英语课件英语构词法课件

nullnull英语构词法null英语构词法主要有三种： 转化、合成与派生。 英语构词法种类另外还有截短、缩合等。null1. 转化 : 是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。 water n. 水 ------ water vt. 浇水常见的转化形式两种： 动词 --- 名词 名词 --- 动词 null 动词----名词 stop vt. 停止 --- n.车站 love vt. 爱 --- n. 爱 Watch vt. 观看 --- n. 手 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf record vt. 录音 --- n. 纪录 comb vt. 梳理(头发) --- n. 梳子 abuse vt. 辱骂 --- n. 辱骂 null 名词 ---- 动词 hand n. 手 --- vt. 上交 seat n. 座位 --- vt. 坐 nurse n. 护士 --- vt. 护理 oil n. 油 --- vt. 上油 time n. 时间 --- vt. 定时，测时 shoulder n. 肩膀 --- vt. 肩负nullmine n. 矿山 --- vt. 开矿 barbecue n. 烧烤---vt. 在烤架上烤 ship n. 船 --- vt. 用船装运 finance n. 金融--- vt. 为……提供资金 stain n. 污点,污迹 --- vt. 玷污，污染 draft n. 草稿 --- vt. 起草 head n. 头 --- v. 前进 transport n. 运输 --- vt. 运输 null副词 --- 动词 down adv. 向下 --- v. 放下 副词 --- 名词 nowhere adv. 任何地方都不 --- n. 无处，无名的地方 null形容词 --- 名词 freezing adj. 冰冻的 --- n. 冰点 solid adj. 固体的,坚实的--- n. 固体数词 --- 动词 second num. 第二 --- v. 赞成 --- n. 秒 null2. 合成 : 有两个或更多的词合成一个词。 class 班级 + room 房间 = classroom 教室 warm + heart + ed = warmhearted 热心肠的 good + looking = good-looking 相貌好看的nullhard + working = hard-working 勤劳的 peace-loving state-owned well-known ready-mades ightseeing bloodthirsty null3. 派生 : 是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词。 happy --- unhappy develop --- developmentnull前缀一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。 mis- 错误的 + understand v. 理解 --- misunderstand v. 误解 en + large adj. 大的 --- enlarge v. 扩大null后缀一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。 care v. 照料 --- careful adj. 细心的 work v. 工作 --- worker n. 工人null常见的前缀null(A)表示否定的前缀： un-unfair,unhappy non-nonsmoker (常用在n. adj. adv. 前) in-inactive, inhuman, indirect (常用在adj.后) dis-disagree,disappear im-impolite,impossible (用在b,p,m 开头的词前) il-illegal ir-irreal, irregular null(B).表示错误或失当的前缀: mis-misjudge, misdirect(误导) (C).表示向背的前缀: pro-(亲，支持) pro-Chinese, pro-American anti-（阻止，抗） antiwar, anti-Japanese war null(D).表示程度、大小的前缀 super- superstar,supermarket, superman, superpower over- overhead, overeat, overuse mini- minibus, miniskirt, mini-car under- underground, under-develop semi-(半，部分) semicircle, semiskilled, semi-steel null(E).表示时间的前缀 pre- prewar post- postwar fore-(前，预先) foretell, forecast, foresee, weather forecast null(F).表示方位的前缀： sub- subway, submarine inter- international, intercity, interclass trans-(横过，通过，超越，进入) translate, transatlantic null常见的后缀null1.动词变名词： -ation satisfaction, education, realization -ment development, movement, disappointment null-al arrival, refusal -ee trainee, employee -er teacher, worker -or visitor, sailornull2.形容词变名词 -ness happiness, meanness, carelessness -ity ability, possibility -ism Marxism, criticism null3.名词变形容词： -y windy, rainy, sandy -ish foolish, feverish -some handsome, troublesome -ous dangerous, humorous -ful helpful, careful, peaceful null3. 名词、形容词变动词： -ify beautify, simplify -ize realize -en quicken, widen, sharpennull但也有一些带后缀的派生词仅仅改变词义： Kingdom: “职位、状态” freedom Boyhood: “身份，资格” childhood Friendship:情态\状态\性质\身份\职业\技巧\技 能” leadership, hardship Spoonful：构成名词mouthful(满口,一口), handful(一把)null4. 截短 : 是指用截头取尾的方法构成新词。 telephone --- phone influenza --- flu. 流行性感冒null5. 缩合 : 是指把两个或两个以上的词各取一部分合在一起构成一个新单词。smoke and fog ---- smog 烟雾 Test of English as a foreign language – TOEFL 托福 International English language test system - IELTS 雅思null1. The headmaster hurried to the concert hall only _________ the speaker _________ . A. to find； left B. to find； gone C. finding； left D. finding； gonenull 1.The peasant died, leaving his wife and his three children in the world 2. He woke up the next morning, only to find himself in the hospital.nullfind +宾语+宾补find the door open (adj.) find him sitting by the window(-ing) find the wall painted (P.P) find himself in the hospital(prep.phrase) null2.