Properties of planar lightwave circuit (PLC) devices fabricated by silica and polymer

Photonics Laboratories Properties of planar lightwave circuit (PLC) devices fabricated by silica and polymer T. MARUNO NTT Photonics Laboratories KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories NTTNTT (Stock Holding Company) NTT EastNTT East NTT WestNTT West NTT Commun.NTT Commun. NTT DoCoMoNTT DoCoMo NTT DataNTT Data Science & Core TechnologyScience & Core Technology Laboratory Group (5 Labs.)Laboratory Group (5 Labs.) Information Sharing Information Sharing Laboratory Group (5 Labs.)Laboratory Group (5 Labs.) Cyber Communications Cyber Communications Laboratory Group (2 Labs.)Laboratory Group (2 Labs.) General Staff for ManagementGeneral Staff for Management and Operation of NTT Groupand Operation of NTT Group 3400 members 3400 members 10001000 15001500 500500 R&R&DD R&R&DD R&R&DD R&R&DD R&R&DD RR&D&D Network Innovation Labs.Network Innovation Labs. Microsystem Integration Labs.Microsystem Integration Labs. Photonics Labs.Photonics Labs. Communication Science Labs.Communication Science Labs. Basic Research Labs.Basic Research Labs. AtsugiAtsugi YokosukaYokosuka MusashinoMusashino KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories NTT Photonics Laboratories Photonics Laboratories Director Dr. K. KomatsuPhotonics Laboratories Director Dr. K. Komatsu Research Planning Section Dr. H. ItohResearch Planning Section Dr. H. Itoh R&D ManagementR&D Management Photonics Integration Project Dr. H. TobaPhotonics Integration Project Dr. H. Toba Photonics Integration Technology (Optical Module, Optical Connector, etc.)Photonics Integration Technology (Optical Module, Optical Connector, etc.) Photonics Device Laboratory Dr. Y. HasumiPhotonics Device Laboratory Dr. Y. Hasumi Optical Semiconductor Module Technology (Laser Diode, SOA, Modulator, etc.)Optical Semiconductor Module Technology (Laser Diode, SOA, Modulator, etc.) Hyper-Photonic Component Laboratory Dr. T. MarunoHyper-Photonic Component Laboratory Dr. T. Maruno Planer Lightwave Circuit Technology (AWG, PLC, Fiber Amplifier, etc.)Planer Lightwave Circuit Technology (AWG, PLC, Fiber Amplifier, etc.) High-Speed Devices & Technology Laboratory Dr. M. MuraguchiHigh-Speed Devices & Technology Laboratory Dr. M. Muraguchi Ultra-high-speed Electronic Device Technology (InP HEMT, InP HBT, GaN, etc.)Ultra-high-speed Electronic Device Technology (InP HEMT, InP HBT, GaN, etc.) Advanced Opto-Electronics Laboratory Dr. J. YumotoAdvanced Opto-Electronics Laboratory Dr. J. Yumoto Ultra-high-speed Optical Device Technology (Photodiode, Wavelength Converter, Optical Signal Processing, etc) Ultra-high-speed Optical Device Technology (Photodiode, Wavelength Converter, Optical Signal Processing, etc) KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories Outline Introduction Silica-based PLC AWG Thermo-optical PLC-SW Optical devices for FTTH Silicone polymer based PLC Digital TOSW TO wavelength tunable filter • Summary KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories D E M U X 1, 2,,,,,, n 1 2 n FiberOptical amplifier Fibers 1, 2,,,,,, n OXC OADM OXC OXC OXC Photonic network i+2 1 2 n M U X Point-to-point WDM transmission OADM i, i+1 MUX/DEMUX: WDM multi/demultiplexer OXC: Optical crossconnect OADM: Optical add/drop multiplexer MUX/DEMUX Optical switch Fibers Photonic networks KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories WDM TDM OXC OADM FTTH Photonic Networks Lower cost Larger scale Micro-optics Fiber-type (gratings) PLC-type Optical filters Mechanical SW PLC TOSW Polymer TOSW Olive MEMS Semiconductor, LN Optical switches Optical devices for photonic networks KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories Silica-based PLC - excellent physical and chemical stability - good compatibility with optical fibers - low-loss single-mode channel waveguide - compact and economical devices - AWG -TO PLC-SW -Filters for access networks -Hybrid modules with PLC platform KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories Silica PLC fabrication FHD Consolidation RIE FHD + Consolidation Core Under cladding Over cladding SiO2-GeO2 particles SiO2 particles Si substrate KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories Slab (Lens) Slab (Lens) Arrayed waveguides (Grating) Output waveguidesInput waveguides AWG configuration λ1 ~ λn λ1 λn KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories Compact package AWG module AWG chip 䊶Size䋺90㬍50㬍11 mm3 䊶Power䋺 4.0 W (2/3) KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories Channel number increase in AWG 10 100 1000 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 Year C ha nn el N um be r Research Product 400ch 64ch SHΔ KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories Parameters 0.8 nm 0.4 nm 0.2 nm 0.2 nm (100 GHz) (50 GHz) (25 GHz) (25 GHz) Number of channels 8 8 32 64 128 256 Center wavelength Path difference 12.8 μm 50.3 μm 63.0 μm 63.0 μm 63.0 μm 27.7 μm Focal length 2.38 mm 5.68 mm 11.35 mm 24.2 mm 36.3 mm 41.1 mm Diffraction order 12 47 59 59 59 26 On-chip loss 2.4 dB 6.1 dB 2.1 dB 2.8 dB 3.5 dB 2.7 dB 3-dB Bandwidth 6.3 nm 0.74 nm 40 GHz 19 GHz 11 GHz 14..4 GHz (BPM simulation) (6.3 nm) (0.75 nm) (37 GHz) (21 GHz) (9.5 GHz) (12.5 GHz) Channel crosstalk <-28 dB <-29 dB <-28 dB <-27 dB <-16 dB <-33 dB Experimental results Channel spacing 1.55 μm 15 nm 2 nm Experimental performance of fabricated AWGs KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 Tr an sm is si on (d B ) 1525 1535 1545 1555 1565 15851575 Wavelength (nm) 1 129 256 Spectra of 256 channel AWG On-chip loss: 4.4 ~ 6.4 dB PD-λ: <0.03 nm 3-dB bandwidth: 0.12 nm Far-end crosstalk: < - 33 dB KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories Center port spectra of 256 channel AWG 128 129 130 TE TM 1550 1552 1554 1556 1558 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 Wavelength (nm) Tr an sm is si on (d B ) On-chip loss: ~ 4.4 dB PD-λ: <0.03 nm 3-dB bandwidth: 0.12 nm Far-end crosstalk: < - 33 dB KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories 256 channel AWG module 80 mm Input port Slab waveguide Output ports (1.5% Δ waveguide) (0.75% Δ ) AWG Fan-out PLC 128-fiber array KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories -40 -30 -20 -10 0 1546 1550 1554 1558 Wavelength (nm) Tra nsm itta nc e ( dB ) 0 㷄 25 㷄 50 㷄 70 㷄 85 㷄 0 㷄 85 㷄 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 1546 1550 1554 1558 Wavelength (nm) Tra nsm itta nc e ( dB ) 0 㷄25 㷄 50 㷄 70 㷄 85 㷄 (a) Conventional (b) Athermal Δ L silicone Arrayed waveguide Groove Silicone = -37 x 10-5(1/oC ) d nsilicone d T = 1 x 10-5(1/oC ) d nSiO2 d T Transmission spectra of athermal AWG KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories Silica PLC TOSW Mach-Zehnder (MZ) 2x2 TO Switch a b Thin Film Heater (Heater temperature : +30㷄) 0 10 20 30 40 Time (msec) Applied Power Optical Output ON OFF ON 0.35 W-0.5 W 2 ms Switching Response OFF (ΔnL=0) ON (ΔnL=λ/2) Directional Coupler (DC) Si Substrate a b ΔnL KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories 16x16 TOSW configuration 10 0 m m #1-1 #1-2 #2-1 #2-2 #3-1 #3-2 #4-2 #4-1 #5-1#5-2#6-1#6-2 #7-1 #7-2 #8-1 #8-2 #10-2 #11-1#11-2 #9-1 #9-2 #10-1 #12-1#12-2 #13-1 #13-2 #14-1 #14-2 #15-1 #15-2 #16-2#16-1 100 mm Strictly Non-blocking Matrix Switch Arrangement 1st MZ unit 2nd MZ unit Switching Unit Optical Signal OFF ON 1a 2a 3a 4a 5a 6a 7a 8a 3b 2b 1b 4b 7b 6b 5b 8b Output waveguidesInput waveguides Stage#1 #3 #4 #6 #7 #8#5#2 : Intersection between switching unit stages : Switching unit 16x16 TOSW layout KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories 16x16 TOSW module Input fibers Output fibers PLCDriving IC Connector (26pins) Wire bonding Size: 165 x 160 x 23 mm Ceramic substrate KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories 165 x 160 x 23Size (mm) 4Switching time (ms) ~ 13 䋨0.8 W x 16䋩Power (W) > 46.1 (59.7)Extinction ratio(dB) < 8.1 (7.1) Insertion loss (dB) 16x16TOSW Light Source: 1.55 µm n = 256 0 20 40 60 80 100 5 6 7 8 9 Insertion Loss (dB) Ave.: 6.6 dB S䌴.Dev.: 0.3 dB N um be r Characteristics of 16 x 16 TOSW KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories Optical Devices for FTTH systemOptical Devices for FTTH system 䂓䂓Passive DevicePassive Device 䊶䊶Optical Splitter/couplerOptical Splitter/coupler 䊶䊶Optical FilterOptical Filter 䂓䂓Signal Light SourceSignal Light Source 䊶䊶Semiconductor Lasers Semiconductor Lasers 䋨䋨FPFP--LD, DFBLD, DFB--LD, SSLD, SS--LD)LD) 䊶䊶Wavelength tunable laserWavelength tunable laser 䂓䂓Optical transceiver moduleOptical transceiver module 䊶䊶Hybrid integrated with a PLC platformHybrid integrated with a PLC platform 䊶䊶CoCo--axialaxial䇮䇮MiniMini--DILDIL䇮䇮ButterflyButterfly䇮䇮SFP/SFP/䌸䌸SP, etc.SP, etc. RequirementsRequirements 䊶䊶Low cost (Low cost (High massHigh mass--productivity)productivity) 䊶䊶Good reliabilityGood reliability 䊶䊶InterInter--operabilityoperability 䊶䊶A large number WDM channels (= wavelengths)A large number WDM channels (= wavelengths) KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories Customer NTT Contents server Optical fiber Coax Ethernet 䋨100Mbit/s䇮1Gbit/s䋩 Broadcaster 770MHz Ethernet 䋨100Mbit/s䋩 B-ONU V-ONU B-OLT V-OLT Video Tx Video distribution Service 䋨BS/CS/CATV䋩 WDM Data Video Internet EMDX 1.49㱘m 1.31㱘m 1.55㱘m WDM Wavelength (μm)1.26 1.36 1.48 1.55 1.56 Up Down 1.50 B-PON B-PON EnhancementBand Future L Band Optical devices in Optical devices in 䌂䌂--䌐䌏䌎䌐䌏䌎 systemsystem 1.26-1.50 μm: ATM-PON transport services 1.55-1.56 μm: Video distribution services WDM filterWDM filterOptical splitterOptical splitterOptical transceiver Optical transceiver modulemodule KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories Tape fiberTape fiber SubstrateSubstrate PLCPLC PackagePackage 1x4/1x8 Optical Splitter1x4/1x8 Optical Splitter YY--branch waveguidebranch waveguide WaveguideWaveguide OLTOLT Optical adhesive Optical adhesive 䋨䋨FiberFiber--PLC jointPLC joint䋩䋩 ONUONU 1x4 Splitter 䋨38x4x4 mm) � � � � � 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 Wavelength (nm) In se rt io n Lo ss [d B ] Port1Port2 Port3 Port4 1x4 Optical Coupler Spectral Loss Supplier: NELSupplier: NEL KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories -3.0 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 1450 1500 1550 1600 Wavelength (nm) Tra nsm itta nc e ( dB ) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 PD L 㽴→㽲㽴→㽳 Insertion loss WDM filter for video distribution serviceWDM filter for video distribution service Package