1995年考研英语真题与答案

1995年考研英语真题 1995年考研英语真题 Part Ⅰ Structure and Vocabulary Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets, (5 points) 1. Between 1897 and 1919, at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed . A. had produced B. have been produced C. would have produced D. had been produced 2. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than in the public mind today. A. exists B. exist C. existing D. existed 3. The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds his argument in favor of the new theory. A. which to base on B. on which to base C. to base on which D. which to be based on 4. an help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction. 　A. Everybody B. Anybody C. Somebody D. Nobody 5. How many of us , say, a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion? 　A. attended B. attending C. to attend D. have attended 6. Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced. 　A. so that B. but that C. in that D. provided that 7. We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style in a personal one. 　A. rather than B. other than C. better than D. less than 8. is generally accepted,economical growth is determined by the smooth development of production. A. What B. That C. It D. As 9. It is believed that today’s pop music can serve as a creative force stimulating the thinking of its listeners. 　A. by B. with C. at D. on 10. Just as the soil is a part of the earth, the atmosphere. A. as it is B. the same is C. so is D. and so is Section B(11~20略：新大纲不再考查的部分) Section C Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points) 21. In that country, guests tend to feel they are not highly if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. A. admired B. regarded C. expected D. worshipped 22. A of the long report by the budget committee was submitted to the mayor for approval. 　A. shorthand B. scheme C. schedule D. sketch 23. A man has to make for his old age by putting aside enough money to live on when old. 　Ａ. supply B. assurance C. provision D. adjustment 24. The newly-built Science Building seems enough to last a hundred years. A. spacious B. sophisticated C. substantial D. steady 25. It is well-known that the retired workers in our country are　 free medical care. A. entitled to B. involved in C. associated with D. assigned to 26. The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more at . A. danger B. stake C. loss D. threat 27. I felt to death because I could make nothing of the chairman’s speech. 　Ａ. fatigued B. tired C. exhausted D. bored 28. When the engine would not start, the mechanic inspected all the parts to find what was at . A. wrong B. trouble C. fault D. difficulty 29. Your advice would be valuable to him, who is at present at his wits end. A. exceedingly B. excessively C. extensively D. exclusively 30. He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to the consequences. A. answer for B. run into C. abide by D. step into 31. The river is already its banks because of excessive rainfall; and the city is threatened with a likely flood. Ａ. Parallel to B. level in C. flat on D. flush with 32. People that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do the airliners of today. Ａ. convinced B. anticipated C. resolved D. assured 33. In spite of the wide range of reading material specially written or for language learning purposes, there is yet no comprehensive systematic programme for the reading skills. Ａ. adapted B. acknowledged Ｃ. assembled D. appointed 34. The mother said she would her son washing the dishes if he could finish his assignment before supper. Ａ. let down B. let alone C. let off D. let out 35. We should always keep in mind that decisions often lead to bitter regrets. Ａ. urgent B. hasty C. instant D. prompt 36. John complained to the bookseller that there were several pages in the dictionary. Ａ. missing B. losing C. dropping D. leaking 37. In the past,most foresters have been men, but today, the number of women this field is climbing. Ａ. engaging B. devoting C. registering D. pursuing 38. The supervisor didn’t have time so far to go into it , but he gave us an idea about his plan. Ａ. at hand B. in turn C. in conclusion D. at length 39. Their demand for a pay raise has not the slightest of being met. A. prospect B. prediction C. prosperity D. permission 40. It’ s usually the case that people seldom behave in a way when in a furious state. A.stable B.rational C.legal C.credible Part Ⅱ Cloze Test Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points) Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep 41 kind of sleep is at all wellunderstood, but REM sleep is 42 to serve some restorative function of the brain.The purpose of nonREM sleep is even more 43 . The new experiments, such as those 44 for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations 45 of non-REM sleep. For example, it has long been known that total sleep 46 is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, 47 examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal.A researcher has now 48 the mystery of why the animals die.The rats 49 bacterial infections of the blood, 50 their immune systems—the selfprotecting mechanism against disease—had crashed. 41.Ａ. Either B. Neither Ｃ. Each Ｄ. Any 42. A. intended B. required C. assumed D. inferred 43. A.subtle B. obvious C. mysterious D. doubtful 44. A.maintained B. described C. settled D. afforded 45. A.in the light B. by virtue C. with the exception D. for the purpose 46. A.reduction B. destruction C. deprivation D. restriction 47. A.upon B. by C. through D. with 48. A.paid attention to B. caught sight of C. laid emphasis on D. cast light on 49. A. develop B. produce C. stimulate D. induce 50. A.if B. as if C. only if D. if only Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are four answers marked A, B, C and D.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the ques-tion.Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(40 points) Passage 1 Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable prices, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living.By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labor, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment.It lowers the costs of many services:without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television license would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 percent more. And perhaps most important of all,advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy.Apart from the fact that twentyseven Acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising,no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising.He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once.If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that it represents good value. Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of. There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade. If its message were confined merely to information—and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive—advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the wellknown television personality wants. 51. By the first sentence of the passage the author means that . 　［A］he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising 　［B］everybody knows well that advertising is money consuming 　［C］advertising costs money like everything else 　［D］it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising 52. In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising? . 　［A］Securing greater fame 　［B］Providing more jobs 　［C］Enhancing living standards 　［D］Reducing newspaper cost 53. The author deems that the well-known TV personality is . 　［A］very precise in passing his judgement on advertising 　［B］interested in nothing but the buyers’attention 　［C］correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information 　［D］obviously partial in his views on advertising 54. In the author’s opinion,. . 　［A］advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing information 　［B］advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over 　［C］there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer 　［D］the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement Passage 2 There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language — all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts. By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept. In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first.How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we’re shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate,to move slowly,and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe.Do we think were slow to adapt to change or that we’re not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all. These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making. 55. A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth when . 　［A］he has given up his smoking habit 　［B］he has made great efforts in his work 　［C］he is keen on learning anything new 　［D］he has tried to determine where he is on his journey 56. In the author’s eyes, one who views personal growth as a process would . 　［A］succeed in climbing up the social ladder 　［B］judge his ability to grow from his own achievements 　［C］face difficulties and take up challenges 　［D］aim high and reach his goal each time 57. When the author says “a new way of being” (Lines 3 ,Para. 3), he is referring to . 　 ［A］a new approach to experiencing the world 　［B］a new way of taking risks 　［C］a new method of perceiving ourselves 　［D］a new system of adapting to change 58. For personal growth, the author advocates all of the following except . 　［A］curiosity about more chances 　［B］promptness in self-adaptation 　［C］open-mindedness to new experiences 　［D］avoidance of internal fears and doubts Passage 3 In such a changing, complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated.Many of life’s problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today. In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World War Ⅱ. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off.Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned. Adding to social changes today is an enormous stockpile of information. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, timeconsuming and sometimes even overwhelming. Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computers to locate specific information. Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence.Expertise can be shared worldwide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people. In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance. Those people who have accurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed. “Knowledge is power” may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people. 59. The word “it” (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably refers to . 　［A］the lack of stable communities 　［B］the breakdown of informal information channels 　［C］the increased mobility of families 　［D］the growing number of people moving from place to place 60. The main problem people may encounter today arises from the fact that . . 　［A］they have to learn new things consciously 　［B］they lack the confidence of securing reliable and trustworthy information 　［C］they have difficulty obtaining the needed information readily 　［D］they can hardly carry out casual communications with an extended family 61. From the passage we can infer that . . 　［A］electronic mail will soon play a dominant role in transmitting messages 　［B］it will become more difficult for people to keep secrets in an information era 　［C］people will spend less time holding meetings or conferences 　［D］events will be reported on the spot mainly through satellites 62. We can learn from the last paragraph that . . 　［A］it is necessary to obtain as much knowledge as possible 　［B］people should make the best use of the information accessible 　［C］we should realize the importance of accumulating information 　［D］it is of vital importance to acquire needed information efficiently Passage 4 Personality is to a large extent inherent—A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children. One place where children soak up A-characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution.Too many schools adopt the “win at all costs” moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: “Rejoice, we conquer! ” By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful. Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A-youngsters change into B’s. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child’s personality to his possible future employment. It is top management. If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values.Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy.It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from Atype stock. B’s are important and should be encouraged. 63. According to the passage, A-type individuals are usually . 　［A］impatient ［B］considerate 　［C］aggressive ［D］agreeable 64. The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because . 　［A］the pressure is too great on the students 　［B］some students are bound to fail 　［C］failure rates are too high 　［D］the results of examinations are doubtful 65. The selection of medical professionals are currently based on . . 　［A］candidates’ sensitivity ［B］academic achievements 　［C］competitive spirit ［D］surer values 66. From the passage we can draw the conclusion that . . 　［A］the personality of a child is well established at birth 　［B］family influence dominates the shaping of one’s characteristics 　［C］the development of one’s personality is due to multiple factors 　［D］B-type characteristics can find no place in a competitive society Passage 5 That experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such an effect on memory a