大学英语四级讲座

null大学英语四级讲座 CET 4大学英语四级讲座 CET 4写作部分----论说文 主讲 蔡红旭null文章框架： Introduction 「 Topic sentence Main Body ∣Supporting sentences （一二三原则）∟ Examples Conclusion 文章结构：总、分、总 材料的组织方法材料的组织方法 四级作文段落 四级作文段落 现象阐释型现象阐释型 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 目多是社会问题 提出：现象（What) 要求：分析 (Why) 结论：解决 (How) 第一段 1）引话题 2）承上启下 第二段 1）主题句 2）原因+举例 第三段 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf null（2003.1）It Pays to Be Honest 1. 当前社会上存在许多 不诚实的现象 2. 诚实利人利已，做人应该诚实 null 第一段 陈述现象（不诚实）+举例 第二段 分析现象 1）不诚实的坏处 2）诚实的好处 3）小结句(诚实有回报) 第三段 1）总结（做人应该诚实） nullAlthough honesty is believed to be a virtue, there are still dishonest people in our society. For example, some businessmen sell fake products to their consumers; some students cheat in the exams. nullDishonest people are short-sighted. Those who sell fake products may make money at the beginning, but customers won't buy their products any more. As a result, they will lose their fortune or even be sent to prison. nullBy contrast, honest people gain a lot. Those who always tell the truth or keep promise not only make others trust them but gain respect from other people as well. Since they are trustable and respectable, everyone would be eager to make friends with them, so they are sure to have a lot of friends. Besides, it is easier for a person with a good record to get a good jobnullGenerally speaking, every employer wants his employees to be honest. So we can say that anyone who is honest would be paid back later. In a word, honesty wins trust, respect and honor. Therefore it is important that we should be honest .null写作 模板 个人简介word模板免费下载关于员工迟到处罚通告模板康奈尔office模板下载康奈尔 笔记本 模板 下载软件方案模板免费下载 ： A Nowadays __________ is a common phenomenon in society. For example,_________. ________ do more (good) than (harm) to us. For one thing, ___________________ . For another, ___________________ . In summary, / In a word, it is more valuable ________________ . nullB Recently ______________ has aroused public concern. It has both ___________ and ____________._______ do more (good) than (harm) to us. On the one hand,_______________ . On the other hand, ______________ . From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that _________________ . 现象解释十二句作文模板一现象解释十二句作文模板一1.Recently,____________. 描述现象，引出话题。 2.What amaze us most is___________. 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 现较典型的一个方面。 3.It is true that _____________. 对现象做出评论。 4.There are many reasons is __________. 承上启下，解释这一现象的原因。 5.The main reason is ____________. 说明 关于失联党员情况说明岗位说明总经理岗位说明书会计岗位说明书行政主管岗位说明书 原因一。 6.What is more,_____________. 原因二。 7.Thirdly ,___________. 原因三。 8.As a result ________________. 讲述导致的结果。 9.Considering all these ,___________. 作者的态度。 10.For one thing ,________________. 观点一。 11.For another ,____________. 观点二。 12.In conclusion ,________. 总结全文。现象解释十二句作文模板二现象解释十二句作文模板二 1.As is known to all,____________. 摆明现象 2.__________seems to get accustomed to __________. 讲明事实，空格内填入people等 3.In fact ,_______________. 说明发生的实质变化 4.The reasons of ________lie in several aspects. 引起下文，讲明原因 5.Firstly ,____________. 原因一 6.Secondly,___________. 原因二 7.Thirdly ,_________. 原因三 8.Finally ,_________ . 原因四 9.As a matter of fact ,_________. 说明作者的观点 10.On the one hand , _________. 支持着一观点的理由一 11.On the other hand ,___________. 支持理由二 12.Therefore ,__________. 得出结论现象解释十二句作文模板三现象解释十二句作文模板三1.Nowadays ,_________. 说明现象 2.For one thing ,__________. 支持这一道理的一个方面 3.For another ,____________. 另一方面 4.It is obvious ____________. 说明现象具有典型的一方面 5.Many remarkable factor contribute to___________. 表明原因，引起下文 6.First of the all ,___________. 产生这一现象的原因 7.In addition ,__________. 原因二 8.Thirdly ,_______________. 原因三 9.As to me ,_______________. 作者的观点 10.as we know ,___________, 支持这一观点的理由一 11.Besides ,_________________. 支持这一观点理由二 12.In a word ,________________. 结论。 nullUseful sentences: Never in history has the issue of ……been more visible than …… Nowhere in the world has the problem of ……been as evident as…… Now there is a growing awareness / recognition of the necessity of ……nullNow, people in growing number are beginning / coming to realize that …… Recently the problem / issue / question of ……has been brought to public attention Recently the problem / issue / question of ……has caused/ aroused worldwide concern ……has become a hot topic, and heated debates are right on their way. null演练题目 Restore Our Traditional Festivals 现在有很多年轻人更喜欢过西方节日 这种现象的原因是…… 我们对待西方节日的态度是…… Fast Food 1. 