考研英语语法讲义

语法与挑错授课 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 考研英语语法基础与长难句分析 考研英语语法基本规则体系 句子的基本成分与语法概述 谓语动词和系动词及其变化：时态、语态、情态动词、虚拟语气 非谓语动词短语：动词不定式、动名词、分词 从句：名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句 特殊结构：强调结构、倒装结构、并列结构、分隔结构、特殊语序 英语词法概述 英语词汇按照词义、词形及其在句子中的功用可分为十大类，即： (一).名词 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示人或事物的名称,英文缩写n.。 (二). 代词代替名词或数词,英文缩写pron.。 (三). 形容词表示人或事物的性质和特征, 英文缩写adj.或a.。 (四).副词用来说明动词、形容词或其它副词，英文缩写adv.或ad.。 (五). 数词表示数量或顺序, 英文缩写num.。 (六). 动词表示动作或状态, 英文缩写v.。 (七). 冠词表示名词的泛指或特指, 英文缩写art.。 (八). 介词表示名词或代词与其它词的关系, 英文缩写prep.。 (九). 连词连接词与词、短语与短语或句子与句子, 英文缩写conj.。 (十). 感叹词表示说话时的感情, 英文缩写interj.。 很多英语 单词 英语单词 下载七年级上册英语单词表下载英语单词表下载深圳小学英语单词表 下载高中英语单词 下载 可能属于不同的词类。辨认某一单词的词性通常从看它的含义、词形和句法功能上分析。 英语句法概述 句子的基本成分 句子成分指构成句子、在其中起着不同语法作用的部分。常见的句子成分有： （1）​ 主语：表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”，通常由名词、代词或与之相当的短语或句子担任。 （2）​ 谓语：说明主语的动作或所处的状态，由动词或动词短语担任。 （3）​ 表语：说明主语的性质、特征、状态、名称或身份等，与连系动词一起使用，由名词、代词和形容词或与之相当的短语或句子担任。 （4）​ 宾词：表示动作的对象或内容，或用于介词后构成介词宾语，由名词、代词或与之相当的短语或句子担任。部分动词，后跟间接宾语和直接宾语，其中，直接宾语一般指动作的对象，间接宾语一般指动作的内容。 （5）​ 补语：补充说明主语或宾语，由形容词、名词或其它相当的短语担任。 （6）​ 定语：修饰或限定名词，由形容词或与之相当的从句或短语担任。 （7）​ 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，由副词或与之相当的短语或从句担任。 句子的基本类型 按照句子的主要成分划分，有两种基本类型： （1）​ 主语+联系动词+表语+其它成分。包括there be结构和含有被动语态的简单句。 （二）主语+谓语+其它成分。 时态-----谓语和系动词的变化 动词的时态用以表示不同的时间和动作方面的动词形式。共有十六种时态。句子的时态变化，主要体现在连系动词或谓语动词上。　 连系动词的时态变化 过去 现在 将来 过去将来 一般 was/were am/is/are will be am/is/are going to be would be was/were going to be 进行 Was/were being Am/is/are being Null Null 完成 had been Have/has been Will have been am/is/are going to have been would have been was/were going to have been 完成进行 null null null null 谓语的时态变化 过去 现在 将来 过去将来 一般 过去式 Do/does will do am/is/are going to do would do was/were going to do 进行 Was/were doing Am/is/are doing will be doing am/is/are going to be doing would be doing was/were going to be doing 完成 had done Have/has done Will have done am/is/are going to have done would have done was/were going to have done 完成进行 Had been doing Have/has been doing Will have been doing am/is/are going to have been doing would have been doing was/were going to have been doing 特殊的主系表结构----被动语态 英语有主动和语态两种语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。被动语态中可用 by 短语表示被动语态动作的发出者。 情态动词-----谓语和系动词的进一步变化 情态动词是表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词,本身有一定的含义,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其它动词原形构成谓语或和be构成连系动词。 特殊的主系表结构----被动语态 英语有主动和语态两种语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。被动语态中可用 by 短语表示被动语态动作的发出者。 情态动词-----谓语和系动词的进一步变化 情态动词是表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词,本身有一定的含义,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其它动词原形构成谓语或和be构成连系动词。 句子的基本类型： 主语+连系动词+表语+其它成分。包括there be结构和含有被动语态的简单句。 主语+谓语+其它成分。 经典案例 1．​ I am a university student. 我 是 一 大学 学生 。 主 系 表（名词短语）8、10、11 我是一名大学生。 2．​ My home is in the South of China. 我的 家 是 在中国南部。 主 系 表（介词短语）8、10、11 我家在中国的南部。 3．​ There are five people in my family. 那儿 是（有） 五 人 在我的家。 表 系 主（名词短语） 状（介词短语） 我家有五口人。 4．​ Rice is grown in my hometown. 稻米 是 被种植 在我的家乡 主 系 表（被动） 状（介词短语） 我的家乡种植稻米。 5．​ My father teaches English at a middle school. 我的 父亲 教 英语 在一所中学。 主（名词短语） 谓 宾 状（介词短语） 我父亲在一所中学教英语。 6．​ My mother also teaches. 我的 母亲 也 教学。 主（名词短语） 状 谓 我母亲也教学。 7．​ She teaches children to read. 她 教 孩子们 阅读。 主 谓 宾 宾补（动词不定式） 她教孩子们阅读。 8．​ My brothers go to school. 我的 弟弟 去上学。 主（名词短语） 谓（动词短语） 我的弟弟们在上学。 9．​ My parents find teaching very exciting. 我的 父母亲 发现 教学 很 令人激动。 