土木工程英语证书(PEC)考试-土力学词汇
A
absorbed water 吸着水
accumulation sedimentation method
累积沉淀法
active earth pressure主动土压力Ea
activity index 活性指数A
adamic earth,red soil 红粘土
additional stress(pressure)of subsoil
地基附加应力(压力) z
adverse geologic phenomena 不良地质现象
aeolian soils 风积土
aeolotropic soil 各向异性土
air dried soils 风干土
allowable subsoil bearing capacity
地基容许承载力[ 0]
allowable settlement 容许沉降
alluvial soil 冲积土
angle between failure plane and major principal plane 破坏面与大主平面的夹角
angle of internal,external (wall) friction
内摩擦角 、外(墙背)摩擦角
angular gravel,angular pebble 角砾
anisotropic soil 各向异性土
aquifer 含水层
aquifuge,impermeabler layer 不透水层
area of foundation base 基础底面面积A
artesian water head 承压水头
artificial fills 人工填土
artificial foundation 人工地基
Atterberg Limits 阿太堡界限
attitude 产状
average consolidation pressure
平均固结压力
average heaving ratio of frozen soil layer
冻土层的平均冻胀率
average pressure ,additional pressure of
foundation base
基底平均压力、平均附加压力p 、p0
B
base tilt factor of foundation
基础倾斜系数bc、bq 、b
base tilt factors基底倾斜系数bc、bq、b
bearing capacity 承载力
bearing capacity factors
承载力系数Nc, 、Nq, 、N
[California]Bearing Ratio [CBR] 承载比
bearing stratum 持力层
bedrock,original rock 基岩
beginning hydraulic gradient
起始水力梯度(坡降)io
Biot consolidation theory 比奥固结理论
Bishop’s slice method 比肖普条分法
bound water 结合水(束缚水)
boulder 漂石
Boussinesq theory 布辛奈斯克理论
bridge 桥梁
bridge pier 桥墩
broken stone,crushed stone 碎石
bulk modulus 体积模量
buried depth of foundation 基础埋置深度d
buoyant density 浮密度
buoyant gravity density(unit weight)
浮重度(容重) ’
C
California Bearing Ratio(CBR) 加州承载比
capillary rise 毛细水上升高度
capillary water 毛细(管)水
categorization of geotechnical projects
岩土工程分级
cementation 胶结作用
central load 中心荷载(轴心荷载)
characteristic value of subsoil bearing capacity
地基承载力特征值fak
chemical grouting 化学灌浆
circular footing 圆形基础
clay 粘土
clay content 粘粒含量
clay minerals 粘土矿物
clayey silt 粘质粉土
clayey soils ,clayly soils 粘性土
coarse aggregate 粗骨料
coarse-grained soils 粗粒土
coarse sand 粗砂
cobble 卵石
Code for design of building foundation
建筑地基基础设计
规范
编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载
coefficient of active earth pressure
主动土压力系数Ka
coefficient of passive earth pressure
被动土压力系数KP
coefficient of collapsibility湿陷系数 s
coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数a
coefficient of curvature 曲率系数Cc
coefficient of earth pressure at rest
静止土压力系数K0
coefficient of lateral pressure
侧压力系数K0
coefficient of permeability 渗透系数k
coefficient of secondary consolidation
次固结系数
coefficient of uniformity 不均匀系数
coefficient of vertical consolidation
竖向固结(压密)系数cv.
