A brief introduction to American and British elite newspapers

nullSelected Readings of English journalsSelected Readings of English journalsLecture 1: A brief introduction to American and British elite newspapers nullThe definition accepted in China’s academic circles as standard is that news is the reporting of recent events. In China: China Daily; 21st Century; Shanghai Star; English Weekly, etc. The mainstream English newspapers-1The mainstream English newspapers-1The Times The Guardians The New York Times Los Angeles Times The Wall Street Journal Time 《泰晤士报》 《卫报》 《纽约时报》 《洛杉矶时报》 《华尔街日报》 《时代》 The mainstream English newspapers-2The mainstream English newspapers-2The Financial Times The Sun The Washington Post International Herald Tribune USA Today News Week 《金融时报》 《太阳报》 《华盛顿邮报》 《国际先驱论坛报》 《今日美国》 《新闻周刊》The mainstream news agency-1The mainstream news agency-1AFP (Agence France Presse) 法新社 法国 AP (Associated Press) 美联社 美国 CP (Canada Press) 加拿大通讯社 加拿大 KNS (Kyodo News Service) 共同社 日本The mainstream news agency-2The mainstream news agency-2Reuter (Reuter’s News Agency) 路透社 英国 TASS (Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union) 塔斯社 俄罗斯 UPI (United Press International) 合众国际社 美国 Xinhua News Agency 新华社 中国 Different kinds of newspapersDifferent kinds of newspapersperiodical 期刊 magazine 杂志 daily 日报 weekly 周刊 fortnightly 半月刊 monthly 月刊 bimonthly 双月刊 quarterly 季刊 annual 年刊 evening paper 晚报 morning paper 晨报 Sunday newspaper 星期日报 year-book 年鉴 extra issue（报纸)号外 special issue 特刊 pictorial magazine 画报 memorial volume 纪念刊Columns of a newspaper-1Columns of a newspaper-1the front page 头版, 第一版 bulldog edition 晨版 article 记事 headline 标 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 banner headline 头号大标题 byline 标题下署名之行 dateline 日期、发稿地之行big news 头条新闻 hot news 最新新闻 exclusive news 独家新闻 scoop 特讯 feature 特写,花絮 criticism 评论 editorial 社论Columns of a newspaper-2Columns of a newspaper-2review, comment 时评 book review 书评 topicality 时事问题 city news 社会新闻 general news column 一般消息栏letters 读者投书栏 cartoon, comics 漫画 cut 插图 weather forecast 天气预报 serial story 新闻小说 Sunday features 周日特刊 Columns of a newspaper-3Columns of a newspaper-3obituary notice 讣闻 public notice 公告 advertisement 广告 classified ad 分类广告 flash-news 大新闻 extra 号外 the sports page 运动栏 literary criticism 文艺评论What parts does a news story have?What parts does a news story have? All news stories answer some basic questions: who, what, when, where, why and how? Like all stories, the basic news story has a headline and three general parts: a beginning called the “lead”, a middle called the “body” and an ending. What parts does a news story have?What parts does a news story have?A news story is composed of headline, lead, body, and before lead, there are dateline and byline. Headline: The headline is the line on top of the story that tells the reader what the story is about. What parts does a news story have?What parts does a news story have?Lead: the beginning of the story, the hook (诱惑物) that tells the reader what the story is about A good lead attracts the reader to continue reading. In a hard-news story, the lead usually is written in one sentence—the first sentence of the story—and gives the most important information about the event. What parts does a news story have?What parts does a news story have?The dateline, which tells readers when and where the story is written, is important. The byline, which gives credit to the writer, is also very important. Headline; lead; dateline; and bylineThe Inverted Pyramid FormThe Inverted Pyramid FormCategories of NewsCategories of NewsNews falls into basic categories: hard news and soft news. “Hard news” includes ---- stories of a timely nature about events or conflicts that have just happened or are about to happen, such as crimes, fires, meetings, protest rallies, speeches and testimony in court cases. These stories have immediacy.Categories of NewsCategories of News“Soft news” is defined as news that entertains or informs, with an emphasis on human interest(人情味) and novelty（新奇） and less immediacy than hard news. For example, a story about the effectiveness of diets would be considered soft news.Categories of NewsCategories of News“Soft news” can also be stories that focus on people, places or issues that affect readers’ lives. These types of stories are called “feature stories.” A story about the growing number of babies suffering from AIDS could be considered a soft-news story. It isn’t less important than hard news, but it isn’t news that happened overnight. Hard News Soft NewsHard News Soft Newsfeatures （特写） personal profile (人物特写) anecdote (趣事；轶事)flash (快讯) urgent （急电） brief （简讯） breaking news （突发新闻） If the action or event occurred the same day as or the day before publication of the newspaper, the event is called “breaking news.” What are the qualities of a good news story?What are the qualities of a good news story?What things are newsworthy? These are some of these traditional qualities of both hard- and soft-news stories:Timeliness (时效性) Proximity （接近性） Unusual nature （新奇） Celebrities （名人名流） Human interest （人情味） Conflict （冲突）Timeliness Timeliness An event that happened the day of or day before publication or an event that is due to happen in the immediate future is considered timely. Some events that happened in the past also may be considered timely if they are printed on an anniversary of the event, such as one, five or 10 years after the incident.ProximityProximityAn event may be of interest to local readers because it happened in or close to the community. For example: People living in Nanjing will be quite interested in when the subway tunnels began to be built and when it will be accomplished.Unusual Nature: the uniqueness of an eventUnusual Nature: the uniqueness of an eventThere is a well-known saying: “It is not news when a dog bites a man, but absolutely news when you find a man bites a dog.” It sounds absurd, but fully illustrates one of the widely accepted news values—the unusual, bizarre (奇异的) nature of a recently happened event.CelebritiesCelebritiesPeople who are well-known for their accomplishments— primarily entertainers, athletes or people who have gained fame for achievements, good or bad—attract a lot of attention. This story ran on the front page because of the celebrity status of the entertainers…. Human interest: Human interest: People like stories about people who have special problems, achievements or experiences. These stories can be profiles(人物简介) or unusual stories about people that make readers care about their plight (境况) . Here is an example of human interest: Kids Helping Kids Survive the Effects of Katrina. Conflict & Impact: Conflict & Impact: Stories involving conflicts people have with government or other people are often newsworthy, especially when the conflict reflects local problems.Additional qualitiesAdditional qualitiesSome additional qualities of news to consider: Helpfulness: Consumers, health and other how-to stories. Entertainment: stories that amuse readers, make them feel good or help them enjoy their leisure time. Additional qualitiesAdditional qualitiesInspiration: Stories about people who overcome difficulties Special interest: Some stories appeal to people’s interests in such subjects as science, business or religion or to such special groups as women, minorities, disabled people, veterans, college students or other groups with particular interests.