the scorecard 8. Choosing the right suit INTRODUCTION This booklet belongs to the starter course MINIBRIDGE. This course consists of 2 parts: the first one dealing with the very basics (8 theoretical lessons), the second one dealing with more advanced aspects of MINIBRIDGE (8 practical lessons). After completion of the first 8 lessons, however, you will be able to play in MINIBRIDGE games and competition! To be able to play MINIBRIDGE well, you need to practice. That is why you start playing in the first 8 lessons. During the 8 following lessons, you will be playing even more! That makes MINIBRIDGE fun! By practicing frequently, you will find that it is not that difficult after all – even holding 13 cards in your hand at the same time! On behalf of the Committee Junior Bridge, we wish you good luck and a lot of fun learning and playing MINIBRIDGE, Ids Hemminga & Els Creusen ( Nederlandse Bridge Bond/Dutch Bridge Federation ( Translation: Drs. Mickey Beutick-Warren Twin Oaks - California, October 2000 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My sincere thanks to thank my friend Marilyn Albright - a great Canadian ACBL bridge teacher and the first promoter of MINIBRIDGE in North America - for her helpful suggestions on the manuscript. Mickey Beutick-Warren Chapter 1 – TRICKS Suits A deck of cards shows 4 symbols, indicating the 4 “suits”. These suits rank downward in the following order: ( Spades ( Hearts ( Diamonds ( Clubs Order of cards Each suit has 13 cards. A full deck, consequently, has 4 x 13 = 52 cards. The cards of each suit rank downward in the order: Ace (A), King (K), Queen (Q), 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3 and 2. Dealing of cards The cards must be dealt face down, one card at the time, into four hands of 13 cards each. The recommended procedure is, that the cards be dealt in clockwise rotation. The player to the dealer’s left receives the first card. Sorting cards into suits The 13 cards in your hand should be sorted into suits. Do not place two red suits next to each other! Following suit When a player has led a card, you will have to play the same suit, which is called “following suit”: to follow suit is mandatory! If you no longer have that suit, then you may play any other suit. · Following suit is MANDATORY * Trick When four cards have been played to a trick, each player turns his own card face down near him, on the table. The player, who plays the highest card, wins the trick. If the players’ side has won the trick, the card is pointed lengthwise toward his partner (. If the opponents have won the trick, the card is pointed lengthwise toward the opponents (. QUESTIONS Please circle the correct answer: 1. A deck of cards has: a. 2 suits b. 3 suits c. 4 suits 2. Each suit has: a. 12 cards b. 13 cards c. 14 cards 3. In this example the trick goes to: (9 (player 1) a. player 1 (J (player 4) (4 (player 2) b. player 2 (K (player 3) c. player 3 d. player 4 4. Each player has 2 cards left; which player will win a trick? (A, (2 (player 1) a. player 1 & player 4 (K, (3 (player 4) (J, (5 (player 2) b. player 1 & player 3 (9, (Q (player 3) c. player 1 & player 2 Chapter 2 - PARTNERSHIPS Partner You play the game of bridge with a partner. Your partner is the player, who sits across from you at the bridge table. With this partner you form a pair. Both players of a pair belong to the same side. The four players at each table constitute two partnerships or sides: North-South against East-West. Goal You and your partner should try to make the most possible amount of tricks. Therefore, you always have to pay attention to the cards your partner plays! (K (North) (Q (West) (3 (East) (A, 2 (South) You are South, and partner is North. West starts out with the (Q, partner plays (K and East plays (3. You should not play (A, for you would only make one trick in (! Play (2 instead, so you can get an extra trick with (A: now you will take 2 tricks in (. QUESTIONS Please circle the correct answer: 1. When it is your turn to deal, to whom do you deal the first card? a. yourself b. the player to your left (Left-Hand Opponent/LHO) c. the player to your right (Right-Hand Opponent/RHO) 2. You are dealt 4 Spades and put them in the following order: (A, J, Q and 7. Is this correct? a. yes b. no 3. Partner North plays (Q. Your RHO plays (K. You hold (A, 7 and 3. Which card do you play? (North) (Q a.