主（名词短语） 谓 宾 宾补（形容词性短语） 我的父母亲发现教学很有意思。 10.They often tell my brothers interesting stories in the evening. 他们 经常 讲述 我的弟弟们 有趣的 故事 在晚上。 主 状 谓 间接宾语（名短） 直接宾语（名短） 状（介词短语） 在晚上，他们经常给我的弟弟讲有趣的故事。 11.We had some shoes like those a month ago. 我们 有 一些 鞋子 象 那些 一 月 以前 主 谓 宾（名短） 定语（介短） 状 一个月之前，我们有一些象那样的鞋子。 12.They were in fashion last year. 他们 是 流行的 去年。 主 系 表（介短） 状 去年，它们很流行。 13.He is going to leave for France tomorrow. 他 将要 离开 前往 法国 明天 主 谓 状（介短） 状 他明天将要动身去法国。 14.He is going to be away for a long time. 他 将会是 离开 长达 一 长的 时间。 主 系 表 状（介短） 他将会离开很长一段时间。 15.We will miss him. 我们 将会 怀念 他。 主 谓 宾 16.There will be only three people in this building. 那儿 将会 是（有） 只 三 人 在…这 楼。 表 系 主（名词短语） 状 （介短） 这栋楼里将会只有三个人。 17.He has been to America for many times. 他 已经 是 到 美国 经过 很多 次。 主 系 表（介短） 状（介短） 他已经到过美国很多次了。 18.He has gone to America. 他 已经 去 美国。 主 谓（动短） 宾 他已经去了美国。 19.I had finished my work before supper.` 我 曾经 完成 我的 工作 在..之前 晚饭。 主 谓 宾（名短） 状 （介短） 我已经在吃晚饭之前干完了我的工作。 20.She had been a typist before 2001. 她 曾经 是 一 打字员 在2001年前 主 系 表 状（介短） 在2001年以前，她曾经是一名打字员。 21.I will have been there by 4 o’clock. 我 将要 已经 是 那儿 到 四 点钟。 主 系 表 状（介短） 我将会在四点钟之前到那儿。 22.He will have forgotten all about this matter before long. 他 将要 已经 忘记 所有 有关 这 事 很快。 主 谓 宾 定（介短 后置） 状 不久之后，他将把这件事忘的一干二净。 23.George is reading a book now. 乔治 是 在读 一 书 现在。 主 谓 宾 状 乔治现在正在读一本书。 24.The palace is being built. 这 宫殿 是 在是 被修建。 主语 系 表（被动） 这座宫殿正在建设。 25.We were talking about you this morning. 我们 是 在谈话 有关 你 今天早上。 主 谓 状 状 我们今天早上一直在谈论你的事。 26.This problem was being discussed yesterday afternoon. 这 问题 是 在是 被讨论 昨天 下午。 主 系 表（被动） 状 昨天下午在讨论这个问题。 27.I will be visiting my parents this time tomorrow. 我 将要 是 在看望 我的 父母 这 时间 明天。 主 谓 宾 状 明天的这时候，我要去看望我父母。 28.Our company will be inspected next week. 我们的 公司 将要 是 被视察 下一 星期。 主 系 表（被动） 状。 下星期，将有人来我们公司视察。 29.She said she would be setting off on the four o’clock train. 她 说 她 将要 是 在出发 在 四点钟 火车。 主 谓 宾从 主 谓 状（介短、名段） 她说她打算乘坐四点钟的火车走。 30.She told me that she would be greeted at the airport. 她 告诉 我 她 将会 是 被接 在 机场。 主 谓 间宾 宾从直宾 主 系 表（被动） 状 她告诉我将会有人在机场接她。 31.I have been living here for ten years. 我 已经 是 在..住 这儿 经过 十年 主 谓 状 状 我已经在这儿住了十年了。 32.This stadium has been built since 1998. 这 博物馆 已经是 被建 自从 1998年。 主 系 表 状 这个博物馆从1998年起就已经筹建了。 33.I had been looking for the book for hours before I found it. 我 曾经 是 在寻找 这 书 长达 数小时 在..之前 我 找到 它。 主 谓 宾 状 状从 主 谓 宾 在找到这本书之前，我一直找了好几个小时。 34.Trees had been planted for years before the flood. 树 曾经 是 被种植 长达 数年 在..之前 这 洪水。 主 系 表（被动） 状 状（介短） 在发洪水以前的数年中，人们一直在种树。 35.I will have been working here for twenty years by the end of the year. 我 将会 已经 是 在工作 在这儿 长达 二十 年 到.. 这 末 …的 这 年 主 谓 状 状（介短） 状（介短） 到今年年底，我将在这儿工作20年了。 被动结构：一种特殊的主系表结构；主语和动词之间的被动关系。 A fire _______during the night and a large number of houses _______to ashes. A. broke out, were burnt B. was broke out, were burnt C. broke out, burnt D. set out, were burned English ____ in Australia. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken A new house ___ at the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building His new book___ next month. A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published Newly-born babies ___in hospital. A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of C. take good care of D. take good care 情态动词：can may must could might should will ought to dare 不能单独使用，用在系动词或谓语动词前，可以和完成时态连用。 With all this work on hand, she ______ to the dance party last night. A. oughtn’t to go B. hadn’t gone C. shouldn’t have gone D. mustn’t have gone You ought ______ the matter to the manager the day before yesterday. A. to report B. to have reported C. to reporting D. have reported 构成句子成分的复杂元素之一---------非谓语动词短语 非谓语动词指在句子中起名词、形容词或副词作用的动词形式。 