—I failed again. I wish I __ harder. —But you __. A. had worked； hadn’t B. worked； don’t C. had worked； didn’t D. worked； didn’tnullwishI wish you success. I wish you to help me. Give my best wishes to… I wish I were a bird. I wish I could help you. I wish I had attended the ball yesterday.null3.—Why not go out for a walk before breakfast? —Oh，yes. ___ is my favorite time of day. A. In the early morning B. Early morning C. The early of morning D. The early morning that nullIt was early morning when I got home. It was in the early morning that I got home. Was it in the early morning that you got home? When was it that you got home?null4. It was not until liberation that ___ to his hometown. A. did he return B. was he returned C. he did return D. he returnednullIt is I who/ that am going to be sent there to help them 当被强调的是not...until句型时,应将not置于until之前,主句由否定句改为肯定句。 It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcast began. null It was her that told me about it. It was she that told me about it. It is I who the teacher has punished It is me whom the teacher has punished. null强调句It is/was+…that… It is he that/who wants to go instead of you. It was 2:00 when they left. It was at 2:00 that they left. It was because he was late that he was scolded. It was in the street that he was knocked down.null5.—I’d like a pen which _____ well. —Will this one _________? A. writes； do B. writes； work C. is written； do D. is written； worknull6.—Can you finish the writing on time? —_________.  A. Never mind B. With pleasure C. No problem D. All rightnull7.—When _________ we meet again? —_________ it any time you like. A. will； Do B. will； Make C. shall； Do D. shall； Makenull8. Look! There are lots of _________ birds flying over the trees.  A. funny red little B. funny little red C. little funny red D. little red funnynull好美小高状其新， 颜色国料特别亲。 good/beautiful/small(little)/tall/round (interesting)/new red/nationality/wood/null9. They couldn’t eat in a restaurant because _________ of them had _________ money on them. A. all； no B. any； no C. none； any D. no one； anynull10.—Shall we meet right now? —Sorry. I’m too busy to _________ for the moment. A. get through B. get away C. get off D. get togethernullget away（1) 逃脱 (2) 开始，出发；离开；出去旅行或休假 (3) 使离去；移走；送走 Get off (1) 下去，下来；下（公共汽车、火车、飞机等），下（马等） (2) 出发，离去；起飞；起跑 (3) 寄出；发出 (4) 脱掉；除去，摆脱 (5) 免受伤害、灾祸或损失 (6) 学会，记熟 Get together(1) 收集，积聚 (2) 聚集在一处，会集；召集，集拢Get through(1) 通过；使通过 (2) 打通（尤指电话）null11. _________ is known to all，good friends _________ happiness and value to life. A. It； add B. As； add C. It； add up D. As； add tonull add up 总计，总共 add to 增加 add … to 加……到 That will only add to our difficulties. 那只会增加我们的困难。 Add up 6,7 and 8 and you'll get 21. 把六、七、八相加，总数是二十一。null12. Mr. Green left _________ suddenly _________ he came. A. so； that B. so； as C. as； that D. as； asnull13. Good food，not _________，that’s how one gets fat. A. enough exercises B. exercises enough C. enough exercise D. exercise enoughnullexercise ①vi. 锻炼，运动 She should exercise more. They don’t exercise enough. My grandfather exercised and became healthier. ②vt. 练习 We should exercise our legs. He is exercising himself in dancing.null③n. (不可数) 运动，锻炼 I should take more exercise. Exercise is good for old people. ④n. (可数) 操练，学习中的练习题 Students in this school do eye exercises twice a day. We do morning exercises every day. There are seven math exercises to do. null14. It was the very place _________ the soldiers fought over sixty years ago.  A. that B. which C. where D. therenull15.—What about ________ job? —It’s too difficult _________ job for me. A. the； a B. the； the C. a； the D. a； a