(A (West) (East) (K b. (3 (South) (A, 7, 3 4. Partner North leads (K. East plays (2. You hold (A, 7 and 3. Which card do you play? (North) (K a. (A (West) (East) (2 b. (3 (South) (A, 7, 3 Chapter 3 – DECLARER & DUMMY Honors The face cards, or “honors”, in a deck of cards have a certain value, the so-called “high-card points”: Ace = 4 points King = 3 points Queen = 2 points Jack = 1 point Playing side & defending side Before play commences all players count their high-card points. The pair with the majority of points will become the playing side, the other team the defending side. In total there are 40 high-cards points in a deck. The playing side should always have 21 points or more! When both sides have an equal amount of points (20-20), the cards should be dealt again. Declarer & dummy Of the playing side, the player with the majority of points will become declarer, his partner dummy. When both players of the playing side have an equal amount of points, they can choose who will be declarer and who will be dummy. Dummy’s cards on table When it has been decided who will be declarer and dummy, dummy spreads his hand in front of him on the table, face up, sorted into suits, the cards in order of rank, in columns pointing lengthwise to declarer. Declarer plays both his hand and that of dummy. Tricks As the playing pair has the majority of points, the declarer will have to take more tricks than the defending side: he should take at least 7 tricks. When he takes 7 tricks or more, his side will receive 10 points per trick won. If he does not succeed, his side will receive –50 points per trick lost. Opening lead The defender to declarer’s left makes the opening lead. Down When the declarer does not take sufficient tricks (less than 7), he is “down”. The defending side, there- fore, tries to take as many tricks as possible. Scoring With every game you can win points: When the declarer takes sufficient tricks, his side will receive 10 points per trick won. The defending side will receive the opposite amount of points. So, when N-S receives + 70, E-W receives – 70. When the declarer does not take sufficient tricks, his side is down. The playing side will get –50 per trick lost (undertrick); the defending side will receive the opposite. So, when N-S are down 2 (2 undertricks), N-S will receive a score of – 100, and E-W will receive a score of + 100. Scoring table a. Declarer takes sufficient tricks (7 or more): 10 points per trick won b. Declarer does not take sufficient tricks –50 points per undertrick Note: the defending side will score the opposite amount of points! QUESTIONS Please answer the following questions, or circle the correct answer: 1. How many high-card points in a suit? 2. How many high-card points in a deck? 3. You are West and receive the following cards: (AK65 (Q2 (KJ532 (A8 What is your total point count? 4. You are East and have 12 points, partner has 9 points and South has 14 points. How many points does North have? 5. In question 4, who will be declarer: a. you b. partner c. South 6. When North is declarer, who will make the opening lead? a. East b. West 7. East is declarer and takes 10 tricks. What is the E-W score? 8. In question 7, what is the N-S score? 9. West is declarer and takes 6 tricks. What is the E-W score? 10. In question 9, what is the N-S score? Chapter 4 - LONG SUITS More tricks with long suits To take a trick with aces and kings is fairly easy: everybody can do it! Taking tricks with long suits, however, is a different matter. You have to be smart! Find out which suit, between you and dummy, has the most cards. You should have a minimum of 7 cards in that suit, but preferably 8 or 9. This suit is called a long suit. The objective is to play the long suit for so long, that the defending side (your opponents) are out of them. Then you will have “set up” your long suit, which means that all remaining cards are “good”. Example 1: N (432 W (Q9 E (J10 S (AK8765 When you start with (A and (K, this will remain after two tricks: N (4 W - E – S (8765 You see that East and West have no more Hearts. This means that (8, (7, (6 and (5 are all “good”. In this suit you will take 2 tricks with the high cards, and an additional 4 with the lower ones! Counting to 13 As a suit has 13 cards, you can figure out how many cards your opponents have. When you carefully watch the following suit of your opponents, you will know exactly when a long suit is good. Example 