2019版高三英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读Unit13People教师用书北师大版必修

Unit 13　People (对应学生用书第91页) [单词　拼写应用] Ⅰ.考纲单词——会拼写、要识记 1．weakness n． 弱点，缺陷 2．gain vt. 获得；增加 3．passive adj. 被动的，消极的 4．previous adj. 以前的，过去的 5．positive adj. 积极的 6．lawyer n. 律师 7．connection n. 联系；连接 8．gifted adj. 有天赋的 9．deserve vt. 应得，值得 10．failure n. 失败 11．entirely adv. 完全地 12．independent adj. 独立的 13．fault n. 错误；缺点 14．grateful adj. 感激的，感谢的 15．shortcoming n. 缺点，短处 16．assessment n. 评估 17．emergency n. 紧急情况 18．accurately adv. 精确地 19．embassy n. 大使馆 20．athletic adj. 喜爱运动的 21．independence n. 独立 22．astronomy n. 天文学 23．allergic adj. 过敏的 Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别 1．strong adj. 强壮的 →strength n. 长处，优势 →strengthen v. 加强 2．concentrate vi. 集中(思想、注意力等) →concentration n. 专心 3．associate vt. 联想，联系 →association n. 联想；协会 4．express v. 表达 adj. 特快的 n. 快递 →expression n. 表情；词语 →expressive adj. 富于表情的；有表现力的 5．describe v. 描述 →description n. 描述 6．predict vt. 预言，预测 →prediction n. 预测，预告 →predictor n. 预言家 7．satisfy v. 使满足 →satisfaction n. 满意 →satisfactory adj. 令人满意的 →satisfied adj. 满意的 8．relief n. 减轻，宽慰 →relieve v. 减轻；解除；缓和 9．anxiety n. 忧虑，担心 →anxious adj. 忧虑的；焦急的 10．account n. (银行)账户；描述，叙述；报告；解释，说明 →accountant n. 会计；会计师 11．devote vt. 献身于；专心致志于 →devotion n. 专心；奉献 12．appropriate adj. 合适的；适当的 →appropriately adv. 适当地 Ⅲ.语境应用(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1．The publication of Great Expectations，which was both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened(strength) Dickens' status as a leading novelist.(2017·江苏高考) 2．It was a relief(relieve) and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle of the road.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ) 3．To my satisfaction(satisfy)，my son has been absorbed in his study. 4．They show great anxiety(anxious) concerning their retirement allowance. 5．This girl gave a vivid description(describe) of the event as if she had attended it herself. 6．There has always been a close association(associate) between these two schools. 7．As a predictor，he often made wrong predictions though he tried his best to predict everything.(predict) 8．Our country is an independent country so we must depend on ourselves；independence and liberty are our state principles forever.(independent) 9．The old scientist is devoted to studying space，and the spirit of devotion deserves learning from.He said he would go on devoting himself to the science field.(devote) 10．He expressed in his expressive speech that he would support us and the expression on his face suggested that he meant what he said.(express) [拓展联想] “词中词”法帮你记 ①serve →deserve 值得 ②ant →distant 遥远的 ③have →behave 表现 ④arm →harm 伤害 ⑤plain →explain 解释 ⑥star →starve 挨饿 ⑦end →tend 趋向 不要“不安或烦恼” ①bother ②disturb ③trouble ④annoy ⑤irritate ⑥upset “获得”动词集锦 ①gain ②win ③acquire ④obtain ⑤earn ⑥get 由anxious想到的 ①angry 愤怒的，气愤的 ②eager 急切的，渴望的 ③depressed 意志消沉的 ④surprised 惊讶的 ⑤bored 无聊的；烦人的 ⑥ashamed 羞愧的，惭愧的 [短语　多维应用] Ⅰ.短语回顾——会默写 1．come up with 提出，想出 2．concentrate on 集中于；专注于 3．talk sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事 4．draw up 起草 5．be popular with... 受……欢迎 6．on the other hand 另一方面 7．in terms of 就……而言；从某个角度上看 8．accuse sb. of... 控告某人…… 9．react to 对……作出反应 10．can't help doing sth. 禁不住要做某事 11．be devoted to 奉献；致力于 12．compared to 和……比较起来 13．be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事 14．end up 结果为……；以……结束 15．deal with 处理，对付 16．