基础化学_01introduction

Chemistry for engineering introduction Silvia Bodoardo 1 Silvia Bodoardo Dip. Scienza dei Materiali ed Ing. Chimica Tel. 011-5644641 E-mail: silvia.bodoardo@polito.it Chemistry for engineering introduction Silvia Bodoardo 2 OrganizationOrganization 60 hours lesson60 hours lesson 48 h theory48 h theory 12 h exercises 12 h exercises in classin class 4 h laboratory4 h laboratory Chemistry for engineering introduction Silvia Bodoardo 3 M.H. Silberberg Principles of General Chemistry Mc Graw-Hill Edition TextText Chemistry for engineering introduction Silvia Bodoardo 4 DidatticDidattic material on webmaterial on web www.polito.it Portale della didattica Personal code Download Chemistry for engeneering Chemistry for engineering introduction Silvia Bodoardo 5 CONTENTSCONTENTS • atom • mole • atomic and molecular orbitals • chemical bond • periodic table • physical states of matter: gas, liquid, solid • solution • kinetic • acids and bases • chemical equilibrium •thermo-chemistry • electrochemistry • organic chemistry Chemistry for engineering introduction Silvia Bodoardo 6 …….. .. Why study chemistry?Why study chemistry? General culture Basis for many applied sciences Fundamental for the study of materials Medicine, biology, engineering, physics etc.. Chemical bonding formation of alloys mechanical behaviour Electrochemistry corrosion and energetics Organic chemistry polymers Chemistry for engineering introduction Silvia Bodoardo 7 Chemistry for engineering: Basis of technology WhatWhat’’s s chemistrychemistry Chemistry is the study of matter and its properties, the changes that matter undergoes, and the energy associated with those changes Chemistry for engineering introduction Silvia Bodoardo 8 Something very common …. But with a very long preparation process The aspirin Chemistry for engineering introduction Silvia Bodoardo 9 …. Something can be different than that appears! Water and Hydrogen peroxide Water (left) and Hydrogen peroxide (right) are colourless liquids and are composed by the same elements: hydrogen and oxygen Addition of blood and oxygen formation No reaction in water Important reaction in hydrogen peroxide (foam formation) Addition of manganese dioxide Oxygen development Chemistry for engineering introduction Silvia Bodoardo 10 The scientific methodThe scientific method Chemistry for engineering introduction Silvia Bodoardo 11 DEFINITION matter: is anything that has mass and volume. Chemistry for engineering introduction Silvia Bodoardo 12 DEFINITION matter: is anything that has mass and volume. S --> L melting S --> G sublimation L --> G vaporization G --> L condensation Solid liquid gas Matter statesMatter states Chemistry for engineering introduction Silvia Bodoardo 13 DEFINIZIONI FONDAMENTALIDEFINIZIONI FONDAMENTALI MATTERMIXTURES HETEROGENEOUS HOMOGENEOUS ELEMENTS COMPOUNDS PURE SUBSTANCES Chemistry for engineering introduction Silvia Bodoardo 14 HeterogeneousHeterogeneous System : chemical and physical properties are different. Milk example: Cast iron, foam, smoke, fog Chemistry for engineering introduction Silvia Bodoardo 15 One phase: brass (copper and zinc alloy) Diffent phases: Granite (feldspate, mica, quartz) HomogeneousHomogeneous System: all constituents have the same chemical and physical propeerties HomogeneousHomogeneous System = phasephase Phase: Substance Chemical compound Element Solution Chemistry for engineering introduction Silvia Bodoardo 16 Chemistry for engineering introduction Silvia Bodoardo 17 Chemistry for engineering introduction Silvia Bodoardo 18 Chemistry for engineering introduction Silvia Bodoardo 19 Chemistry for engineering introduction Silvia Bodoardo 20 Chemistry for engineering introduction Silvia Bodoardo 21 Chemistry for engineering introduction Silvia Bodoardo 22 Chemistry for engineering introduction Silvia Bodoardo 23 The elements and their symbols