coefficient of vertical ,horizontal permeability 竖向、水平向渗透系数kh
coefficient of vertical ,horizontal,tangential additional stress beneath a uniform strip load 均布条形荷载下竖向、水平向、切向附加应力系数 sz 、 sx、 sxz
coefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress beneath a uniform round load at centre point均布圆形荷载中点下竖向、平均附加应力系数 r、
coefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress beneath a triangular distributed rectangle load at corner point三角形分布矩形荷载角点下竖向、附加、平均附加应力系数 t1、 t2、
、
coefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress of beneath a uniform rectangle load at corner point 均布矩形荷载角点下竖向、附加、平均附加应力系数 c、
coefficient of vertical additional stress beneath
a concentration load 集中应力系数α
coefficient of viscosity 粘滞系数
coefficient of volume compression
体积压缩系数mV
coefficient of weathering 风化系数
cohesionless soils 无粘性土
cohesive soils 粘性土
collapsibility 湿陷性
compactibility 压实性
compaction by rolling 碾压法
compaction test 击实试验
compaction factor 压实系数 c
compactness 密实度
composite ground 复合地基
compressibility 压缩性
compression index压缩指数Cc
compression(constrained modulus)
压缩(侧限)模量Es
compression zone 受力层,压缩层
compression-curves
压缩曲线(e-p和e-logp曲线)
compressive strength 抗压强度
concentrated load 集中力P
[static]cone penetration test[CPT]
静力触探试验
confined water head 承压水头
confining pressure [周]围压[力]
consistency 稠度
consistency limit 稠度界限
consolidated quick (direct) shear test
固结快剪(直剪)试验
consolidated quick shear cohesion、angle of internal friction 固结快剪粘聚力、内摩擦角ccq 、cq
consolidated undrained triaxial compression test [CU-test] 固结不排水三轴压缩试验
consolidated-undrained cohesion、angle of internal friction 固结不排水粘聚力、内摩擦角ccu、cu
consolidation apparatus
固结仪、压缩仪、渗压仪
consolidation curve 固结 (d-
和d-logt曲线)
consolidation settlement 固结沉降sc
consolidation test (contain compression test ) 固结(压密)试验(含有压缩试验)
constrained diameter of soil partical
限制粒径 d60
constrained modulus 侧限模量Es
contact stress( pressure) 接触应力(压力)
contaminated soil 污染土
corner-point method 角点法
Coulomb’s theory of earth pressure
库伦土压力理论
creep 蠕变
critical edge、critical, ultimate load of subsoil bearing capacity地基承载力的临塑荷载pcr、临界荷载p1/3 p1/4、极限荷载pu
critical height of slope (土坡)临界高度
critical hydraulic gradient 临界水力梯度icr
critical void raio 临界孔隙比
crushed stone,broken stone 碎石
culvert 涵洞
cushion 垫层
cyclic triaxial test 周期三轴试验
D
damping ratio 阻尼比
Darcy’s law 达西定律
Debris flow 泥石流
deep foundation 深基础
deep mixing method 深层搅拌法
degree of compaction 压实度 c
degree of consolidation 固结度U
degree of saturation 饱和度Sr
densification by sand pile 挤密砂桩
density 密度
depth factor of foundation
基础深度系数dc、dq、d
differential settlement 沉降差
dike,levee 堤
dilatancy 剪胀性
diluvial fan 洪积扇
diluvial soils 洪积土
direct shear test 直[接]剪[切]试验
dispersive clay 分散性粘土
disturbed samples 扰动土样
double layer 双电层
drainage cohesion, angle of internal friction
排水[剪]粘聚力、内摩擦角cd、d
drained shear strength 排水抗剪强度d
[consolidated]drained triaxial[compression]test [CD-test][固结]排水三轴[压缩]试验
drift-sand 流砂[现象]
dry density 干密度 d
dry gravity density (unit weight)
干重度(容重) d
dynamic elastic modulus 动弹性模量Ed
dynamic load 动荷载
dynamic penetration test 动力触探试验
