小升初英语复习重点
系统语法学习。小升初英语考试中单项选择比例占到15%-30%,同时,在其他各种题型中也都涉及到大量的语法知识。进行系统的语法的学习非常必要。
重点词汇积累。词汇量:一般重点中学的小升初英语考试,都要求学生具有2000到3000的词汇量,而且要求学生能读、能听懂这些单词,甚至要求孩子会拼写。很多孩子认为小升初英语考试卷中的英文奥数题比较难,主要障碍就是很多单词不会,这样扣分之后,跟其他孩子就有差距了。
实际运用能力:知识学到手会用才是关键。
具体
知识点
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:第一部分;基础知识1.字母:26个字母的大小写ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 2.语音:元音的发音五个元音字母:AEIOU
12个单元音:长元音:/ɑ:/,/?:/,/?:/,/i:/,/u:/
短元音:/?/ /e/ /i/ / ?/ /∧/ /u/ /?/ 3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词4.句子:大小写,标点符号第二部分:语法知识
一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格(一)名词单复数
1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以―辅音字母+y‖结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以―f 或fe‖结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不
规则
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名词复数:
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
不可数名词的复数就是原型:paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea (二)名词的格
(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:
a) 单数后加‘s 如: Lucy‘s ruler my father‘s shirt b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加‘如: his friends‘bags c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加‘s children‘s shoes
并列名词中,如果把‘s加在最后一个名词后,
表
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示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike‘s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车
要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加‘s
Tom‘s and Mike‘s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车
(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用―of +名词‖来表示所有关系:如:
a picture of the classroom a map of China
二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:
(1)不定冠词:a / an (2)元音读音开头的可数名词前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an hour an old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson / (3)定冠词:the 2. 用法:
定冠词的用法:
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物:The ruler is on the desk. (2)复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new. (3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren‘t at school. (4)在序数词前:John‘s birthday is February the second.
(5)用于固定词组中:in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠词的情况:
(1)专有名词前:China is a big country.
(2)名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:
This is my baseball.
(3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can‘t swim. They are teachers. (4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It‘s Sunday. (5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.
(6)球类棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. * 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well. (7)学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.
(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li. (9)固定词组中:at noon at night by bus
三、代词:人称代词,物主代词
人称代词物主代词
主格宾格第一人称单数I(我)me my(我的)复数we(我们)us our(我们的)第二人称单数you(你)you your(你的)复数you(你们)you your(你们的)第三人称
单数he(他)him his(他的)she(她)her her(她的)it(它)
it its(它的)
复数
they(他们/她们/它们)
them
their(他们的/她们的/它们的)
四、形容词,副词:比较级,最高级
(一)、形容词的比较级
1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语
中可用宾格)。
2.形容词加er的规则:⑴一般在词尾加er ;⑵以字母e 结尾,加r ;⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;⑷以―辅音字母+y‖结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。
3.不规则形容词比较级:
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful (二)副词的比较级
1.形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动) ⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后
2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)
五数词:基数词,序数词一、基数词(1)1-20
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen, fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty
(2)21-99 先说―几十‖,再说―几‖,中间加连字符。
23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one
(3)101—999先说―几百‖,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;
586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three (4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个―,‖,第一个―,‖前为thousand.第二个―,‖前为million,第三个―,‖前为billion 1,001→one thousand and one
18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three
6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine 750,000, 000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion
二、序数词
(1)一般在基数词后加th
eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth
(2)不规则变化
one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth
(3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th
twenty→twentieth,forty→fortieth,ninety→ninetieth
(4)从二十一后的―几十几‖直至―几百几十几‖或―几千几百几十几‖只将个位的基数
词变为序数词。
twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth 基数词转为序数词的口诀:基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.
一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d. 八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。ty将y变成i,th前面有个e.
若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。六、介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behind等
1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。
at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)2.on 1)表示具体日期。
注:(1)关于"在周末"的几种表示法:at(on)the weekend---特指at(on)weekends---泛指over the weekend during
the weekend(2)在圣诞节,应说at Christmas on Christmas
2)在(刚……)的时候。
On reaching the city he called up his parents.一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。
3.in
1)表示"时段"、"时期",在多数情况下可以和during互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)
七、动词:动词的四种时态:(1)一般现在时:
一般现在时的构成
1. be动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如:I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。
2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English. 我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。动词+s的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以―辅音字母+y‖结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies (2)一般过去时:
动词过去式详解动词的过去式的构成规则有:A、规则动词①一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如worked , learned , cleaned , visited ②以e结尾的动词直接加d:如lived , danced , used ③以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如study –studied carry
–carried worry –worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)④双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如stopped B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟
记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing –sang , eat –ate ,
see –saw , have –had , do –did , go –went , take –took , buy –bought , get –got , read –read ,fly –flew , am/is –was ,
are –were , say –said , leave –left , swim –swam , tell –told , draw –drew , come –came , lose –lost , find –found , drink –drank , hurt –hurt , feel –felt
(3)一般将来时:基本结构:①be going to + do;
②will+ do. be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow. (4)现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词
动词现在分词详解动词的ing形式的构成规则:
①一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating ②以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
③双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
第三部分:句法1.陈述句
(1)肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:I‘m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening. (2)、否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I‘m not a student. She is not
(isn‘t) a doctor.
He does not (doesn‘t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren‘t) four fans in our classroom. He will not (won‘t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn‘t) watch TV yesterday evening.
2. 疑问句
一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用―yes‖,或―no‖来回答。
特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用―yes 、no‖来回答。3.There be句型There be 句型与have, has的区别
1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)
2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is 主语是复数,be 动词用are 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。
4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。