非谓语动词包括动名词、分词和动词不定式。非谓语动词不能单独作谓语；非谓语动词可以带有自己的宾语、状语或逻辑主语。非谓语动词有语态和时态的变化。 Climbing mountain is a good exercise. Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. 　　 He gets up early to catch the first bus. 动词不定式 主干及其变体： 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 （not）to make （not）to be made 完成式 （not）to have made （not）to have been made 进行式 （not）to be making （not）to be being made 语法功能：在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。 一、动词不定式的基本用法 1）作主语： It is not easy ____ the answer to the difficult math problem. A. to figure out B. figuring out C. figure out D. being figured out 2）作宾语： They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. 3) 作宾语补足语： My mother teaches children to read. 动词+宾语+不带to的不定式（do）作宾语补足语的情况： 1. 感官动词：see, watch, notice, look at，hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel 2. 使役动词：make, let, have(使得)，help(可带to, 也可不带to) The teacher has his students ___ a composition every other week. A. to write B. written C. writing D. write 当感官和使役动词后面的不定式变成被动语态时，必须加上to。 Henry is often seen _____ English aloud every morning in the classroom. A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read 4）作状语： 例（1）： _______ a teacher, one must first be a pupil. A. Being B. Having been C. To be D. To have been 例（2）：We hurried to the station ______ find ourselves three hours earlier for the train. A. only to B. in order to C. so as to D. such as to 5）作定语：通常后置，放于被修饰词的后面，与前面被修饰的词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 例：The question ______ at the meeting tomorrow is very important. A. to discuss B. being discussed C. to be discussed D. will be discussed 二、动词不定式的被动式 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的对象时（或动作的承受者时），不定式一般要用被动式。 We shall ask for samples _____ and then we can make our decision. A. to be sent B. being sent C. to sent D. to have been sent 本句的意思是：“我们 要求 对教师党员的评价套管和固井爆破片与爆破装置仓库管理基本要求三甲医院都需要复审吗 把产品的样品送来，然后才能做出决定。” The ability _____ is very important for any speaker. A. to hear clearly　　 B. to be clearly heard　　 C. to hearing clearly　　 D. to being clearly heard 本句的意思是：“发言人的一个重要能力就是让大家都听清楚讲话。” 三、动词不定式的完成式 表示不定式的动作发生在句子谓语所表示的动作之前。因此考生不但要熟练掌握动词的不定式，还要理解好句意。 例：Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computers. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 动名词 主干及其变化： 主动形式 被动形式 一般时 doing being done 完成时 having done having been done 语法功能：在句子中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。本节将重点讲解动名词基本用法，及其完成式，和逻辑主语。 She apologized for ____ to attend the meeting. A. her being not able B. her to be not able C. her not to be able D. her not being able I am considering __________ my job as I'm not getting on well with my boss. A. changing B. to change　　 C. changed D. to be changed Do you feel like_____ today? A. having something eaten B. having something to eat C. to have something eaten D. to have something to eat 二、动名词的完成时：表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生时，用动名词的完成时。 例（1）I don’t remember _____. A. ever to be saying B. to have ever said C. having ever said that　 　 D. ever said that 例（2）I regret having done such a thing.我后悔做了这样的事。 三、动名词的逻辑主语 当动名词的逻辑主语是代词时可使用形容词性的物主代词或代词的宾格。 例（1）Would you mind ______ the computer game in your room? A. he play B. his playing C. him to play D. him play mind的后面要接动名词做宾语，动名词的逻辑主语用物主代词+动名词。本句的意思是：“我在你房间里玩电脑游戏你介意吗？” 