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定语从句nullnull 定语从句 定语从句是在句子中起定语作用的主谓结构,通常修饰它前面的名词或代词,即它的先行词;定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的。 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词引导的定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词有:who, whom, whose, which, that ,as 关系代词在从句中可以作主语、状语、定语;作宾语时关系代词常常可以省略。 --He is a man who teaches English.(作主语) 他是一个教英语的人。 -...

定语从句
nullnull 定语从句 定语从句是在句子中起定语作用的主谓结构,通常修饰它前面的名词或代词,即它的先行词;定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的。 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词引导的定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词有:who, whom, whose, which, that ,as 关系代词在从句中可以作主语、状语、定语;作宾语时关系代词常常可以省略。 --He is a man who teaches English.(作主语) 他是一个教英语的人。 --The movie (that /which) we saw last night was very interesting.(作宾语) 我们昨晚看到的电影很有趣。null关系代词引导的定语从句 当定语从句所修饰的先行词是人或人格化的动物时, 引导词用who(做主语), whom(做宾语)或whose(做定语); 如果先行词时无生命的东西,用关系代词which(做主语或宾语); 而that可以用于以上两种情况。 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词引导的定语从句 --The children whose parents (= the parents of whom) were killed in the earthquake are taken care of by the government. 父母亲在地震中丧生的孩子由政府照管。 --Men and horses that were killed in the battle were innumerable. 在那次战役中,人马伤亡无数。 null 关系代词that和which的语法区别 以下情况只能用that ⑴ 当定语从句所修饰的先行词的前面有all, any, no, only, little, much, very, some, few等修饰时,或者这些先行词本身就是all, one, any, little, much, anything, nothing等不定代词时, 通常用that而不用which。 e.g. --All that glitters is not gold.闪光的并非都是金子。 --I am interested in all that you have told me.我对你告诉我的一切都感兴趣。 -- Is there anything that I can do for you?还有什么我能为你效劳吗? null 关系代词that和which的语法区别 ⑵ 当先行词的前面有“the +only (first, last, next, same, very) ”等词修饰时, 通常用that而不用which --She was the only girl in the class that knew where he was. 她是班里唯一知道他在哪儿的女孩。 --This is the very film that I want to see.这正是我想看的电影。 关系代词that和which的语法区别 关系代词that和which的语法区别 ⑶ 当先行词的前面有形容词的最高级修饰时,通常用that而不用which。 --Hydrogen is the lightest atom that exist.氢是现存的最轻的原子。null关系代词that和which的语法区别 ⑷ 如果有两个或两个以上的先行词,兼指人或物,应用that。 --He was watching the children and parcels that filled the car. 他在照看满车的孩子和包裹。 null关系代词that和which的语法区别 2.以下情况只能用which或whom  ⑴ 作介词的宾语时 “介词+which”(表示事或物) 介词+whom(表示人)” --This is the garden in which the children often play with each other. 这是那些孩子们常常一起玩的花园。 --Do you know the woman from whom he purchased the journal? null关系代词that和which的语法区别⑵ 与代词、数词或名词词组连用引导非限定性定语从句时, 构成”名词(或代词或数词)+of +which(或whom)”--The citizens, most of whom were workers, welcomed the new law. --I bought a dozen eggs, six of which were broke. --We had a meeting, the purpose of which was completely unclear. --There were two small rooms in the beach house, the smaller of which served as a kitchen. null关系代词that和which的语法区别 ⑶ 指代整个句子,引导非限定性定语从句时 --Some of the roads were flooded, which made our journey very difficult. 一些公路被淹没了,这使得我们的旅途非常困难。 --There are 30 students in the class, the majority of whom are from the city. 这个班上有30位学生,大多数来自城市 null关系副词引导的定语从句 .能够引导定语从句的关系副词有:   when:表示时间,用来修饰表示时间的名词,如day, year, the time等;   where:表示地点,用来修饰表示地点的名词,如place, area, house等;   why:表示原因,用来修饰表示原因的名词,如reason;   how:表示方法,用来修饰表示方法的名词,如way等。 null --The reason why Beethoven went away to the country is that he was gradually going deaf. --I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. --This is the house where I lived two years ago. 关系副词引导的定语从句 null2.关系副词when, where, why在从句中作状语时,可用“介词 + which”替换;反之亦然。 --This is the house where (=in which) we lived two years ago. (The reason why (=for which) the temperature is so high hasn’t been known yet.) 温度为什么这样高的原因还没弄清楚。 关系副词引导的定语从句 null as在定语从句中的用法 1.引导限制性定语从句 在限制性定语从句中,as多和such或者the same连用,构成“such … as ” 和“the same … as”结构,可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。 --Let children read such books as will make them better and wise. --This is the same book as I read last week.(as作宾语) 这和我上周读的那本书是一样的 null关系副词引导的定语从句 2.引导非限制性定语从句 在非限制性定语从句中,as作为关系代词代替整个主句。 --As might be expected, John was admitted to the university. 约翰被大学录取了,这是可以预料的。 --As is known to the world, he is one of the greatest American writers. --The material is elastic, as shown in the figure.如图所示,这种 材料 关于××同志的政审材料调查表环保先进个人材料国家普通话测试材料农民专业合作社注销四查四问剖析材料 有弹性。 (as后若为is或was +过去分词构成的被动语态,is或was可以省掉) null 下面是常见的as引导的结构,一般位于句首,有时也位于句中或句首: as is well known to all  众所周知 as is generally accepted 可以接受 as is often the case  情况常常如此 as may be imagined  可以想象得出 as often happens  这种情况常常发生 as has been said before  如前所述 as has been pointed  正如已经指出的 as will be shown in  ……将在……中指出 null 限定性和非限定性定语从句 1.两者的主要区别 ⑴ 限定性定语从句与主句的关系比较密切,如果删去这个定语从句, 就会造成句子的意义残缺; ⑵ 非限定性定语从句与主句的关系比较松散,它通常只对句子起 解释和补充作用,即使删去该从句,主句意义仍然完整; ⑶ 非限定性定语从句的前后用逗号与主句隔开。 2.非限定性定语从句可用which, who, whose, when, where等来引导, 但不可以用that来引导。 null--The wine which (that) was in the cellar was all ruined. (限定性)地窖中的酒全毁掉了。 --The wine, which was in the cellar, was ruined.(非限定性) 酒被毁掉了,它们原来放在地窖中的。 限定性和非限定性定语从句 null1.A war broke out ____lasted for forty years. A.which B.what C.this D.it 2.The Chairman’s daughter, ____name is Ann, gave me a patient smile. A.of which B.of whom C.which D.whose 3.All ____I want is peace and quiet. A.what B.that C.who D.this 4.George was the only boy at school ____ I really liked. A.where B.which C.that D.whatPracticenull5.We had a river in ____we could swim. A.which B.what C.that D.Where 6.She was becoming fat, ____ bothered her very much. A.what B.that C.it D.which 7.____, many centuries had passed before man had learned to use fire. A.What is known to all B.Since it has known to us C. As long as it is known D. As is known to all  Practicenull8.The reason ____I can’t come is that I have to work late. A.for B.because C.why D.as 9.They are boys ____ I went to school. A.with B.with whom C.in that D.that 10.He talked brilliantly of the man and the books ____interested him. A.who B.which C.whom D.that PracticePracticePractice11.This is a place ____we can swim. A.which B.where C.in that D.when 12.I still remember the time ____I first became a college student. A.which B.that C.who D.when null1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. D 10.A 11.C 12.B 13.D 14.C 15.D 16.B 17.C 18.B Keys
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