法律硕士联盟

法硕联盟论坛 www.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.com 祝您考研成功！ 1 2012 考研英语长难句突破讲义 适用对象：考研学子，四级，六级英语学习或相当英语者。 课程目的：打破英语阅读学习的幻觉，真正获得一扇通向别样美丽世界的窗户，人生从 此再无长难句。为英语写作夯实基础。 第一部分 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 论讲解 � 引子 我们为什么要精读句子 ？ u � 阅读的实际过程是什么 l � 阅读在句子层面的障碍 � 简单句的障碍来源 简单句没有障碍的情况: 简单句的障碍来源： � 简单句的障碍识别及处理方法 n 定语 u 前置定语 u 后置定语 n. + 自由笔记区 法硕联盟论坛 www.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.com 祝您考研成功！ 2 定语从句（不属于简单句范畴） 定语从句的作用： 今生：I have three books of which the red is my favorite. 前世：I have three books. The red of those is my favorite. 关系代词： 定语从句的连接词： 关系连词： 介词+关系代词： 定语从句的处理方法： Eg1.A poem line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river. Eg2. Man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text. nnnn 同位语 普通同位语: Eg1.Robots will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge. 同位语从句 n 插入语： 万能插入语： Rather than: n 状语 法硕联盟论坛 www.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.com 祝您考研成功！ 3 例 1：Using techniques developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDP’s drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean’s surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rocks from the ocean floor. 例 2：A few art collectors---James Bowdoin Ⅲ of Boston, William Byrd of Virginian, and the Aliens And Hamilton of Philadelphia---introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries, especially aspiring artists, and established in their respective communities the idea of the value art and the need for institutions devoted its encouragement. � 非简单句的障碍来源 � 非简单句的障碍解决 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 n 关联词和主句专一原则 u 关联词: u 主句专一原则: � 句子之间的关联方式 u 1.并列 l 并列联词的用法 u 2.嵌套 l 常见的复杂句形式 名词性从句： 三大从句： 形容词性从句： 副词性从句： 常见的关联词： 名词性从句：关系代词： 关系连词： 形容词性从句：见定语从句 副词性从句：见后表格； 区分几个句式： It is true that she is a boy. It+系动词+关系连词+句子 It appears that this county is getting stronger. It +不及物动词+关系连词+句子 The sun rises that looks beautiful. 主语+系动词+关系连词+句子 The news is true that she is a boy. 主语 +不及物动词+关系连词+句子 法硕联盟论坛 www.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.com 祝您考研成功！ 4 状语从句种类 常用连接词 特殊连接词 时间状语从句 When, while, as, before, since, till, until, as soon as 1. 一些时间名词：the moment, the instant, the minute, the day, next time, every time 2. 一些副词：instantly, immediately, directly 3. 固定搭配的连词：no sooner---than, hardly---when, scarcely---when. 地点状语从句 Where Wherever, anywhere, everywhere 原因状语从句 Because, as, for, since Seeing that, considering that, now that, given that, in that, inasmuch as, insomuch as 目的状语从句 So that, in order that, that Lest, for fear that, in case, in the hope that, on purpose that, for the purpose that, to the end that 结果状语从句 So---that, so that, such---that Such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that, to such an extent that 条件状语从句 If, unless Suppose, supposing, providing, provided(特别关注： supposed, provide不用作条件从句的连词）on condition that, so long as, as long as 让步状语从句 Although, though, even though, even if While(一般用在句首), as(用于倒装结构),whatever, whoever, whichever, however, whenever, wherever, whether --- or---, as adj. as +主谓结构用在句首 比较状语从句 As, than The more---, the more---; just as---, so---; A is to B what/as C is to D; no more--than; not A so much as B/not so much A as B 方式状语从句 as, the way 法硕联盟论坛 www.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.com 祝您考研成功！ 5 � 层次化句子阅读方法 u 1.层次化结构的表示形式 u 2.括号匹配法 � 画左括号的条件 � 画右括号的条件 P.S: 笔记区 u 例 1：However, for many years, physicists thought that atoms and molecules always were much more likely to emit light spontaneously and that stimulated emission thus always would be much weaker. 例 2：It appeared that Canada was once more falling in step with the trend toward smaller families that occurred through all the Western world since the time of the Industrial Revolution. 例 3： The history of clinical nutrition orororor the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras:::: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century whenwhenwhenwhen it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that were essential for human function and that different foods provided different amounts of these essential agents. 例 3： The history of clinical nutrition orororor the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that were essential for human function and that different foods provided different amounts of these essential agents. 例 4：The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact that reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North, though less spectacularly. 法硕联盟论坛 www.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.com 祝您考研成功！ 6 小结区 3.完整信息链法 缘起： 主谓隔离： 谓宾隔离： 解决之道： 笔记区 非谓语动词和独立主格做状语： 例 1.The impressive gain in output stemmed primarily from the way in which North American entrepreneurs—even without technological improvements—had broadened the scope of the outwork system that made manufacturing more efficient by distributing materials to a succession of workers who each performed a single step of the production process. 例 2． Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just openingopeningopeningopening to civilian scientists after the cold war asasasas the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system builtbuiltbuiltbuilt over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies. 例 3. The fact that artisans, who were looked on as mechanics or skilled workers in the eighteenth century, are frequently considered artists today is directly attributable to the Arts and Crafts Movement of the nineteenth century. 例 4：Anyone who has handled a fossilized bone knows that it is usually not exactly like its modern counterpart, the most obvious different being that it is often much heavier. 法硕联盟论坛 www.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.com 祝您考研成功！ 7 非正常语序之倒装句： ���� 倒装句的分析方法 倒装句的定义： 倒装句的分类: 倒装句的处理 流程 快递问题件怎么处理流程河南自建厂房流程下载关于规范招聘需求审批流程制作流程表下载邮件下载流程设计 : 部分倒装： n 1. 部分倒装的定义： 2. 部分倒装的识别和还原： 完全倒装： n 1.完全倒装定义： 2.完全倒装的存在环境: u 2.1 能够在句子中充当主语和表语的成份 u 3.完全倒装的判断流程 笔记区 例 1 ： Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine. 例 2：Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals, sometimes easily recognizable as such, often distorted into gorgeous, weird, but always functional shapes. 例 3：With the growing prosperity brought on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it, young people married and established households earlier and began to raise larger families than had their predecessors during the Depression. 法硕联盟论坛 www.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.com 祝您考研成功！ 8 笔记区例 4：Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country’s impressive population growth. 例 5：Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets. 