例（2）He forgot about _____ him to attend my wife’s birthday party. A. I asking　　 B. my asking C. me to ask　 D. mine to ask 分词 分词包括现在分词（原形-ing）和过去分词(原形-ed)。 一、分词在句中的作用：两者都可在句中担任定语，表语，状语，补语，和独立主格、 例（1）I walked out of the cinema, ______to return to see the wonderful film the next Sunday. A. determine B. being determined C. determined D. to be determined 过去分词在这里做伴随状语。 例（2）Before the guests come, I must get the glasses ______. A. washed B. to be washed C. being washed D. to wash 过去分词在这里做宾语补足语。 例（3）John, _____ the bet, had to pay for the dinner. A. lost B. having lost　 C. losing D. having loss 现在分词的完成时在这里做原因状语。 二、现在分词和过去分词的区别：主要在于现在分词表示主动，正在进行；过去分词表示被动，动作完成。 例（1）Is there any possibility of getting the price______ further? A. reduced B. reduce C. reducing D. be reduced 例（2）Today the police can watch cars ____ on roads by radar. A. run B. to run C. running D. to be run 在这里，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，且为主动。 例（3）She told me that it was the most _____ gift her daughter had received. A. delighting　　 B. delighted　　 C. delights　　 D. delight 现在分词修饰的是事物，常译作“令人…”，具有主动的意思。过去分词修饰人，常译作“感到…”，具有被动的意思。又如：the moved audience：受感动的观众，a moving film:感人的电影。 三、现在分词的被动式和过去分词的区别。 例（1）Standing on the bank, the children watched the ship _____ with all kinds of goods. A. loading　　 B. being loaded C. to be loaded D. having loaded 例（2）The interviewer should take down notes at the moment the person _____ answers the questions. A. to be interviewed B. interviewing C. being interviewed　　 D. interviewed 现在分词的被动式，表示动作正在发生，且表被动。 例（3）We found the cake eaten by Tom我们发现是汤姆吃了蛋糕。 （过去分词表示动作的完成和结果。） 四、分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语关系。 ①．二者一致时，分词形式要由动词与主语的关系决定。 例（1）_____ tired after a hard work, she fell into bed and went straight to sleep. A. Felt　　 B. Feeling　　 C. Being felt　 D. To feel 例（2）Arriving at the bus stop, _____ waiting there. A. he found a lot of people　 　 B. a lot of people were C. he found a lot of people’s　　 D. people were found 分词短语做伴随状语时，和主句共用一个主语。 ②．当分词短语带有自己的逻辑主语时，则要涉及到分词的独立主格形式（一般由名词担任）。 例（1）All things _____, the planned trip had to be called off. A. considered B. be considered C. considering D. having considered 例（2）Classes ______, the students left for home without delay. A. were over B. being over C. are over D. over 当分词短语的主语和主句的主语不一致而且又有自己的主语的时候，要用分词的独立主格。因此只有B最符合语法结构。本句的意思为：“下课后，同学们一点没有耽搁，直接回家了。”分词的独立主格作时间状语。 例（3）______, we decided to leave at once, as we didn't want to risk missing the bus. A. As it being pretty late B. It being pretty late C. It was being pretty late D. Being pretty late 例（4）The plane crashed, its bombs _____ as it hit the ground. A. exploded　　 B. were exploded C. exploding　　 D. were exploding 例（1）Weather permitting, we’ll go to the Summer Palace. 如果天气允许的话，我们去颐和园。分词的独立主格做条件状语。 例（2）It being Sunday，you needn't go to school.因为是星期天，你用不着去上学。分词的独立主格做原因状语。 例（3）All the work done, you can have a rest.所有的工作都完成了，可以休息了。 例（1）With the bridge ____, there was nothing for it but to swim A. was destroyed B. destroying C. being destroyed D. destroyed 这里过去分词表示被动，with结构表示原因。 