lighting policy

E-street Initiative Work Package 4.2 National guidelines 4.7.2008 On behalf of the E-Street project (www.e-streetlight.com) The sole responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Communities. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. 2(25) TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INDRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................3 2. STATE OF THE ART IN PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES.................................................................3 2.1 Bulgaria ................................................................................................................................3 2.1.1 Abstract ............................................................................................................................3 2.1.2 Lighting policy...................................................................................................................3 2.1.3 National code of practice for road lighting .........................................................................4 2.2 Czech Republic ....................................................................................................................5 2.3 Denmark...............................................................................................................................5 2.3.1 Abstract ............................................................................................................................5 2.3.2 National code of practice for road lighting .........................................................................6 2.4 Finland .................................................................................................................................7 2.4.1 Abstract ............................................................................................................................7 2.4.2 Lighting policy...................................................................................................................8 2.4.3 National code of practice for road lighting .........................................................................8 2.5 Germany ............................................................................................................................10 2.6 Ireland ................................................................................................................................11 2.6.1 Lighting Policy for National Roads and Motorways (Draft) ..............................................11 2.6.2 National code of practice for road lighting .......................................................................12 2.7 Netherlands........................................................................................................................13 2.7.1 Abstract ..........................................................................................................................13 2.7.2 Verlichting Openbare Ruimte (Lighting of public areas) ..................................................13 2.7.3 Nederlandse Praktijk Richtlijn (NPR 13201-1) (Practical Dutch guidelines)....................13 2.7.4 Handboek Dynamische Verlichting (Handbook for dynamic lighting) ..............................14 2.8 Northern Ireland..................................................................................................................14 2.8.1 Lighting policy.................................................................................................................14 2.9 Norway ...............................................................................................................................15 2.9.1 Lighting policy.................................................................................................................15 2.9.2 National code of practice for road lighting .......................................................................15 2.10 Poland ................................................................................................................................16 2.10.1 Procedures of management of street lighting in Poland ..................................................16 2.11 Portugal..............................................................................................................................17 2.11.1 Need of road lighting.......................................................................................................17 2.11.2 Lighting classes ..............................................................................................................18 2.11.3 Performance requirements .............................................................................................18 2.12 Slovenia .............................................................................................................................19 2.13 Sweden ..............................................................................................................................20 2.13.1 Abstract ..........................................................................................................................20 2.13.2 Lighting policy.................................................................................................................20 2.13.3 National code of practice for road lighting .......................................................................21 2.14 United Kingdom..................................................................................................................24 2.14.1 General guidelines..........................................................................................................24 2.14.2 British standards.............................................................................................................24 3(25) 1. INDRODUCTION This report gives state of the art in the field of national guidelines. Contents is based on the information from the participating countries. Extent and accuracy of documents vary moderately. Some countries have the national light- ing policy, European standards, especially EN 13201, are widely adopted. Adaptive road lighting is already mentioned in few cases. 