2: N (432 W (? E (? S (AK765 You can compute that E-W hold 5 cards in this suit. When both East and West followed suit at the first 2 tricks, then 4 of the 5 cards are gone. You will have to play Hearts one more time, and then E-W will be completely out of them! So when you regain the lead, your can take 2 more tricks with (7 and (6. * Set up your long suits first & count to 13, when setting up your long suits * QUESTIONS Please circle the correct answer, where applicable: Display the following hand on a table: N (K85 (J92 (76 (KQJ64 W (J92 E (Q1076 (K8753 (A4 (AJ5 (9832 (A7 (1082 S (A43 (Q106 (KQ104 (953 1. How many high-card points does North have? 2. How many high-card points does East have? 3. How many high-card points does South have? 4. How many high-card points does West have? 5. Who will become the declarer: a. South, or b. West 6. What is the best card for West to lead: a. (3, b. (A c. (A 7. How many tricks in clubs can the declarer take? 8. After regaining the lead, which suit should South play: a. ( b. ( c. ( Chapter 5 – TRUMP Trump suit A trump suit is a super suit. When we make a certain suit “trump”, all cards in that suit will be higher than any card of the other suits! Which card wins the trick Without trump, the highest card in a suit wins the trick. This changes when we have made a suit trump! suit. When only one trump card has been played to a trick, that trump card wins the trick. When more trump cards played to one trick, the highest trump card wins the trick. * In notrump, the highest card of any lead suit wins the trick * * In trump, the highest trump card wins the trick * Requirement to follow suit The rule: “following suit is mandatory” does not change! So: do not play a trump card, when you are still able to follow suit! Suits So far, we have been playing without trump (notrump or NT). When we count the other 4 trump suits, we now basically have 5 suits: notrump = NT Spades are trump = ( Hearts are trump = ( Diamonds are trump = ( Clubs are trump = ( When to make a suit the trump suit You can only make a certain suit trump, when you have enough cards in that suit. You and your partner should have at least 8 cards of that suit. * You can make a suit “trump”, when you and your partner have at least 8 trump cards * Who determines to play in trump or in notrump? Before play starts, declarer states that he either wants to play in a particular trump suit or in notrump. But before he can decide, he will have to look whether he and dummy have at least 8 cards in a specific suit. * The declarer determines whether he will play in trump or in notrump * Trumps to dummy’s right After the opening lead is faced, dummy spreads his hand in front of him on the table, face up, sorted into suits, the cards in order of rank, in columns pointing lengthwise towards declarer, with trumps to dummy’s right. Remember: declarer plays both his hand and that of dummy! Tips Playing in notrump, declarer has to try and set up his long suit(s) first. Playing in trump, however, declarer first needs to take away the opponents’ trumps. If he does not do so, his opponents can trump sooner or later. The taking out of trumps is called “pulling trump” In trump: pull trumps first * - * In notrump: set up long suit first * QUESTIONS N (K85 (AJ92 (76 (QJ94 W (J42 E (Q1076 (753 (84 (QJ105 (9832 (A76 (1082 S (A93 (KQ106 (AK4 (K53 1. In this deal you are South; can you find a trump suit? 2. If so, which? The declarer chooses ( to be the trump suit. West leads the (Q. South wins the first trick with (K. South now pulls the trumps. 3. How many times does South have to pull trumps? 4. Which suit should South play after pulling trumps? Chapter 6 - SCORING Differences in scoring You can play without trump (in notrump) or with trump: in (, (, ( or (. (/( are called the major suits or majors, (/( are called the minor suits or minors. Playing a contract in NT is the most lucrative: add 10 points to total score Playing a contract in one of the majors ((/(): add 5 points to total score Playing a contract in one of the minors ((/(): subtract 10 points from total score This only holds true when you fulfill a contract, when you take a minimum of 7 tricks. If you do not fulfill a contract, and you go down, it basically does not matter in which type of game you are. Going down will cost you 50 points per undertrick! Game For making game you can earn even more points! You