例 6：Most important, perhaps, was that they had all maintained with a certain fidelity the technique and composition consistent with those of America’ s first popular landscape artist, Thomas Cole, who built a career painting the Catskill Mountain scenery bordering the Hudson River. 例 7：Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”, the film has never been real silent. 例 8 ： Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being. 例 9：Matching the influx of foreign immigrants into the larger cities of the United States during the late nineteenth century was a domestic migration from town and farm to city, within the United States. 例 10 ： Indeed, had it not been for the superb preservation of these fossils, they might well have been classified as dinosaurs. 例 11: All would be well ,were reason the only judge in the creationism and evolution debate. 法硕联盟论坛 www.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.com 祝您考研成功！ 9 � 强调句的分析方法 n 1.强调句的构成 n 2.强调句的处理方法 笔记区 小结区 1、对句子的完整处理流程 2、强调：阅读句子时要对关联词和谓语动词敏感。 例 1： It was just a decade before this that many drug companies had found their vitamin sales skyrocketing and were quick to supply practicing physicians with generous samples of vitamins and literature extolling the virtue of supplementation for a variety of health-related conditions. 例 2：It was she, a Baltimore printer, who published the first official copies of the Declaration, the first copies that included the names of its signers and therefore heralded the support of all thirteen colonies. 例 3：It was in the cities that the elements that can be associated with modern capitalism first appeared— the use of money and commercial paper in place of barter, open competition in place of social deference and hierarchy, with an attendant rise in social disorder, and the appearance of factories using coal or water power in place of independent craftspeople working with hand tools. 法硕联盟论坛 www.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.com 祝您考研成功！ 10 第二部分 难句解析 一 .... 隔离结构： 1.This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. 2.It is not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers. 3．Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip. 4.During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. 5.Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" of "a touch on the brakes" , makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. 6.According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. 7.Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. 8.On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted--suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. 9.The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom. 10.The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $ 22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25---0.5% of GDP. 11.It identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end--of--life care. 12.The notion that learning should have in it an element of inspired play would seem to the greater part of the academic establishment merely silly, but that is nonetheless the case. 13.The findings add weight to the theory that large areas of the Amazon have recovered so well from past periods of agricultural use that the regrowth has been mistaken by generations of biologists for “virgin” forest. 14.An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students" career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform. 法硕联盟论坛 www.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.com 祝您考研成功！ 11 二....并列结构： 1.Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. 2.Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this: artists' only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad. 3.And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. 4.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least" a few decisions for them- selves-goals that pose a real challenge. 5.But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. 6.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. 8.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&M wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers" demands. 9.The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom. 10.Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. 11.But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river--and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers, "Pluff! Pluff!" A hundred and eighty-five kilograms." 三．同位语： 1.They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. 2.During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month"s stockholders" meeting, Levin asserted that "music is not the cause of society"s ills" and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. 3.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect", a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects--a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen--is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. 法硕联盟论坛 www.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.com 祝您考研成功！ 12 4.There are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with sub millimeter accuracy--far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. 5.The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century. 6.At the same time, the American Law Institute--a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight--issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. 7. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbe rs and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irres ponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equa lly detached from the responsible management of business. 四． 后置定语： 1.Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. 2.But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”（看翻译） 附加句： 3.They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. 4.It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. 5.If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class. 6.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low--level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head--scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want. 7.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.（看翻译）（名词到动词） 法硕联盟论坛 www.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.comwww.fashuounion.com 祝您考研成功！ 13 8.New ways of organizing the workplace--all that re-engineering and downsizing--are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. 五．状语:::: 1. President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. 2. It’ s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making. 3.To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best an