2. STATE OF THE ART IN PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES 2.1 Bulgaria 2.1.1 Abstract There isn’t а special National Administration in Bulgaria, responsible for road lighting and lighting policy. The municipality of the town is the proprietor of the street lighting and it elaborates its own specific lighting policy according to the local problems and the financial possibilities. The Executive Road Agency takes care of road lighting in Bulgaria but usually only for con- crete proposals to illuminate one or another road and provide the necessary investment. There isn’t a special section or team of specialists, which lay down the lighting policy. For many years the code for street lighting was BSS 5504/1982 (Bulgarian standard for street lighting). Two years ago the European standard for street lighting BSS EN 13201/2005 was accepted – official only parts 2, 3 and 4, but part 1 is used always too. The differences between the two standards are not considerable. The quality of lamps and luminaires have to correspond to the requirements of Bulgarian and European standards and CIE Recommendations. National standards for lamps and lumi- naires are harmonized with the European standards. There is an independent control upon the projects and the realization of street lighting. 2.1.2 Lighting policy Municipalities are the proprietors of the street lighting equipments in the towns. The lighting of roads between towns is public property and the Executive Road Agency con- trols it in all the country. The municipalities and the Executive Road Agency plan and invest in the construction of new lighting and refurbishment of obsolete road lighting. The maintenance of road lighting is dif- ferent. In some towns private firms maintain the road lighting. In other cases, the municipality has its own service. The street lighting is automatically switched on 30 minutes before sunrise and switched off 30 minutes after sunset. For this purpose radio control is used and in rural areas – electrical clockworks with seasonal correction. Now adaptive street lighting is very topical. A few pilot projects for will probably be realized next year. 4(25) 2.1.3 National code of practice for road lighting The Bulgarian standard for street lighting BSS 5504/1982 is still valid. But our designers use now only the European standard for street lighting BSS EN 13201/2005. 2.1.3.1 Need for road lighting Basic parameters of street lighting: Average luminance Average illuminance Overall uniformity Lengthwise uniformity Glare restriction (TI %) 2.1.3.2 Performance requirements for lighting parameters Lighting situation is defined in conformity with type, speed and volume of traffic, as it is indi- cated in European standard. Choice of lighting class is according to European Standard and CEN recommendation. All recommendations of European Standard for dry road surface are considered. Tables with the values of lighting requirements for motorized traffic, conflict areas and pe- destrian, given in European standard are taken into account. 2.1.3.3 Public roads in rural areas The lighting in rural areas is designed and implemented according to the requirements of the European Standard. The lighting class of the streets is usually ME5, ME6 or ES. 2.1.3.4 Roads and streets on urban areas The beautification aspects of street lighting has become important in resent times. The beautiful night picture of the town depends on the quality of street lighting. That is why the contemporary trend is characterized by using “ architectural street luminaires “ with special design, illumination of representative avenues, boulevards, residential areas, parks and gardens, shopping areas with white light with improve color rendering. 2.1.3.5 Tunnels The tunnel lighting in Bulgaria is designed and implemented according to the requirements of the European Standard for tunnel lighting. Traffic weighted L20 method and high-pressure sodium lamps and asymmetrical counterbeam lighting system to diminish the electricity con- sumption are used. The electrical installation is defined in conformity with the recommendations in RABT – DIN 67524 2.1.3.6 Planning and design • Preliminary study of the object and elaboration of assignment for design. 5(25) • First stage (level) of design: principle technical solution of all part of street lighting equip- ment. • Second stage (level) – final design is based on the preliminary design. It is worked out separately for each detail of lighting equipment and describes the technical implementa- tion of the proposed solutions in the first stage of design. It is the basic document of the activity planning for the construction. • There is an independent control upon the projects and the realization of street lighting. 2.2 Czech Republic Private companies or companies owned by municipality maintaining public lighting or “Direc- torate of roads and highways” has the responsibility for planning and design, installation and maintenance of road lighting. There are one basic document based on the european standard for road lighting, which is in effect since April 2007 and consits of four parts: ČSN CEN/TR 13 201-1: Road lighting – Part 1: “Selection of lighting classes” ČSN EN 13201-2: Road lighting – Part 2: Performance requirements. ČSN EN 13201-3: Road lighting – Part 3: Calculation of performance. ČSN EN 13201-4: Road lighting – Part 4: Methods of measuring the light performance of in- stallations. The first part standard offers further guidance on the selection of lighting classes and also specifies the lighting classes set out in EN 13201-2 and gives guidelines on the application of these classes. It is stated the way of reclassification of illuminated relevant area during different periods of the night also in different seasons of the year. Significant variation of parameter values can apply at different periods of the night, particularly in respect of ambient luminance and traffic flow. If there is a significant change of traffic flow and/or luminance during the night, it is recom- mended to use proper means to reduce lighting level and so the comsumption of electrical energy. By dimming it is necessary to sustain illuminance uniformity. Reduction of lighting level might be underlaid by analysis of variation of the traffic flow on the relevant area (analy- sis of AHT-average hour traffic) and/or change of ambient luminance during the