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英语四级翻译分析及练习

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英语四级翻译分析及练习翻译——核心语法   1.各种从句的用法   从句的用法在前文已有详细讲解,这里就不再赘述。下面通过总结归纳来进一步探讨历年四级翻译对各类从句的考查情况。   (1)主语从句   真题:__________(很多人没有意识到的)is providing the best education possible for their children.(2009.6)   答案:What many people don’t realize   (2)宾语从句   真题:Many Americans live on cre...

英语四级翻译分析及练习
翻译——核心语法   1.各种从句的用法   从句的用法在前文已有详细讲解,这里就不再赘述。下面通过 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf 归纳来进一步探讨历年四级翻译对各类从句的考查情况。   (1)主语从句   真 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 :__________(很多人没有意识到的)is providing the best education possible for their children.(2009.6)    答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 :What many people don’t realize   (2)宾语从句    真题 北京中考数学真题pdf四级真题及答案下载历年四级真题下载证券交易真题下载资料分析真题下载 :Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life__________(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn.(2007.12)   答案:is measured by how much they can loan   (3) 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 语从句   真题:In my sixties, one change I notice is that__________(我比以前更容易累了).(2007.12)   答案:I am more likely to get tired than before   (4)定语从句   真题:Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems__________(他们至今还没有答案)(2008.12)   答案:(that/which)they haven’t found solution to或to which they haven’t found solution   真题:__________(与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting.(2008.6)   答案:Compared with the place where I grew up   真题:The prevention and treatment of AIDS is __________(我们可以合作的领域).(2007.6)   答案:the field where(in which)we can cooperate   (5)状语从句   真题:Leaving one’s job, __________(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.(2008.6)   答案:whatever it is(让步状语从句)   真题:I am going to pursue this course, __________(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲).(2007.12)   答案:no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make(让步状语从句)   真题:Some psychologists claim that people __________(出门在外时可能会感到孤独)(2006.12)   答案:may feel lonely when they are away from home(时间状语从句)   【真题】__________(大多数父母所关心的)is providing the best education possible for their children.(2008.12)   【解析】本题考查对主语从句的掌握。汉语中“所关心的”实际上是指“所关心的事情”,用英语表达则使用what引导的从句。What在主语从句中作介词的宾语。“关心”可以用be concerned about表达。   【答案】What most parents are concerned about   注:从句的用法参见完形填空部分对从句的讲解。   2.虚拟语气   历年真题中涉及到虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下:   (1)(should)+动词原形的情形;   (2)if或but for等引导的条件句;   (3)wish, if only, would rather, It is(high)time that…的用法。   【真题】You would not have failed if__________(按照我的指令去做).(2009.12)   【答案】you had followed my instructions 或者you had followed my orders   【解析】本题较为容易,按照汉语意思直译。考点有两个:首先最重要的考点是if从句的虚拟语气考查;根据语法规定,如果主句中出现would +have的形式,从句中应该采用had+过去分词的结构;第二是固定搭配“按照…的指令”表达为follow my instructions 或者是follow my orders 注意多样化的表达,两者选其一就可以;注意很多学生出现遗漏主语you,造成不必要的失分。   【真题】The victim __________(本来会有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time.(2006.12)   【解析】本句考查对错综时间条件句的虚拟语气的掌握。在与过去事实相反的条件下,if引导的条件句时态是过去完成时态,主句谓语一般使用would have done。   【答案】would have had a chance to survive/would have had a chance of survival   注:虚拟语气用法参见完形填空填空部分对虚拟语气的讲解。   3.倒装结构   倒装分完全倒装与部分倒装两种类型,重点是部分倒装,即只有系动词、助动词和情态动词参与的倒装。常见的倒装结构可以分为四大类:   (1)否定倒装。指否定副词或否定的副词性结构hardly, seldom, scarcely, never, little, nowhere, not once, under no circumstances, in no way, no sooner…than,not only…but also用于句首时所导致的倒装。   