to be honest 说实话 17．glare at 怒视 Ⅱ.语境应用(用上述短语的适当形式填空) 1．Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own.(2017·天津高考) 2．To be honest，I don't like chatting with her at all. 3．The poor woman just stood there glaring at the pickpocket. 4．Compared to my father，I was very lucky. 5．How did you come up with the good idea that we could escape being punished? 6．The meeting will deal with these problems，which will benefit parents a lot. 7．Her life was devoted to caring for the sick and needy. 8．In terms of money，he's quite rich，but not in terms of happiness. 9．Seeing these photos，I can't help thinking of my happy childhood. 10．With so much noise outside，I can't concentrate on my homework. 11．If you want to make rapid progress，draw up your own study plan and put it into practice. 12．How do you react to this modern artist's paintings? [拓展联想] “集中精力”短语大全 ①concentrate on 集中于 ②focus on 集中于 ③be lost in 埋头于 ④be buried in 专心于 ⑤be absorbed in 全神贯注于 ⑥fix one's mind on 把注意力集中在 ⑦be devoted to 专心于 “v.＋sb.＋of＋sth.”短语大团圆 ①accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事 ②cure sb. of sth. 治好某人某病 ③remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 ④warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事 ⑤suspect sb. of sth. 怀疑某人某事 ⑥rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物 ⑦inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事 “说服”短语清单 ①talk/argue sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事 ②talk/argue sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事 ③persuade sb.(not) to do sth. 说服某人(不)做某事 [句式　结构仿写] 教材原句——会背诵 句式仿写——能应用 1.it作形式主语 It is generally believed that people with high EQs are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life. 1.一般认为阅读能增加我们的知识，使我们心胸开阔。 It is believed that reading can increase our knowledge and broaden our mind. 2.there is little/no doubt that...“毫无疑问……” On the other hand，there is little doubt that people with low EQs often have problems getting on with other people and dealing with difficult situations... 2.无疑这个人不知道应向谁征求意见。 There was no/little doubt that the man didn't know who to ask advice from. 3.it作形式宾语 I really dislike it when he eats garlic for lunch. 3.我不喜欢她对我做事指手画脚。 I don't love it when she tells me how to do things. 4.that's why...句型 Perhaps the postcode was wrong，and that's why the letter never arrived. 4.他将去国外学习很长一段时间，那就是我们明天将为他送行的原因。He will go abroad to study for a long time；that's why we will see him off tomorrow. (对应学生用书第93页) 精讲7个考纲单词 concentrate vi.集中(思想、注意力等) [经典例句]　Adrian was finding it difficult to concentrate.(朗文辞典) 艾德里安觉得自己很难集中注意力。 (1)concentrate...on/upon (doing) sth. 把……专注于某事 concentrate on/upon... 专注于…… (2)concentration n. 专心；集中 ①Many media in China concentrated their attention on the explosion of Tianjin. 中国许多媒体把注意力集中在天津爆炸案上。 ②When you concentrate on one task，you can find you have energy that you didn't even know you had. 当你集中于一项任务时，你会发现你拥有甚至自己都不知道的能量。 ③There is a great need for greater concentration (concentrate) on environmental issues. 更多的关注环境问题是非常有必要的。 链接写作 【导学号：33220047】 (普通表达)He concentrated his mind on his work and didn't notice my appearance. ①(高级表达)With his mind concentrated on his work，he didn't notice my appearance. (用with复合结构改写) ②(高级表达)His mind concentrated on his work，he didn't notice my appearance.(用独立主格结构改写) deserve vt.值得；应得；应受 [高考佳句]　These patients deserve a chance at a normal，happy future and they rely on the kindness of strangers to make that happen.