例（2）With the flowers _____everywhere, the park looks beautiful. A. to bloom B. blooming 　 C. be blooming D. to be blooming 例（3）With the old man _____ the way, we had no trouble in finding that mysterious cave. A. leading　　 B. led　　 C. lead　　 D. to be led 非谓语动词配套练习 1. Although the lecture had already been on for five minutes, I still was not able to find a chair _____. A. to sit B. for to sit on C. to sit on D. for sitting 2. “What did you do in the garden?” “I watched my father _____ his motorbike.” A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing D. repairs 3. We must have an engineer _____ the workers build the house. A. to see B. see C. seeing D. seen 4. John didn’t want to risk _____ wet as he had only one suit. A. getting B. to get C. being got D. to be gotten 5. I remember _____ to the zoo by my father when I was little. A. being taken B. taking C. have been taken D. to have taken 6. I regret _____ you that your application has been refused. A. inform B. being informed C. to be informed D. to inform 7. There is something wrong with my TV set, I must have it _____. A. checking B. check C. to check D. checked 8. The machines are made _____ at full speed. A. work B. working C. to work D. to be worked 9. Without the sun’s light _____ the earth’s surface, it would be so cold that life could not exist on the earth. A. warms B. warmed C. warming D. to warm 10. The famous scientist was easy _____ along with. A. to get B. for getting C. getting D. got 11. _____ from the hill-top the lake scenery is beyond description. A. To see B. Seeing C. Seen D. Having 12. All flights _____ because of the storm , they decided to take the train. A. having cancelled B. were cancelled C. have been cancelled D. cancelled 13. There’s one thing I dislike about him: he will never admit _____ a mistake. A. having made B. making C. being made D. have been made 14. The electric shaver _____ before it can be used. A. needs repairing B. requires to repair C. should be in repair D. has to be repairable 15. _____ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not received B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 16. _____in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. to lose 从句：英语中从句包括：名词从句、定语从句和状语从句。 名词性从句：名词从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。 3.1.1、主语从句 名词性从句可以由下列连词、连接代词和连接副词引导。 连词：that，无意义，在从句内部不充当句子成份。引导宾语从句时that可以省略。 Whether，是否，在从句内部不充当句子成份。引导宾语从句时可以用if替代。 连接代词：which(哪一个)，what(…的东西)，whatever（无论…的东西），who(谁)，whoever（无论谁）在从句内部做从句的主语或宾语。 连接副词：when(何时)，where（哪里），how（怎样/如何），why(为什么) 在从句内部做从句的状语。 主语从句 含有主语从句的句子中，经常用用it做形式主语。 例（1）_____ you don’t know the rule won’t be a sufficient excuse for your failure. A. It is B. That C. Because D. What 例（2）That the earth is round is true.（It is true that the earth is round.） 地球是圆的，这是个事实。 例（3）______ was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality. A. What B. That 　　 C. Which D. As 本句的意思是：“曾经被认为是不可能的事情如今变成了现实。” 例（2）_____ I saw was two men crossing the street. A. What　　 B. Whom　　 C. Who　　 D. That 例（3）_____ was not the way the event happened. A. Which the press reported　　 B. That the press reported C. What did the press report　　 D. What the press reported 例：When we’ll start is not clear.（It is not clear when we’ll start.） 我们何时出发还不清楚。 句型It is desirable（suggested，necessary，requested，ordered，proposed，urgent）+that+主语+should（可省略）+V（动词原形）。 例（1）It’s urgent that a meeting _____ before the final decision is made. A. will be arranged　　 B. must be arranged C. be arranged　 　 D. would be arranged 例（2）It is highly desirable that a new president _____ for this university. A. is appointed　 　 B. will be appointed C. be appointed　　 D. has been appointed 表语从句 This is what he wants.这就是他想要的东西。 The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow morning. 问题是我们明天上午能否完成任务。 