dynamic triaxial test 动三轴试验
dynamic shear modulus 动剪切模量Gd
dynamic strain,stress 动应变 d、动应力 d
E
Earth dam 土坝
Earth material 土料
earth pressure at rest 静止土压力E0
earthquake engineering 地震工程学
earth-rock dam 土石坝
earthwork 土石方工程
eccentric load 偏心荷载
eccentricity of foundation base loading
(result of forces) 基础底面荷载合力偏心距e
effective angle of internal friction
有效内摩擦角 ’
effective cohesion 有效粘聚力c’
effective grain size 有效粒径d10
effective stress 有效应力 ’
effective stress path[ESP] 有效应力路径
elastic modulus,Young’s modulus 弹性模量E
electro-osmosis 电渗
embankments 路堤
engineering geologic columnar profile
工程地质柱状图
engineering geologic exploration
工程地质勘察
engineering geologic drilling 工程地质钻探
engineering geologic evaluation 工程地质
评价
LEC评价法下载LEC评价法下载评价量规免费下载学院评价表文档下载学院评价表文档下载
engineering geologic map 工程地质图
engineering geologic mapping 工程地质测绘
engineering geologic profile
工程地质剖面图
engineering geology 工程地质学
environmental geotechnics 环境岩土工程学
equipotential lines 等势线
excavation 开挖
excess hydrostatic pressure 超静水压力
excess pore water pressure (stress)
超孔隙水压力(应力)
expansibility and contractility 胀缩性
expansion ,swelling index 回弹指数Ce
expansive soil 膨胀土
experience factor of settlement calculation 沉降计算经验系数
F
factor of safety 安全系数
failure strength 破坏强度
failure surface 破坏面
fault 断层
field identification 土的现场鉴别
field observation 现场观测
fill 填土
film water,film moisture 薄膜水
filter 反滤层
final settlement 最终沉降量s
final settlement by settlement observation calculating 沉降观测推算的最终沉降量s
fine sand 细砂
fine-grained soils, fines 细粒土
fissured soils 裂隙粘土
fissured water 裂隙水
flocculent structure 絮凝结构
flow line 流线
flow net 流网
fold 褶皱
flowing sand 流砂[现象]
fluvial soils 冲积土
footing ,foundation 基础
foundation settlement 地基(基础)沉降
fraction 粒组
free swelling ratio自由膨胀率 ef
free water 自由水
free water elevation ,surface 地下水位
freezing method 冻结法
friction coefficient of foundation base
基底摩擦系数μ
friction-resistance ratio摩阻比
frost boiling 翻浆
frozen heaving properties 冻胀性
frozen soils 冻土
G
Gap-graded soil不连续级配土
General-shear failure 整体剪切破坏
generalized procedure of slices[GPS]
普通条分法
[vertical]geostatic(self weight) stress (pressure)
[竖向]自重应力(压力)σc、σcz
geosynthetics 土工合成材料
geotechnical engineering 岩土工程
geotechnical investigation 岩土工程勘察
geotextiles 土工织物
glacial soils 冰积土
grading curve 级配曲线
grain size 粒径
grain size accumulation curve
粒径累计(积)曲线
granularity 粒度
gravel 圆砾
gravelly sand 砾砂
gravelly soils 砾类土
gravitational acceleration 重力加速度g
gravitational water 重力水
gravity density 重[力密]度
gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙
ground tilt factor 地面倾斜系数gc、gq、g
ground treatment 地基处理
ground water 地下水、潜水
ground water level [GWL],groundwater elevation ,surface, [ground] water table[GWT] 地下水位
groundwater dynamics 地下水动力学
grouting 灌浆
H
half-space(semi-infinite body)
半空间(半无限体)
Hansen’s formula of ultimate bearing capacity 汉森极限承载力公式
hardness degree of rock 岩石坚硬程度
head [of water] 水头H
heavy dynamic penetration test[HDPT]
重型动力触探试验
height of retaining wall 挡土墙高度H
heigth of tensile area 拉力区高度h0
high liquid limit clay ,mo[CH],[MH]
高液限粘土、粉土
highway 公路
honeycomb structure 蜂窝结构
hydraulic gradient 水力梯度I
