【主谓一致】语法

【主谓一致】语法 处理主谓一致一般有以下三条原则: 1、语法一致,即在语法形式上取得一致,例如主语为单数形式,谓语也用单数形式,主语用复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。 The number of mistakes was surprising. Li Ping and her twin sister naturally look a lot alike. 2、意义一致,即从意义上着眼处理一致关系。例如,主语形式虽为单数但意义为复数,谓语动词也采取复数形式。 The crowed were fighting for their lives. 或者主语形式虽为复数但意义上视为单数,谓语动词也用单数形式。 Three years in a strange land see***ike a long time. 3、就近原则,即谓语动词的单复数取决于最靠近它的主语。 There is a teacher and some students in our classroom. 单数 1)当主语为 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示度量、时间、金钱、距离等复数名词,一般根据意义一致的原则,把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语动词采取单数。 Ten dollars is not enough. Three months is a long time. 2)有些以-s结尾的n(如news, mathematics, physics, politics)因在意义为单数,所以谓语采用单数形式。 The news is exciting. Physics is one of the most difficult subjects for me. 3)如果主语是一个表示抽象概念的不定式,动名词或名词性从句,谓动都采用单数形式。To say sth is one thing and to do is another. Whether he comes or not doesn’t matter. Reading English magazines and novels is helpful to our English study. 4)如果主语为单数,尽管后面跟with, together with, as well as, no less than, like, but, except等引导的短语谓动仍用单数形式。 The teacher, as well as some Ss is coming.Nobody but Tom and Marry was in the classroom just now. 5)由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词,都作单数看待,因此谓动都采取单数形式。 Is everyone here? There is nothing but a card in the box. 6)如果主语由each(either, neither)+of+n复数或代词结构担任时,谓动采用单数 Has either of them told you? Each of the Ss in our class likes reading. 7)如果主语由“many a/ more than one +单数”构成,尽管从意义上看是复数,谓动仍采用单数。 Many a student is on the playground. More than one of us has been to Beijing. 8)在“each ……and each”“`every ……and every”“No ……and no”连接两个或两 个以上的单数n等结构之后,谓语动词通常采用单数形式Each man and each woman was asked to help. 9)如果主语是人名、国名、书名或组织机构名称时,即使是复数形式,谓动通常采用单数形式。 The United Nations was founded in 1945. 10)成对的名词作主语时,谓语动词采用单数形式如: There is a knife and fork on the table. Bread and butter is daily food in the west. 11)one and a half + 名复作主语时,谓动用单数。 One and a half years has passed. 复数 1)有些指多数人或物的n(如people, police, cattle)单数形式,具有复数意义,谓动采用复数形式。 The police are looking for the lost boy. 2)不可数n前面如有表数量的名词,后面常跟复数动词作谓语。 There are three bottles of ink on the desk. Three million tons of coal were exported last year. 3)one or two +名复作主语,谓动采用复数形式。 One or two persons agree with him. 4)few或a few作主语,谓动采用复数形式。 Few of us like the book. 5)what, who, which, any, more, most, all等代词作主语谓语动词可以是单数也可以是复数形式,主要靠意思。 Which is your room? Which are your rooms? All is ready, let’s begin the meeting. All are here, let’s begin the meeting. 6)在It is +n或代词+that/who …的强调句,谓语动词要与所强调的n或代词一致,如: It is I who am on duty today? It is Tom that is ill. 7)如果主语是“the+adj或分词”结构作主语,用来表示一类人谓语v要用复数,用来表示个人或抽象概念,则谓动用单数形式 The old are taken good care of in our country. The injured was a good friend of mine. 8)两个主语用and连接时,谓动一般用复数 My brother and I have both seen the film. Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. 但当and连接的两个词是指一个观念或同一个人时,谓动v则用单数: The poet and writer has come. His end and aim is clear to all of us. 9)集体n: group, class, family, enemy, team, army, crowd, company, government等作主语时,如果视为整体谓动就用单数,视为其中的个体成员,就用复数 The whole family is going there. My family are very well. The government has started a new school project.The government are doing their best to help the poor get rich. 10)当一个句子有两个主语,而它们又是由either……or, neither……or, not only……but also 或not……but连接时谓动通常和邻近的主语保持一致。 Neither he nor I have been to Beijing. Is either he or you going there? 由there或here引导的句子,主语不止一个,谓语v通常和邻近的那个主语一致。 There is a piece of paper, two books and pens on the desk. Here are some books for you. 11)表示数量的词语的复数n作主语时,谓动单复数形式取决于句子的意义,看作整体,谓动单数;看作个体,谓动复数 Two months is quite a long time. Ten dollars is not enough. The last three years have been full of happiness. 12)单复数同形的名sheep, deer, means, fish, fruit作主语时,谓动的单复数根据句子的意思决定。 He likes to eat apple, orange and other fruits, but I don’t like eat fruit. The milu deer is a kind of deer that used to be common in China. At present there are not many milu deer in nature. 13)some, any, none, all, most等代词和half, the rest等n与of短语连用作主语时,谓动的单复数依据of后的名词或代词而定: Some of us like sports. Some of the money was missing. The rest of the apples have been rotten away The rest of the fruit has been rotten away. 14)one of+复数n作主语时,谓语动词为单数,当定语从句的先行词为“one of+复数n”时,从句的谓语动词为复数;先行词是the only one of+复数n时,从句的谓语动词为单数(见定语从句例子) One of my books is gone ( missing/ lost) 15)表示部分概念或不定数量的n如:a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of……percent of, a quarter of, one third of修辞主语时,谓动的单复数依据of后的n而定。 A lot of work has been finished There are a lot of Ss in our school. Seventy percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.One third of the ss in our class are league members 16)each作主语或所修辞的n作主语,谓语动词用单数,若eath位于复数n或代词之后作同位语,谓语动词用复数 Each of us has a dictionary. Each student in our class has a dictionary. We each have a dictionary. 17)population作主语时,谓语v用单数,但几分之几或百分之几+population作主语时,谓语v用复数。 The population of China is the largest in the world. At present about 28% of Chinese population smoke. 【特殊】 1)两个主语,一个肯定,一个否定,谓语v与肯定的主语保持数和人称的一致。My brother, and not I likes playing football. 2)The number of+可数复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数 A number of+可数复数名词作主语,谓语动词复数 3)在加减乘除的算式中,谓语动词用单复数均可 Three plus three is/ are six. One times two equal/equals to two.