size䋺䌌35mm㬍5mm㱂 㻢44 dB@1.55mm㽲䋨=㽴䋩Return loss 㻢23 dB@1.49mm㽴→㽲 㻢61 dB@1.55mm㽴→㽳 Isolation 0.5 dB@1.55mm㽴→㽲 0.8 dB @1.31&1.49mm㽴→㽳Insertion loss Property (dB)PortProperty Detailed properties will be reported in OFC2004䋨2/22䌾24䋬Los Angels䋩 Thin-film filter 1.49䋫1.55 μm 1.55 μm 1.31 μm 1.49 μm 1.31 μm 㽲 㽳 㽴 Cross waveguide 䋨PLC䋩 Groove KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories SizeSize䋺䋺 12 x 6.5 x 90 mm12 x 6.5 x 90 mm33 Gull wing typeGull wing type AWG with 20nm channel spacingAWG with 20nm channel spacing Compact and low loss (Compact and low loss (2.6dB2.6dB䌾䌾3.3dB)3.3dB) Gull wing type 88--ch CWDM filterch CWDM filter Transmission spectra of AWG(TE) -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 1450 1470 1490 1510 1530 1550 1570 1590 1610 1630 KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories Re la ti ve c os t Technological Trend Discrete Type Hybrid Integration Type Monolithic Type Discrete Module Fabrication time 11 11 < 1/20 < 1/4 PLC Hybrid Module Waveguide PD PLC platform SS-LDWDM filter 1.3/1.55μm 1.55μm Micro-optics Module Cost reduction of optical transceiver moduleCost reduction of optical transceiver module Number of components LD module PD moduleCircuit board WDM Splitter 1.5μm 1.5μm 1.3μm PD LD+PD (monitor)Half mirror ファイバ Coupler 1.3μm 1.55μm 1.55μm 1.3μm MZ-WDM LD+PD PLC PD 1.3/1.5μm 1.3μm 1.5μm 1.5μm PLC Hybrid Module Fiber KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories Configuration Characteristics Module without cover Hybrid integrated optical transceiver moduleHybrid integrated optical transceiver module KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories Configuration Spectrum Compact multiCompact multi--wavelength laser modulewavelength laser module Total throughput: 40Total throughput: 40--Gb/sGb/s ((44--channel x 10 channel x 10 Gb/sGb/s)) Transmission: 10Transmission: 10--kmkm KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories - variety of optical functions - simple and cost effective fabrication process - large TO coefficient (more than 10 times higher than SiO2's) - Digital TOSW - TO wavelength tunable filter Polymer based PLC KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories Schematic configuration of 1 x 8 digital TOSW Thin Film Heaters1 x 8 Waveguide 40 mm C om m on P or t B ra nc he d P or ts 5. 5 m m KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 E le ct ric al F ie ld Calculated by BPM Heater power: 100 mW Electrical field in a Y-branching TO switch KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 Tr an sm is si on (d B ) Total Heater Power (mW) ON Port OFF Ports Fiber-to-fiber transmission of 1 x 8 digital TOSW at 1550 nm KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories ON port OFF ports Transmission > -3.0 dB < -43 dB PDL < 0.1 dB about 3 dB Transmission characteristics of 1 x 8 digital TOSW Driving power: 450 mW KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 Tr an sm is si on (d B ) Wavelength (nm) ON Port OFF Port Transmission spectra of the 1 x 8 digital TOSW driving power: 390 mW KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� ᳈໮ᑇ䴶ܝ⊶ᇐᡔᴃǃܝ᮴⑤఼ӊݙᆍ䇋䆓䯂� KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� Photonics Laboratories Heater BHeater A E1 Arrayed waveguide E2 λ N-1 λ 2 λ N λ 1 Output …λ 1, λ 2 ,… λ N-1, λ N Input Straight waveguide Heater Slab waveguide Configuration of TO wavelength tunable filter KWWS���SKRWRQLFV�LQWHJUDWLRQ�VSDFHV�OLYH�FRP� 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