will receive an additional 300 points, when you are “in game”. But what exactly is “game”? * Game: the total of tricks that will yield 100 points or more * In notrump, you need to take 9 tricks: 9 x 10 = 90 (add 10 points to total score) = 100 points. In a major ((, () you need to take 10 tricks: 10 x 10 = 100 (add 5 points to total score) = 105 points. In a minor ((, (), you need to take 11 tricks: 11 x 10 = 110 (subtract 10 points) ) = 100 points. State the contract before you start playing Declarer not only has to indicate what type of contract he will be playing, he also has to state whether he will be in game or not. If you have not stated beforehand that you want to be in game, you will never get the additional 300 points, even is you make all the required tricks! When is it safe to be in game Being in game, however, has some risks: you will have to take more tricks than when you are not in game. If you do not fulfill the contract, you will go down! Together with dummy you have to be strong enough. Sometimes it is difficult to see how many tricks you will take. First, you have to look at the number of high-card points your partner and you hold. When you count 25 or more, this should be enough to be in game! * To be in game, your partner and you need at least 25 high-card points * Number of required tricks: not in game = 7 tricks in game: in NT = 9 tricks in (/( = 10 tricks in (/( = 11 tricks a. declarer fulfills the contract: for each trick won: - 10 points in NT - add 10 points to total score in (/( - add 5 points to total score in (/( - subtract 10 points from total score premium for game - add 300 points to total score b. declarer does not fulfill the contract: per undertrick: - – 50 points QUESTIONS Please circle the correct answer: Declarer is in game, in NT. He takes 8 tricks. 1. Are 8 tricks sufficient? a. yes b. no 2. What will be declarer’s score? a. + 80 b. + 90 c. – 50 Declarer is in a ( contract, not in game. He takes 9 tricks. 3. Are 9 tricks sufficient? a. yes b. no 4. What will be declarer’s score? a. + 90 b. + 95 c. – 50 Declarer is in a ( contract, not in game. He takes 9 tricks. 5. Are 9 tricks sufficient? a. yes b. no 6. What will be declarer’s score? a. + 80 b. + 90 c. – 100 Declarer is in a ( contract, in game. He takes 11 tricks. 7. Are 11 tricks sufficient? a. yes b. no 8. What will be declarer’s score? a. + 405 b. + 410 c. + 415 Chapter 7 – FILLING OUT THE SCORECARD North always keeps score. 1. Direction: On the line that equals the NS pair number, mark in which direction (NS or EW) the board was played. Then write down the EW pair number in brackets on that SAME line. 2. Indicate: (, (, (, ( or NT 3. Game? If not in game, leave open 4. Result: C = Contract, + = overtricks, - = undertricks 5. Trick score: scored by declarer’s side if contract is fulfilled 6. Undertrick penalties: scored by opponents’ side if the contract is not fulfilled 7. MP (matchpoints): Leave open; to be determined by director later. Example: Pair 3 (EW) plays Board # 5 against Pair 6 (NS). East plays the hand in NT, and is not in game. He takes 10 tricks: see next page 16. QUESTIONS SCORECARD Complete the scoring card on this page for the following pairs: 1. pair 3 (EW) vs. pair 6 (NS). East is in not in game and plays NT. He takes 10 tricks. 2. pair 1 (EW) vs. pair 5 (NS). East is in game and plays (. He takes 10 tricks. 3. pair 4 (EW) vs. pair 2 (NS). East is in game and plays NT. He takes 9 tricks. 4. Which of the 3 EW Pairs scores best? 5. Which of the 3 NS Pairs scores best? Chapter 8 – CHOOSING THE RIGHT SUIT Which suit should be preferred? A. Trump When you are declarer, you will have to determine whether you want to play in trump or in notrump. First you will have to look at dummy’s cards. We already know that you will need at least 8 trumps to play in a trump contract. If you have 7 trumps or less, you do not really have a good trump suit: your hand will be unfit to play in trump. * To play in trump, you and dummy should have at least 8 trumps between you * B. Notrump What about notrump? Look at the following 2 examples: 1. North (72 2. North (A7 (KQ73 (764 (K975 (KJ108 (Q74 (7432 South (43 South (K43 (J86 (KQJ (AQJ108 (Q975 (AK8 (AK8 In example 1: South cannot play in notrump, as he will not be able to stop an “attack” in Spades. North and South have no “stopper” in that suit. South will be able to play in trump, in this case