hydraulic head 水头H
hydrometer method 比重计法
hydrostatic pressure 静水压力
I
illite 伊利石
immediate settlement 瞬时沉降sd
impermeable lager,impervious stratum
不透水层
inclined load 倾斜荷载
influence coefficients of settlement
沉降影响系数 、 o、 c、 m、 r
initial collapse pressure 湿陷起始压力
initial tangent modulus 初始切线模量Ei
inorganic mineral substance 无机矿物质
in-situ test 原位测试
in-situ bearing test 现场承载力试验
intermediam liquid limit clay [CI]
中液限粘土
internal friction angle 内摩擦角
internal scour 潜蚀
isotropic soil各向同性土
J
Janbu’s method of slices 杨布条分法
jet grouting method 高压喷射注浆法
joint 节理
K
kaolinite 高岭石
karst land feature 喀斯特地貌
K0-consolidation K0固结
L
laminar flow 层流
landslide 滑坡
land subsidence 地面下沉
lateral geostatic stress 侧向自重应力σcx, σcy
laterite 红土
layer-wise summation method 分层总和法
length of foundation base 基础底面长度l
limit equilibrium condition 极限平衡条件
limit of plasticity 塑限wP
linear shrinkage ratio 线缩率
line load 线荷载
liquefaction 液化
liquefaction resistance 抗液化强度
liquid limit[LL] 液限wL
liquidity index[LI] 液性指数IL
loading test 载荷试验
local shear failure 局部剪切破坏
loess 黄土
logarithmic spiral 对数螺旋线
low liquid limit clay,mo[CL],[ML]
低液限粘土、粉土
M
Magmatic rock (igneous rock) 岩浆岩(火成岩)
major, intermediate, minor principle stress 大、中、小主应力1、2、3
marine soils 海积土
mass circle sliding method 整体圆弧滑动法
maximum ,minimum void ratio
最大、最小孔隙比emax、emin
maximum 、minimum pressure of foundation base
基底最大、最小压力pmax、pmin
maximum, minimum dry density
最大、最小干密度dmax、 dmin
maximum dry density 最大干密度
maximum expanded depth of plasticity region 塑性区最大发展深度zmax
median grain diameter 中值粒径d30
medium sand 中砂
meniscus 弯液面
metamorphic rock 变质岩
method of slice 条分法
mingle soils 混合土
miscellaneous fill杂填土
mo,silts,silty soils 粉土(粉性土、粉质土)
modulus of deformation, elasticity
变形模量E0 弹性模量E
modulus of recompression 再压缩模量
modulus of resilience 回弹模量
Mohr-Coulomb law 摩尔库仑定律
moisture-density test 击实试验
moisture ,water content 含水量(率)w
montmorillonite 蒙脱石
muck, muck soils 淤泥、淤泥质土
mulching soils 覆盖土
mud pumping 翻浆冒泥
N
natural angle of repose自然(天然)休止角
nomal stress 法向应力 x、 y、 z
non-cohesive soils 无粘性土
non-uniform settlement 不均匀沉降
normally consolidation 归一化
normally consolidated soils[N.C.soils]
正常固结土
O
optimum moisture content 最优含水率
organic soil 有机质土
Oedometer modulus 侧向压缩模量Eoed、Es
oedometer 固结仪、压缩仪、渗透仪
one-dimensional consolidation 单向固结 (压密)
optimum moisture,(water) content
最优含水量(率)wop
organic soil 有机质土,有机土
organic substance,organic matter 有机质
original rock 基岩
over coarse-grained soils 巨粒土
overburden soils 覆盖土
overconsolidated soils[O.C,soils]
超固结(过压密)土
overconsolidation ratio [OCR]
超固结(过压密)比
P
parameters of shear strength 抗剪强度参数
partical size 粒径
partical size analysis 颗粒分析试验
passive earth pressure 被动土压力Ep
path of percolation 渗[透途]径H
peat 泥炭
pebble 圆砾
penetration resistace 贯入阻力
percent of soil particles 土粒百分含量pi
perched water 上层滞水
perennially frozen soil 多年冻土
permeable layer ,pervious stratum 透水层
permeability 渗透性
permeability test 渗透试验
phreatic line 浸润线
phreatic water 潜水、地下水
physical properties of rock 岩石的物理性质
piezocone test[CPTU] 孔压静力触探试验
piezometric head 测压管水头
piezometer head 测压管水头h
piping 管涌