宾语从句 I must tell you how _____ a letter from you. A. pleased I was to receive B. pleased I was to receiving C. was I pleased to receive D. pleased I was receiving A modern city has been set up in _____ was a wasteland ten years ago . A. what B. which C. that D. where 形式宾语：当宾语为一从句，且后面有形容词或名词做宾补时，常用形式宾语，用it指代，将真正宾语放在后面。 例（1）： I don’t think it advisable that Tom _____ to the job since he has no experience. A. be assigned B. is assigned C. will be assigned D. has been assigned 例（2）：We consider _____ the instrument be adjusted each time it is used. A. that it necessary B. it necessary that C. necessary that D. necessary of it that 同位语从句 常跟在fact，idea，news等名词的后面，通常用连词that引导。 例（1）The news quickly spread through the village ______ the war had ended. A. which B. what C. that D. where 例（2）Evidence came up ____ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old. A. where B. that C. which D. what 例（3）My suggestion that we do the experiment again is accepted by them. 我建议再做一次实验，他们接受了。 例（4）His proposal that they（should）challenge the other groups to a friendly competition is praised by the teacher.他提议向别的组挑战，来一场友谊竞赛。这个提议受到了老师的表扬。 同位语从句与后面要讲的定语从句区别： 定语从句的作用是修饰限制先行词；而同位语从句是对其前名词的解释或说明。 同时，在同位语从句中，that本身没有具体的意义，只是一个引导词，而且不充当任何句子成分；在定语从句中，that既是引导词，又在句子中充当成分。 例：The news that he will quit his job is true. 他要辞职的消息是真的。 The news that you told me is true. 你告诉我的消息是真的。 名词性从句配套练习 1. He told me that he had bought a music tape and _____ buy another one the next week. A. that he would B. he was going to C. he would D. he should 2. We don’t doubt _____ he can do a good job of it. A. whether B. that C. if D. which 3. I wonder how many years ago _____. A. did your father retire B. your father retired C. has your father retired D. your father has retired 4. We all agree with him on _____ he said. A. what B. that C. why D. which 5. The teacher told the children that the Chinese culture____one of the oldest cultures in the world. A. is B.was C. had been D. has been 6. I will give this dictionary to _____ wants to have it. A. whomever B. whoever C. whatever D. wherever 7. _____ all the inventions have in common is _____ they have succeeded. A.That,what B. What, that C. That, that D. What, what 8. Three days later, word came_____ our country had sent up another man-made satellite. A. when B. which C. that D. where 9. If you do your best it doesn’t matter _____ people think of you. A. that B. what C. which D. if  10.______you didn’t know the rules won’t be a sufficient excuse for your delaying submitting the report. A. It is       B. That      C. Because        D. What 11. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. for 12. I am sure ________ he said is true. A. that B. about that C. of that D. that what 13. Why the explosion occurred was ________ the laboratory attendant had been careless. A. for B. because C. since D. that 14. One of the men held the view ________ the book said was right. A. what that B. that what C. that which D. which that 15. He insisted that he ________ in good health and _______ to work there. A. was, be sent B. is, is sent C. be, was sent D. be, send 16. We think it possible ________ the local government will be able to solve the housing problem. A. for B. that C. when D. how 定语从句 在复合句中起定语作用的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句分为两种：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。 一、关系代词who，whom，whose，which，that引导的定语从句，关系代词在定语从句内部做主语、宾语、定语。 例（1）The company official _____ would be fired received a raise. A. whom　 　 B. whoever　　 C. who　　 D. of whom 二、关系副词 when ,where, why, 引导的定语从句，关系副词在定语从句内部做状语。 例（1）We live in a time ______