緒論：歐洲聯盟人權保障之建構與實踐

?????????????? (????????)?1-7 © 中央研究院歐美研究所 緒論：歐洲聯盟人權保障之建構與實踐* ??? 中央研究院歐美研究所 E-Mail: dchorng@sinica.edu.tw ??????????????????????????? ????????????????1 ???????????? ???????????? (Hartley, 1998: 132-133)?????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ???? ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? * ??????????????????????????????????? ???????? 1 ??????????????????????????Consolidated Versions of the Treaty on European Union and of the Treaty Establishing the European Commu- nity??? OJ 2002, C325/1. 2 ???? ???????????????????? ????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ???????????????(judicial activism) (Weiler, 1986: 1118)? ?????????? Stauder ????2 ???????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ??????????????3 ?????????????? ????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ?? (Weiler, 1999: 334-338)? ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? (Treaty of Nice) ????a?????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? (Snyder, 2003: 529; Horng, 2003: 698)? 2 Case 29/69, [1969] ECR 419. 3 OJ 1977, C103/1. ?? 3 ????????????????????????4 ??? ????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????(sui generis) ????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ??????5 ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ??????? (Habermas, 1998: 113-118)? ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ?????????WTO????????????????? 4 The draft treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe, document CONV 850/03 of 18 July 2003. 5 Alston & Weiler (1999: 14-18); ?? Case C292/97. 4 ???? ????????????????????????????? ???? ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ????????????????????? (??) ???? ???????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????? (declaration of rights) ????????????? (bill of rights)??????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ?? 5 ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ?????????????6 ??????????????? ???????????????????????? (Marko, 2003: 186; Toggenburg, 2003: 273-284)? ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????(the national identities)????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ?? ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? 6 Bull. EU 12-2002, point I.1?I 7. 22. 6 ???? ????????????????????????????? ?????????????WTO????????????? ???????? ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ?? 7 . 4. 參考文獻 Alston, P., & Weiler, J. H. H. (1999). An ever closer union in need of a human right policy: The European Union and human rights. In P. Alston (Ed.), The EU and human rights (pp. 3-66). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Habermas, J. (1998). The postnational constellation: Political essays. Cambridge: Polity. Hartley, T. C. (1998). The foundations of European Community Law (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Horng, D. C. (2003). The human rights clause in the European Un- ion’s external trade and development agreements. European Law Journal, 9, 5: 677-701. Marko, J. (2003). Minority protection through jurisprudence in com- parative perspective: An introduction. Journal of European Integration, 25, 3: 175-188 Snyder, F. (2003). Editorial. European Law Journal, 9, 5: 527-529. Toggenberg, G. N. (2003). Minorities (…) The European Union: Is the missing link an ‘of ’ or a ‘within’? Journal of European Integration, 25, 3: 273-28 Weiler, J. H. H. (1986). Eurocracy and distrust: Some questions con- cerning the role of the European Court of Justice in the protec- tion of fundamental rights within the legal order of the Euro- pean Communities. Washington Law Review, 61: 1103-1142. Weiler, J. H. H. (1999). The constitution of Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 參考文獻