(2014·福建高考·阅读理解C)这些患者值得拥有一个正常、快乐、幸福的未来，他们依靠陌生人的好心实现它。 deserve to do 应该做……；值得做…… deserve to be done＝deserve doing ……值得被做 deserve consideration/attention 值得考虑/注意 ①It's true that she made a mistake but she hardly deserves to lose her job. 她的确犯了错，但她不应该被解雇。 ②It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve respecting/to be respected(respect)．正是那些甘愿奉献而不索取的人才应受到尊敬。 ③With many wild animals gradually dying out，the present situation deserves attention(attent)． 许多野生动物逐渐灭绝，目前形势值得注意。 链接写作 莫振高，这位善良的、忠诚的中国教师，被授予2016年“感动中国十大人物”这一荣誉是值得的。 Mo Zhen'gao，the kind and devoted Chinese teacher，was worthwhile to be honored one of “the Ten Moving China Persons” of the year 2016. →Mo Zhen'gao，the kind and devoted Chinese teacher，deserved to be honored one of “the Ten Moving China Persons” of the year 2016. accuse vt.控告，谴责 [教材原句]　Accused of stealing money，the man was brought to court. 那个人因被指控偷了钱而被带上法庭。 accuse sb. of (doing) sth.＝charge sb. with (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而指责某人 the accused 被告 ①The neighbour who was once charged with attempted murder accused me of playing(play) my radio too loudly.曾经被指控谋杀未遂的邻居指责我把收音机声音开得太大。 ②The accused (accuse) got what they deserved. 被告罪有应得。 desire n．渴望，欲望 v．期望，渴望 [教材原句]　Tour guides need to be independent，outgoing and have a desire to share information. 导游需是独立的、外向的并有分享信息的意愿。 (1)have a strong desire (2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 desire sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 desire that...(should) do sth. 渴望…… ①We desire that immediate help (should) be given to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood.我们渴望给予那些被洪水围困的当地村民们即刻的救援。 ②He has a strong desire for success though he has failed many times. 尽管他失败了多次，但是他仍然渴望成功。 链接写作 【导学号：33220048】 她迫切地想拜访那位著名作家。 ①She has a strong desire to visit the famous writer.(desire n．) ②She desires to visit the famous writer.(desire vt.) account vt.认为是；视为；总计有 n．说明；理由；账目；报道 [高考佳句]　They now need to take into account the extent of firms' data assets when assessing the impact of deals.(2017·江苏高考)在评价交易影响的时候，他们现在需要把公司的资产数据也考虑进去。 account for 说明(原因等)；作出解释；占……比例 on account of 由于，因为 on no account 决不(放在句首时，句子倒装) take account of/take...into account(＝take...into consideration) 考虑…… ①The gene they discovered today doesn't account for all those cases. 他们现在发现的基因无法解释所有的病例。 ②We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather.由于天气不好，我们将启程的时间推迟了。 ③On no account will you tell him about our plan. 你决不能把我们的计划告诉他。 链接写作 【导学号：33220049】 票房收入的上升有许多因素。(2017·江苏高考) ①(普通表达)There are a number of factors for the increase in the box­office income. ②(高级表达)A number of factors can account for the increase in the box­office income. judge n．裁判，法官 vt.评判；判断；审判；判决 [经典例句]　I am in no position to judge whether what she is doing is right or wrong.(朗文辞典) 我无权评判她在做的事是对是错。 (1)judge...by/from 从……判断，按照……判断 judging from/by... 根据……判断 (2)judgement n. 判断力，意见；判决，宣判 in one's judgement 依某人看来 ①Judging by the look on his face，the news must have been terrible. 从他脸上的表情判断，这条消息肯定很糟糕。 ②In my judgement(judge)，all of them are to blame. 依我看，他们所有的人都应受到责备。 devote vt.献身于；专心于 [高考佳句]　Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild.(2016·北京高考·阅读理解B)邻居们奉献了他们的空闲时间去帮助他人做重建工作。 (1)devote oneself to sth./doing sth. 献身于……；致力于…… devote one's life/time/money/energy to (doing) sth. 