主语和主语补足语 主语和主语补足语 I. 充当主语的成分 1. 名词： Our school is not far from my house. 2. 代词: We like our school very much. 3. 数词: Two plus two is four. 4. 名词性或名词化的词、词组或短语: The mother with her child is coming to the school. 5.动名词: Seeing is believing. 6. 动词不定式: It would be exciting to watch the baseball games. 7. 名词化的过去分词 The disabled are to receive more money and social cares. 8. 从句 That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown. It is certain that he will win the match. Ⅱ. 带有逻辑主语的主语 The children’s wanting that surprised me. The children wanting that surprised me. Three such rascals hanged in one day is good work for society. For me to back out now would be to acknowledge that I am afraid. It is necessary for him to return the book immediately. Ⅲ. 状语形式作主语 Between six and seven will suit me. Just over the bridge is where you’ll find it. Now will be the time. Outside is very quiet. Because Sally wants to leave doesn’t mean that we have to. Ⅳ. 主语+be+补语 补语=表语 补语表示确认意义(可以互换) Deborah is my best friend. My best friend is Deborah. What I need is a good computer. A good computer is what I need. My favorite sport is swimming. Swimming is my favorite sport. The purpose of the instruction is to make it easy for newcomers to find their way around the city. To make it easy for newcomers to find their way around the city is the purpose of the instruction. Two reasons for visiting New York are to see the statue of Liberty and to take pictures from the top of the Empire State Building. To see the statue of Liberty and to take pictures from the top of the Empire State Building are two reasons for visiting New York. 表示特征意义(一般不能互换) Climbing hills is good exercise. This hat is the right size His brother is a sailor. Ⅴ. 主语+补语 How could you be so spiteful, and her your best friend? = seeing that she is your best friend They left without a word, and he so sensitive. =They left without a word, though he was so sensitive. He has been acquitted, and no wonder. =He has been acquitted, and it was no wonder. Or=He has been acquitted, which is no wonder. Ⅵ. 量度形容词作主语补足语 John is old. John is ten years old. ⑴ big, heavy, far, hot等形容词不能被量度名词短语修饰 It’s 20 kilos in weight. ≠ *20 kilos heavy The village is five miles away. ≠ *five miles far ⑵ fast, slow, late等可以与量度名词短语使用 My watch is five minutes fast. The train was ten minutes late. Ⅶ. 作补语的介词短语与进行体 be + at + 名词 = -ing He is at work (=working) on a new invention. at play, at rest, etc. be + on + 名词= -ing The thief was on trial (=being tired) for theft. on patrol, on strike, on holiday, on duty, on a journey, etc. be + under + 名词= -ing Two new motor roads have recently been opened, and several others are under construction (=being constructed). under cultivation, under way, etc. be + in + 名词= -ing The methods with which we are so familiar were not in use (=being used) in those days. in attendance on, in pursuit of, in motion, in progress, etc. Ⅷ. be + as / what 从句 无差别 He is not as/what he was ten years ago. 有差别 This is what I might. 从句中没有be 固定习语 Air is to us as/what water is to fish. Two is to three as/what four is to six. Reading is to the mind as/what food is to the body. Success is to joy as/what failure is to sadness. Ⅸ. 准主语补足语和准宾语补足语 ⑴ 准主语补足语 特殊系动词 描述主语现状arrive, float, go, hang, lie, ride, sit, stand, etc. George stood motionless as a wooden post. go, pass, emerge, escape, survive, etc. + 过去分词 His remarks passed unnoticed. 表示结果boil, fall, run, sink, wash, etc. The well ran dry. ⑵ 准宾语补足语 We don’t eat shrimps raw. (when they are raw). She pushed the door open. Exercises: 1. __A__ find their way home still remains a mystery to biologists. A. How pigeons B. That pigeons C. Since pigeons D. Pigeons 2. _C___ Rudolf Diesel disappeared from a German ship bound for London is still unknown. A. This B. Even though C. How D. That 3. _C___ efficiently depends on the manner in which the fuel oil is injected into its cylinder. A. A diesel engine works B. Since a diesel engine C. Whether a diesel engine works D. Even though a diesel engine works 4. _A___ salmon find their way back to their birthplaces still remains a puzzle in nature. A. How B. There C. Not that D. That 5. _D___ pigeons can find their way home is beyond dispute. A. There are B. It is C. How D. That 6. _B___ the earth is round is a well-known fact. A. Since B. That C. Whether D. This 7. _D___ the universe resulted from a huge explosion known as the “Big Bang” is widely accepted among astronomers in the world. A. How B. When C. Whether D. That 8. _A___ some precious stones can keep evils away and bring about good fortune is a deeply rooted belief among the Chinese people. A. Why B. How C. There are D. That 9. In 1857, Elizabeth Blackwell established the first hospital for women and children which later became ____ is now the New York Infirmary for Women Children. A. what B. that C. where D. when 10. The main reason architects are building more and more skyscrapers is ____ the building space becoming increasingly limited. A. because B. when C. that D. where 11. One of the advantages of the photovoltaic cell is because it provides a clean source of energy directly from the sun. 12. “Did Mary enjoy her trip on the ocean liner?” “No, she stayed in her cabin while the ship was ____.” A. to sea B. over the sea C. in the sea D. at sea 13. “I like your flower garden very much.” “Thank you, everything is ____ bloom now,” A. in B. by C. on D. at 14. Cotton production has been ____ the decline these years. A. down B. on C. at D. under 15. The survival of civilization as we know it is ____ threat. A. within B. under C. towards D. upon 16. What he said just now had little to do with the question ____ discussion. A. on B. in C. under D. at 17. The reason I didn’t go to France was ____ a new job. A. because I got B. because of getting C. due to D. that I got 18. Output is now six times ____ it was before 1990. A. that B. what C. that which D. of that 19. Water will continue to be ____ it is today — next in importance to oxygen. A. how B. which C. as D. what 20. “What’s the matter with Harry?” “I don’t know, but he certainly looks ____ he’d lost his best friend.” A. that B. so that C. as D. as if 21. Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs ____ indicated. A. like B. so C. which D. as 22. ____ men have learned much from the behavior of animals is hardly new. A. What B. Those C. That D. Whether 23. ____ is the center of our planetary system was a difficult concept to grasp in the Middle Age. A. It is the sun and not the earth B. Being the sun and not the earth C. The sun and not the earth D. That the sun and not the earth 24. They lost their way in the forest, and ____ made matters worse was that night began to fall. A. that B. it C. what D. which 25. A man cannot be really happy if that he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance. 26. That his explanation comes to is that we can expect no further help from him. 27. Contrary to that I had expected, the meeting failed to adopt either of the proposals. 28. Paul never told us why was he absent from the meeting yesterday, did he? 29. Many years ago, churches were protected by the belief that who stole from a sacred place would go to hell. 30. If I knew his address, I ____ to him. A. can write B. could write C. could have written D. had written 2006年英语专业四级语法
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31. __D__ dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive. A. Although B. Whatever C. As D. However 32. If only I __B__ play the guitar as well as you! A. would B. could C. should D. might 33. The party, __D__ I was the guest of honor, was extremely enjoyable. A. by which B. for which C. to which D. at which 34. It’s high time we __B__ cutting down the rainforests. A. stopped B. had to stop C. shall stop D. stop 35. The student said there were a few points in the essay he __C_ impossible to comprehend. A. has found B. was finding C. had found D. would find 36. Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone __D__ an opportunity to the speech. A. ought to have B. must have C. may have D. should have 37. I am surprised __A__ this city is a dull place to live in. A. that you should think B. by what you are thinking C. that you would think D. with what you were thinking 38. Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not __B__ for her work. A. enough good B. good enough C. as good enough D. good as enough 39. It is imperative that the government __C__ more investment into the shipbuilding industry. A. attracts B. shall attract C. attract D. has to attract 40. Land belongs to the city; there is __D__ thing as private ownership of land. A. no such a B. not such C. not such a D. no such 41. My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she could walk __C__ far. A. / B. such C. that D. as 42. The statistics __D__ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times. A. proves B. is proving C. are proving D. prove 43. There are only ten apples left in the baskets, __A__ the spoilt ones. A. not counting B. not to count C. don’t count D. having not counted 44. It was __C__ we had hoped. A. more a success than B. a success more than C. as much of a success as D. a success as much as 45. There used to be a petrol station near the park, __D__? A. didn’t it B. doesn’t there C. usedn’t it D. didn’t there 46. It is an offence to show __D__ against people of different races. A. distinction B. difference C. separation D. discrimination 47. A great amount of work has gone into _B___ the Cathedral to its previous splendor. A. refreshing B. restoring C. renovating D. renewing 48. The thieves fled with the local police close on their _D___. A. backs B. necks C. toes D. heels 49. The economic recession has meant that job __A__ is a rare thing. A. security B. safety C. protection D. secureness 50. Many people nowadays save money to ___C_ for their old age. A. cater B. supply C. provide D. equip 51. The tone of the article __B__ the writer’s mood at the time. A. reproduced B. reflected C. imagined D. imitated 52. This is not the right __A__ to ask for my help; I am far too busy even to listen. A. moment B. situation C. movement D. circumstance 53. The job of a student accommodation officer __D__ a great many visits to landladies. A. concerns B. offers C. asks D. involves 54. Out family doctor’s clinic __B__ at the junction of two busy roads. A. rests B. stands C. stays D. seats 55. She was so fat that she could only just ___C_ though the door. A. assemble B. appear C. squeeze D. gather 56. After the heavy rain, a builder was called to repair the roof, which was __A__. A. leaking B. trickling C. dropping D. declining 57. The reception was attended by __C__ members of the local community. A. excellent B. conspicuous C. prominent D. noticeable 58. Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but __B__ slightly in the afternoon. A. regained B. recovered C. restored D. revived 59. His __D__ brain has worked away on the idea of universal cure. A. rich B. quick C. productive D. fertile 60. The couple has donated a not __A__ amount of money to the foundation. A. inconsiderable B. inconsiderate C. inaccurate D. incomparable
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