Diamonds, as he and dummy have 9 Diamonds between them. In example 2: South can play in notrump, as both North and South have all suits pretty much covered. There is yet another difference with example A: they have no long or short suits, which means that their opponents have no long or short suits either! When this is the case, you have a “balanced” hand – a little bit of everything. This is often referred to as a “notrump hand or distribution”. When both of you have such a notrump distribution; your hands are fit to play a NT contract, especially when you hold some honors! “You need a “balanced hand” to play in NT Note: in example B: South can play in NT, but he can also play in Diamonds: he and dummy have 8 cards in Diamonds. When your hand is fit to play in either NT or in trump, you will have to pick the one that yields the most points! What is the most lucrative suit? In MINIBRIDGE, like in duplicate bridge, it is important to outscore the other pairs. Therefore, you will have to find the most lucrative suit! From the scoring table you can see that both major suits yield more points than the minor suits. When a major is trump ((/(), you will always get an additional 5 points, whereas it will cost you 10 points when you are playing in a minor ((, (). You will even receive more points playing in NT (10 points). Unfortunately, NT does not always score the best, even if declarer and dummy have good NT hands. For, usually, you can take an extra trick, when you play in a suit. * The majors usually score better than NT * In NT, on the other hand, you will usually score better than in the minors, as you will need at least 3 more tricks to get the same amount of points. In summary, if you can choose: a. You would prefer majors ((, () over minors ((, () b. You would prefer majors ((, () over NT c. You would prefer NT over minors ((, () What to choose? When you are declarer, you will have to determine which suit will be “suitable”’ to play in. First of all you will have to see, whether you and dummy hold 8 cards in a suit. If that is not the case, you will play in NT. Then you will check, whether you have 8 or more cards in either a major or a minor. If you do, you will make one of the major suits trump, because majors will pay the best. With a minor suit your will have to check, whether you can play in NT, whether your NT distribution provides the necessary stoppers in all suits. If NT is a possibility, this should be preferred over the minors! To be, or not to be (in game), that’s the question! Once you have chosen a suit, you will have to determine whether you want to be in game or not. You will have to find out, whether you can take enough tricks to be in game. Sometimes that will be difficult to see. Count your high-card points first, and see how many points you and dummy have. When you have 25 high-card points between you, it will usually be enough to be in game. In summary: 1. Do dummy and I together have 8 cards in one suit? Yes: in major: (/( trump In minor: is notrump possible? yes => notrump no => (/( trump No: notrump 2. Can I be in game? Yes: in game No: not in game QUESTIONS 1) N (K752 2) N (753 (932 (K2 (KQ74 (J10964 (95 (A63 S (QJ103 S (AQ (AK5 (AQ43 (A5 (KQ2 (A742 (K752 You are south. It will come in handy, when answering the questions, to display both North and South hands in front of you. Use the above-mentioned information. Find the right answers: At 1) a. Do you have 8 or more in one suit? ( Yes ( no b. What will be the suit? ( NT ( trump: (, (, ( or ( c. Will you be in game ( yes ( no At 2) a. Do you have 8 or more in one suit? ( Yes ( no b. What will be the suit? ( NT ( trump: (, (, ( or ( c. Will you be in game ( yes ( no 3) N (K52 4) N (42 (K852 (KQ86 (9 (Q953 (KQ1098 (876 S (A63 S (Q7 (A743 (A52 (QJ3 (KJ1042 (A742 (AK5 At 3) a. Do you have 8 or more in one suit? ( Yes ( no b. What will be the suit? ( NT ( trump: (, (, ( or ( c. Will you be in game ( yes ( no At 4) a. Do you have 8 or more in one suit? ( Yes ( no b. What will be the suit? ( NT ( trump: (, (, ( or ( c. Will you be in game ( yes ( no Pair 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 EW (3) ( ( ( ( NT X Game ? N Tricks declared 9 7 Result 9 +3 NS -110 EW +110 Mini Bridge Scoring Card Board # 5 NS Mini Bridge Scoring Card Board # EW MP NS MP Result Tricks declared Game ? NT ( ( ( ( EW NS Pair 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 PAGE 16