night (during the operation of lighting system). It is allowed to reduce the lighting level up to 50% nominal lighting level (average value of maintained luminance or illuminance) correspondig to appro- priate lighting class. In the case of extreme decrease of the traffic flow, it is allowed to reduce lighting level up to 25 % nominal lighting level. Reduction of lighting level about more than 50 % nominal lighting level must be underlaid by analysis of variation of traffic flow on the rele- vant area and must be approved by appropriate road authority. In the case of road lighting with increased crime risk and/or accident frequency in night time, dimming of lighting systems is not recommended. Obtrusive light and disturbing light from outside are discussed in accordance with CEN stan- dard. 2.3 Denmark 2.3.1 Abstract In Denmark the European norm is published as DS/EN 13201, but local Danish recommen- dations from 1999 is still in force. The L- , LE- and L- classes in the Danish recommendation corresponds to MEW ,CE- and A- classes in the European norm, but there are differences in specifications on disability glare, lengthwise uniformity and wet road uniformity 6(25) 2.3.2 National code of practice for road lighting 2.3.2.1 Content The Danish “Vejbelysningsregler, 1999”.has the following chapters 1. Introduction 2. Planning of road lighting 3. Establishing of road lighting 3.1.1 General 3.1.2 Motor- and motor traffic roads 3.1.3 Traffic roads 3.1.4 Crossings 3.1.5 Round abouts 3.1.7 Parths, pedestrian areas/streets and park- inlots 3.1.8 Pedestrian crossings 3.1.9 Speed limmiting obstructions 3.2 Roads in open land 4. The installation 4.1 Mast geometry 4.2 Height of masts 4.3 Lighting of pedestrian crossings 4.4 Luminaires 4.4.1 Surroundings 4.4.2 Glare 4.4.3 Vandal classes 4.5 Lamps 4.6 Masts 4.7 Lighting of surroundings 4.8 Estetical aspects 4.9 Optical guidance 5.. Changing of existing in- stallations 5.1 General 5.2 Changing of electrical installation 5.3 Changing of light technical quality 6. Periodical dimming of road lighting 7. Annex A – Lighting classes Annex B - Luminaires 7(25) 2.3.2.2 Performance requirements for lighting parameters Requirements for motor traffic are based on luminance concept in accordance with recom- mendations of CIE and CEN standards. Wet surfaces must be taken into account. Illumi- nance concept is used on conflict areas and for pedestrian and bicycle traffic and quality control. Example of specifications: 2.3.2.3 Additional guidance documentation: As a suplement to ”Vejbelysningsregler” a handbook on technical issues and one about eastetical aspects are published. 2.4 Finland 2.4.1 Abstract The Finnish National Road Administration has the responsibility for planning and design, in- stallation and maintenance of road lighting on public roads. There are three basic docu- ments: lighting policy, code of practice for road lighting and general requirements and speci- fications. Lighting policy gives general rules. Code of practice includes eight chapters with coherent guidelines for the practical planning and design. The Third edition was published in 2006. This revised version is based on the latest CIE recommendations and CEN standards. Saving of energy, minimizing of LCC costs and the use of adaptive road lighting are emphasized. General specifications include requirements for construction and installation works. Further- more there are performance requirements for the adaptive road lighting. 8(25) 2.4.2 Lighting policy Document gives general rules: - Owner of road lighting - Construction of new road lighting - Need for road lighting - Rehabilitation of obsolete road lighting - Maintenance of road lighting Conditions for dimming, night-time switching off and adaptive lighting is given in this chapter Example Profitable traffic volumes from traffic economics point of view. Volumes are predicted num- bers ten years after installation of road lighting Road category ADT (veh/d) Motorway - central reserve > 12 m - central reserve < 12 m Semi-motorway 40 000 18 000 13 000 Junction density (pc/km) Roads in the basic network 0 2 5 Roads with central guard rail 12 000 10 000 8 000 Other main roads - cars only - all-purpose 8 000 6 000 5 000 4 000 Collector roads - all-purpose 5 000 3 000 2.4.3 National code of practice for road lighting The third edition was published in 2006. Publication No TIEH 21003-v-06 (the Finnish title “Tievalaistuksen suunnittelu”) can be downloaded from web side of FinRA www.tiehallinto.fi/thohje. 2.4.3.1 Need for road lighting There are six paragraphs dealing with - effect of road lighting on the traffic safety - light as a part of the road environment - objects to be lighted - economic calculations - adaptive road lighting with intelligent control Concept is based on the findings of E-Street project 2.4.3.2 Performance requirements for lighting parameters Requirements for motor traffic are based on luminance concept in accordance with recom- mendations of CIE and CEN standards. Wet surfaces must be taken into account. Illumi- 9(25) nance concept is used on conflict areas and for pedestrian and bicycle traffic and quality control. Choice of lighting class is a simplified method in line with CEN recommendation. This para- graph includes also instructions how luminance can vary depending on traffic volume and road conditions in accordance with the functional and quality requirements presented in the final engineering. Obtrusive light and disturbing light from outside are discussed in accordance with CEN stan- dard. 2.4.3.3 Public roads on rural areas Instructions for selection of the lighting solutions. Saving of energy and minimising on LCC costs are important measures. Examples of arrangements for road in different functional classes of roads, intersections, interchanges, other areas, bridges etc. 2.4.3.4 Roads and streets on urban areas Basic principles as above. In addition city beautification aspects. 2.4.3.5 Tunnels Instructions are in accordance with CIE and CEN recommendations. The traffic weighted L20 method is used. 2.4.3.6 Planning and design Design tools for lighting technics, columns, foundations, electricity systems, and cost calcu- lations. Paragraph “Electricity systems” includes instructions for the intelligent control of the adaptive road lighting. 2.4.3.7 Lightin