plane strain test 平面应变试验
plastic failure 塑性破坏
plastic flow 塑流
plastic limit[PL] 塑限wP
plastic strain 塑性应变
plastic zone 塑性区
plasticity chart 塑性图
plasticity index[PI] 塑性指数Ip
plate loading test 平板载荷试验
point loading 点荷载试验
Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μ
poorly-graded soils 不良级配土
pore air pressure 孔隙气压力
pore water pressure(stress)
孔隙水压力(应力)u
pore pressure(stress) parameters
孔隙压力(应力)系数A、B
pore pressure ratio 孔隙压力比
porewater 孔隙水
porosity 孔隙率n
preconsolidation pressure
先(前)期固结压力pc
preloading method 预压法
pressure bulb 压力泡
pressuremeter test[PMT] 旁(横)压试验
primary consolidation 主固结
primary mineral 原生矿物
principal stress 主应力 1、 2、 3
principle of effective strress 有效应力原理
proctor [compaction]test
普罗克特[击实]试验
proportional limit load 比例界限荷载ppr
pumping test 抽水试验
punching-shear failure 冲[切]剪[切]破坏
Q
quality of soil, soil particles (solids),water土、土粒、水的质量m、ms、 mw
Quaternary deposit 第四纪沉积层
quicksand 流砂[现象]
quick shear cohesion, angle of internal friction
快剪粘聚力、内摩擦角cq 、q
quick[shear] test 快剪试验
R
Radius of influence 影响半径
Rankine’s theory of earth pressure
朗肯土压力理论
rate of settlement 沉降速率
ratio of length to width 长宽比m
rebound modulus 回弹摸量
recompression curve 再压缩曲线
rectangular footing 矩形基础
red clay ,adamic earth 红粘土
regional soils 特殊[性]土,区域性土
relative density [RD] 相对密(实)度Dr
residual deformation 残余变形
residual soils 残积土
residual strength 残余强度
rubble ,rubble-stone 块石
running sand 流砂[现象]
rupture surface 破坏面
S
saline soil 盐积土
sand drain 排水砂井
sand particle content 砂粒含量
sand boiling 砂沸(涌)现象、喷水冒砂
sandy silt 砂质粉土
sandy soils, sands
砂土(砂类土、砂性土、砂质土)
saturated density 饱和密度ρsat
saturated gravity density 饱和重度sat
scale effect 尺度效应
screw plate loading test[SPLT]
螺旋板载荷试验
seasonally frozen soil 季节冻土
secondary compression (consolidation)index
次压缩(固结)指数C
secondary compression (consolidation)
settlement ,creep settlement
次压缩(固结)沉降ss
secondary mineral 次生矿物
secondary red clay 次生红粘土
seepage[flow] 渗流(漏)
seepage deformation 渗透变形
seepage failure 渗透破坏
seepage discharge 渗流量Q
seepage force 渗流力(动水力)GD
seepage line 浸润线(渗流线)
seepage velocity 渗流速度v
seepage path 渗径
[verticale]selfweight(geostatic)stress (pressure)[竖向]自重应力(压力)σcz 、σc
semi—infinite elastic 半无限弹性体
sensitivity 灵敏度St
settlement calculation depth 沉降计算深度zn
shallow foundation 浅基础
shape factor of foundation
基础形状系数sc、sq、s
shear failure 剪切破坏
shear modulus 剪切模量G
shear resistance 剪阻力或抗剪力
shear strain 剪应变
shear strength 抗剪强度 f
shear strength envelope 抗剪强度包线
shear stress 剪应力
sheet pile wall 板桩墙
shrinkage limit[SL] 缩限ws
sieve analysis test 筛分试验
silty clay 粉质粘土
silty sand 粉砂
silty soils,silts,mo 粉土(粉性土、粉质土)
single-grained structure 单粒结构
size fraction 粒组
slip surface 滑动面
slope stability 土坡稳定性
slope wash,slope materials 坡积土
slow shear cohesion,angle of internal friction
慢剪粘聚力、内摩擦角cs、s
slow(direct)shear test 慢剪试验
soft clay 软粘土
soft foundation 软弱地基
soil 土
soil classification 土的分类
soil cohesion, angle of internal friction
土的粘聚力c、内摩擦角
soil dynamics 土动力学
soil fabric 土的组构
soil flow 流土
soil mechanics 土力学
soil nailing 土钉
soil sampler 取土器
soil skeleton 土骨架
soil structure and texture 土的结构和构造