内蒙古年鉴2010idx_explnzb_01e

Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators Administrative Division refers to the division of administrative areas by the state. The Constitution of the People's Republic of China stipulates that the admin​istrative areas in China are divided as:1) The whole country is divided into provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government; 2) Provinces and autonomous regions are divided into autonomous prefectures (leagues) , counties (banners) , autonomous counties and cities; 3) Autonomous Prefectures are divided into counties , autonomous counties and cities; 4) Counties and autonomous counties are divided into townships, nationality townships and towns; 5) Municipalities and large cities are divided into districts and counties, 6) The state establish special administrative regions when necessary. Territory refers to territorial land, sea and air space under the administration of a sovereign state. Climate refers to the natural environmental status formed by the long-time exchange of energy and mass between the earth and the air, and is the results of interaction of many factors. Climate is both one of the environment factors and the important resources for the living and production activities of the human being. The average values across several years of meteorological factors such as temperature, rainfall and humidity are used as important parameters to describe the climate of a region, while the average values (or total values) of a given year or month of meteorological factors reflect the key characteristics of climate for that period of time. Natural Resources refer to material resources that could be obtained from the nature by human being and used for production and living. Natural resources in general can be classified as renewable resources and non-renewable resources. Renewable resources refer to resources that could be renewed and recycled during a relatively short period of time, including land resource, water resource, climate resource, biology resource and marine resource. Non-renewable resources include resources that could not be renewed, such as minerals and geothermal resource. Land Resource Land refers to the surface of the earth, consisting of mainly rocks and its weathering and earth. Land resource can be classified, by its utilization, as land for agriculture, land for construction and unused land. Land for agriculture includes cultivated land, plantation land, forestland, grassland and waters. Land for construction includes land for residential purpose, for manufacturing and mining, for transportation and for water conservancy projects. Unused land refers to land other than land for agriculture and construction, including beaches, deserts, Gobi, glaciers and Rock Mountains. Area of Cultivated Land refers to land for the cultivation of various farm crops, including irrigated land, manual-watered land, dry Land and vegetable land. Area of Afforestated Land refer to land for trees, bamboo, bushes and mangrove, including forest-cover land, bush-covered land, sparse forest land, land Planned for afforestation and nurseries of young trees. Area of Grassland refers to areas of grassland, grass-slopes and grass-covered hills with a vegetation-covering rate of over 5% that are used for animal husbandry or harvesting of grass. It includes natural, cultivated and improved grassland areas. Forest Resource refers to forests, trees, forest land and wild animals, plants and microorganism that live on forest and trees. Trees include trees and bamboo. Forest refers to the population of clusters of trees and other plants, animals and microorganism as well as the earth and climate that have interactions with the trees. Total Standing Stock Volume refers to the total stock volume of trees growing in land, including trees in forest, tress in sparse forest, scattered trees and trees planted by the side of farm houses and along the roads, rivers and fields. Forest Area refers to the area of forest land where trees and bamboo grow with canopy density above 0. 2, including land of natural woods and planted woods, but excluding bush land and thin forest land. It reflects the total areas of afforestation. Stock Volume of Forest refers to total stock volume of wood growing in forest area, which shows the total size and level of forest resources of a country or a region. It is also an important indicator illustrating the richness of forest resource and the status of forest ecological environment. Forest Coverage Rate refers to the ratio of area of afforested land to total land area. This indicator shows the forest resources and afforestation progress of a country or a region. According to regulations of the government, in addition to afforested land, the area of bush forest, the area of forest land inside farm land and the area of trees planted by the side of farm houses and along the roads, rivers and fields should also be included in the area of afforested land in the calculation of the forest coverage-rate. The formula for calculating forest coverage rate is as follows: Forestry  coverage  rate (%)= Area of afforested Land/ Area of Total Land×100% Water Resource Water exists in the nature in solid, liquid and gaseous states, is distributed in the ocean, land (including earth) /and air, and constitutes the water resource through the circulation of water. Water resource includes the surface water and underground water that is controlled by the human being for irrigation, power-generation, water supply, navigation and cultivation. It also includes rivers, lakes, wells, springs, tides, gulf and water area for cultivation. Water resource as an important natural resource is indispensable for the development of the national economy. Surface Water and Underground Water Water on earth can be divided into surface water and underground water according to its distribution. Surface water refers to moisture exists in rivers, lakes, swamps, glaciers, icecaps and so on. It is also called land water. The underground water refers to water deposited underground in the cranny and the hole of saturated rock soil and in the water-eroded cave. Inland Water Area refers to water area of rivers, lakes, ponds, reservoir, etc. Runoff refers to the water gathered at the way out of the cross section of drainage area either from the surface or underground after deducting the wastage of the precipitation. Runoff can be divided into surface runoff, underground runoff and within soil runoff. Surface runoff refers to water flow to the rivers, lakes, swamps, and seas on the surface of the earth. Underground runoff refers to water flow to rivers, lakes, swamps, and seas through the water-bearing stratum of confined layer or unconfined layer. Volume of Runoff refers to the total volume of water running through a certain cross section of a river during a certain period of time, reflecting the water resource condition in a country or a region. The formula for calculating volume or runoff is as follows： Runoff = Precipitation–Evaporation Mineral Resources refer to useful minerals that can be used for industrial or agricultural purposes enriched in lithosphere or on earth due to the geological process. Ensured Mineral Reserves refer to the actual min- eral reserves, which equal to the proven mineral reserves (including industrial reserves and prospective reserves) minus extracted parts and underground losses. This indicator shows the current condition of the mineral resources of a country. Drainage Area Each river has its own main stream and branches to form the water system of the river. Each river has its own catchments area, which is also called as the drainage area of the river. Out-flowing Rivers refer to rivers directly or indirectly flowing into the sea. The area providing water to the out-flowing rivers is called as out-flowing area. Inland Rivers refer to rivers in inland dry areas that die away in desert on the way or infuse into inland lakes. The area providing water to the inland rivers is called as inland area. Temperature refers to the air temperature. China uses centigrade (0C) as the unit. The thermometry used for weather observation is put in a breezy shutter, which is 1. 5 meters high from the ground. Therefore, the commonly used temperature refers to the temperature in the breezy shutter 1. 5 meters away from the ground. The calculation method is as follows: Monthly average temperature is the summation of average daily temperature of one month divided by the actual days of that particular month. Annual average temperature is the summation of monthly average of a year divided by 12 months. Relative Humidity refers to the ratio of actual water vapor pressure to the saturation water vapor pressure under the current temperature. The calculation method is the same as that of temperature. Volume of Precipitation refers to the deepness of liquid state or solid state (thawed) water falling from the sky to the ground that has not been evaporated, infiltrated or run off. The calculation method is as follows: Monthly precipitation is the summation of daily precipitation of a month. Annual precipitation is the summation of 12 months , precipitation of a year. Sunshine Hours refer to the actual hours of sun irradiating the earth. The calculation method is the same as that of the precipitation. PAGE 47