把某人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于做某事 (2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的 be devoted to (doing) sth. 专心于；奉献于做某事 (3)devotion n. 关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚 ①Her son，to whom she is (so) devoted，went abroad last year，leaving her alone in the small village. 她非常疼爱的儿子去年去了国外，留下她一个人在小村子里。 ②Devoted (devote) to the study of science，she had little time to take care of her children. 她献身于科学研究几乎没有时间照看自己的孩子。 ③The dog had such devotion (devote) to its master that it would not leave him，even when he was dead. 这只狗对它的主人是如此的忠诚，甚至当他死了它也不愿离开。 诠释3个核心短语 end up结果为……；以……结束 [经典例句]　He'll end up in prison if he's not careful.(朗文辞典)如果他不小心，最后会锒铛入狱的。 end up doing sth. 以……结束/告终 end up with... 以……而结束 end up as... 结果成为(职位) ①And whatever they end up doing，they will be teaching themselves a great deal. 无论他们做什么，最终都会受益匪浅。 ②The party ended up with a pop song. 聚会最后以一首流行歌曲结束。 ③Joining the firm as a clerk，he got rapid promotion，and ended up as a manager.成为这家公司的职员后，他升职很快，最终成为一名经理。 can't help doing sth.禁不住做某事 [教材原句]　I couldn't help laughing at this and I invited her back to my apartment for a quick cup of tea.我禁不住笑了起来，并邀请她到我的公寓里来喝杯茶。 can't help/choose but do... 不得不做…… can't help (to) do sth. 不能帮忙做某事 can't help oneself 忍不住，无法控制自己 can't help it 不是某人的过错；是没有办法的事 it can't be helped 实在没办法；无法避免 ①She couldn't help herself and burst into tears. 她无法控制自己，突然大哭起来。 ②She could not help it if her emotions took charge of her. 如果她情绪失控，那也不能怪她。 ③The last bus left.We could not choose but walk (walk) home. 最后一班公共汽车走了。我们不得不步行回家。 in terms of就某事来说，从某个角度来看 [教材原句]　Some are trying to study the possibility of improving a person's EQ，especially in terms of “people skills”，such as understanding and communication.有些(科学家)正在尝试研究改善一个人的EQ的可能性，特别是在“人际方面”，例如理解能力和交际能力。 come to terms with 达成协议；和好；接受；适应 be on good/bad terms 关系良好/不好 in the long/short term/run 就长远/短期而言 ①The country is very poor and it has to come to terms with the neighbouring countries. 这个国家很穷，它不得不与邻国和解。 ②The company's prospects look good in the long term.从长远看，这家公司前途无量。 突破2个高考句型 (教材P11)I really dislike it when he eats garlic for lunch.我真的不喜欢他午饭吃大蒜。 句中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为when引导的宾语从句。 (1)英语中，某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like，enjoy，love，have，dislike，appreciate，prefer等接when/if引导的从句作宾语时，通常用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在it之后。 (2)类似的用法还有see to it that...“务必”；depend on it that...“依赖/相信”；take it for granted that...“认为……是理所当然的”等。 ①I would appreciate it if you could teach me how to use the computer. 如果你能教我怎样使用电脑的话，我会非常感激。 ②I'd prefer it if I didn't have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作就太好了。 ③I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. 我讨厌人们说话时满嘴食物。 ④You can not depend on it that they will do loads of work.你不可以相信他们会做大量的工作。 (教材P13)Perhaps the postcode was wrong，and that's why the letter never arrived. 可能邮政编码错了，那就是信一直未收到的原因。 (1)句中that's why...为固定表达，意为“那就是……的原因”，其中why引导表语从句，该句型强调结果。 (2)That's because...“那是因为……”，because也引导表语从句，但该句型强调原因。 ①This is why you're saving my life.(2016·北京高考·阅读理解A) 这就是为什么你会救我的命。 ②We didn't lend him money.That's because we are not too familiar with him. 我们没借给他钱是因为我们对他不是很熟悉。 链接写作 【导学号：33220050】 那就是他迟到的原因：他生病了。 That he was late for school is because he was ill. →The reason why he was late for school is that he was ill. [多角快练]——练单词 练短语 练句型———————————————— (对应学生用书第96页) Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Wallace Chung can sing，dance and act as well.This is why he has appealed to his fans for nearly 20 years. 