Seldom did I go to theater, but now it is different.   以前我很少去剧院,但是现在不同了。   (2)虚拟倒装。指在if引导的虚拟条件句中,将if省略,把should, had, were提至主语前,形成倒装。   Were I you, I’ll never promise to do that.   如果我是你,绝对不会答应那么做的。   (3)强调倒装。为突出强调某一成分而将它提至句首时,实行倒装,如:   A.so 倒装句   So diligently does he work that he often forgets to eat and sleep.   他工作如此勤奋以至于经常废寝忘食。   B.以某些表示肯定的副词开头作状语:only, often, then   Then did I throw myself into the chair, exhausted.   然后我一屁股坐在椅子上,累死了。   Only by working hard can we achieve what we want.   我们只有通过努力工作才能获得想要的东西。   (4)在“so+形容词…that分句”结构中,如将“so+形容词”置于句首以示强调时,其后的系动词be则要移到主语前面,形成主谓的完全倒装。   So moved was she that she could not say a word.   她感动得说不出话来。   【真题】Not only__________(他向我收费过高),but he didn’t do a good repair job either.(2006.6新)   【解析】本题考查对倒装的掌握。解答此题需要考虑两个层次,首先是动词“收费”的对应词,应当译为“charge”。收费“过高”往往使用too much,更加巧妙的用词overcharge就可以表示“收费过高”。其次,not only…but…结构中出现了否定词前置到句首的现象,这是倒装的标志。结合后半句的一般过去时形式,我们要把助动词did提出来,按照倒装形式译为did he overcharge me/did he charge me too much。   【答案】did he overcharge me/did he charge me too much 练习题 1   1.I have had great deal of trouble______________________________.(跟得上班上的其他同学)   2.I don't mind your_____________(你延期做出决定) the decision as long as it is not too late.   3.In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives_____________(起着不可缺少的作用) in raising children.   4.Mark often____________________________(试图逃脱罚款) whenever he breaks traffic regulations.   5.When I __________________(发现他骗我) I stopped buying thins there and started dealing with another shop.   答案及解析:   1.keeping up with the rest of the class.   「超级句型」trouble可以用在句型"have trouble doing sth. " 做某事有困难"中,这时,trouble可以用difficulty来代替。   「超级短语」keep up with意为“跟上……”,指并肩前进,并驾齐驱,不至落后、掉队。catch up with意为“赶上”,指从后边追上或改变落后状。;   2.delaying making   「超级单词」mind作及物动词,后面通常接名词、代词、V-ing形式、复合结构、从句等。   Delay后接动词时,应该接动词的ing形式。   3.play indispensable roles   「超级短语」play a part/role in起着……作用,饰演……的角色。   4.attampts to escape being fined   「超级单词」escape后面要接动名词形式。常与介词from搭配,如He has escaped from the fire.   5.caught /found him cheating me   「超级句型」find/catch+宾语+宾补,如I found him standing by the river. 练习题 2   1.I suggested he ____________________ (使自己适应) his new conditions.   2. What a lovely party! It's worth_________________( 牢记一生 ).   3. If you won't agree to our plan,_____________________( 他们也不会同意 ).   4. His remarks left me ____________________________( 想知道他的真实目的 ).   5. If you had_____________________ ( 听从了我的劝告,你就不会陷入麻烦)   答案及解析:   1.should adapt himself to   「超级句型」suggest作“建议”时,其宾语从句中要用虚拟句型"suggest that sb.(should)do sth.“结构;从suggest还可以联想到宾语从句中同样要用虚拟语气的相关动词如:insist,demand,order,ask,advise等。   「超级短语」adapt oneself to 使自己适应或习惯于,其他搭配: adapt from 根据……改写/改编   2.remembering all my life   「超级单词」Be worth doing…/值得做某事,还有说法是worth sth. 如:He is worth the praise.   3.neither will they   「超级单词」neither表示“两者都不”, 表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。如:If you won't go, neither will I.   4.wondering about his real purpose   「超级单词」leave sb doing 让继续处于某种状态;leave sb to do sth 让某人干某事   5.followed my advice, you would not be in trouble now.   「超级句型」虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法   从句:if + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 用were) + ……   主句:主语+ would (should, could , might) + 动词原形+ ……
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