2．He is an able man，but on the other hand he demands too much of people. 3．The soldiers should on no account be blamed for what happened. 4．Most of the best lawyers and salesmen really have a gift for persuasion. 5．It is predicted (predict) that the price of house will continue to fall. 6．We could have arrived (arrive) here on time but we were caught in a traffic jam. 7．She couldn't help but solve (solve) the problem by herself. 8．We are supposed to be on good terms with all our neighbours. Ⅱ.单句改错 1．You can't help but to start moving when you hear this song. 去掉to 2．Li Tan was charged by the police of breaking the law. of→with 3．The boss keeps finding faults with my work; for some reason he's been getting at me all day. faults→fault 4．Judged by the number of cars，he thought，there were not many people at the club. Judged→Judging 5．With our relief，children all arrived home safely. With→To 6．Many media in the world concentrate their attention to the submit of the Group of Twenty. to→on/upon 7．The judge looked up from his notes to glare to him. 第二个to→at 8．We were going to go camping，but ended up watch TV at home because of the heavy rain. watch→watching (对应学生用书第97页) Ⅰ.课文语法填空 请根据Lesson 1的课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Most students do an IQ test early in their school career because they believe that it is IQ 1.that determines how well they're going to do in life.However，new research into EQ suggests that success is not 2.simply (simple) the result of a high IQ.Professor Salovey，who invented the term EQ，gives the following 3.description (describe): At work，it is IQ that gets you 4.hired (hire) but it is EQ that gets you promoted.5.Supported (support) by his academic research，Professor Salovey suggests that when predicting someone's future success，their character，as measured by EQ tests，might 6.actually (actual) matter more than their IQ. The result of studies shows that EQ is 7.as important，if not more important than IQ.To get ahead in the world and lead 8.a happy successful life means getting on 9.with other people and 10.being (be) able to understand and react to situations in the best way possible. Ⅱ.写作改错双练 请根据提示，运用本单元所学知识完成下面的小作文，并改正学生习作。 1．这位年轻的司机一直专注于赚更多的钱来养家，把大多数时间都用在了工作上，期望通过努力工作来过上美好的生活。(concentrate on，devote...to，desire) 2．但是最近他被指控酒驾并被法官判处六个月监禁。(accuse，judge) 3．听到这个消息，他妻子禁不住痛哭起来。(can't help doing) 4．她证实因为工作压力太大，他有时会感到沮丧并喝点啤酒来解脱自己。(confirm，upset，relieve) 5．但是越喝酒心情越差。(the＋比较级，the＋比较级) 6．市民认为，既然这名司机被证实酒驾，就理应受到惩罚。(deserve) 第一步　练写作 用适当的连接词将上述句子连成一篇短文。 第二步　练改错 下面是李明针对本文的习作，其中有5处错误，请你帮他纠正过来。 To support his family, the young driver always concentrated on making more money. Desiring to live a happy life by working hard, he devoted most of his time to his work. However, he was sentenced to six months in prison by the judge owing to accused of drunk driving. Hearing the news, his wife couldn't help crying. She confirmed facing with the great work pressure, he sometimes felt upset and drank some beer to relieve him. But the more beer he drink, the worse he felt. In the citizens' opinion, since the driver proved to be drunk driving, he deserved the punishment. 【 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 】　 To support his family, the young driver always concentrated on making more money.