快餐在中国十分流行，它是现代快节奏社会的最佳反映。 2. a. 快餐受欢迎有两条原因 b. 然而，从营养角度来讲，快餐却差强人意 3. 对快餐还是以偶尔品尝为宜。 Online Education 1.目前网络教育形成热潮 2.我认为这股热潮的的原因是…… 3.我对网络教育的评价 问题对策型问题对策型题目社会问题或大学生面临的实际问题 (1). 阐述问题/提出问题 (2). 问题形成的原因/解决问题的办法 (3). 我的看法/做法 null（1997.6）Getting to Know the world Outside the Campus 1.大学生了解社会的必要性。 2.了解社会的途径（大众媒介，社会服务等）。 3.我打算怎么做。null第一段 1)引出话题（必要性） 2）支持句 （必要性原因） 第二段 1）主题句 （途径） 2）一二三原则 第三段 解决段（自己做法） nullGetting to Know the World Outside the Campus With our society developing at an unprecedented speed, getting to know the world outside the campus has become an indispensable part for college students. On one hand, it will keep the students informed with the updated information beyond the books and classes; on the other hand, it will enable the students to adapt to the society more easily after graduation. nullStudents can gain access to the world outside the campus through the following means. Firstly, communication with seniors and friends, including parents, relatives, teachers etc. Secondly, various media such as radio, TV, newspapers and mostly importantly, the Internet. Last but not the least, taking part-time jobs or acting as voluntary workers. nullAs for me, a student who is about to graduate from college soon, I will commit myself to broadening my horizon through the media, especially the Internet, and communication with people from all walks of life. In addition, I will grasp every opportunity to practice my professional skills for my future career. null写作模板 A. Sometimes we find there are really many problems / difficulties in ________. Then how can we manage to overcome all these? Step by step, first, ______. Secondly, ___________. Thirdly, _______ . Last, __________________________________________. After a period of painstaking efforts, I feel that ____________ . nullB. These days we often hear that __________________ . There are some possible reasons for that. In the first place, ___________________. In the second place, ____________________________. To solve the problem is not easy at all, but is worth trying. We should do something such as __________ to improve the present situation, and I do believe everything will be better in the future. nullUseful sentences: Now people are increasingly aware / conscious of ……. Recently the problem of …… has been in the limelight. Generally speaking, the major reasons for ……can be listed as follows, ………….nullObviously / Apparently, several reasons contribute to / account for …….. It is high time that quick / necessary action / steps / measures should be taken to ………… We should try every means to ………….. Many things can contribute to solving the problem, but the following ones may be most effective. ………………… null演练题目: On Power Failure 1.很多城市严重缺电 2.分析原因 3.提出解决办法 Green Olympics 1. 2008年中国要举办一次绿色奥运会 2. 为什么要提倡“绿色奥运” 3. 如何为绿色奥运做准备 对比选择型对比选择型题目权衡两种不同方法或观点的利弊 (1). 一些人对待某一事物的观点是…… (2). 另外一些人对待该事物的态度是…… (3). 我的看法… 1．分析观点一的利弊—分析观点二的利弊—做出选择 2．分析两种观点各自的优点—分析两种观点各自的不足——做出选择null （95.1.）Can Money Buy Happiness? 有人认为金钱是幸福之本 (source of happiness) 2. 也有人认为金钱是万恶之源 (root of all evil) 3. 我的看法nullCan money buy happiness? Various people have various answers. Some people think that money is the source of happiness. With money, one can buy whatever he enjoys. With money, one can do whatever he likes. So, in their minds, money can bring comfort, security, and so on. Money, as they think, is the source of happiness.nullBut there are still a lot of others who think that money is the root of all evil. Money drives people to steal, to rob, and to break the law. A lot of people became criminals just because they were in search of money. And in the Western countries, there is nothing that can’t be bought by money. Many people lose their own lives when hunting it.nullI think that money is essential to life and we cannot do without money. But even though money is necessary to life, it can’t buy happiness. Happiness is not something that can be measured by money. It is a state of mind. One can have plenty of money, with which he can buy whatever he wants, and at the same time he is not happy because he is never satisfied or he is troubled by various kinds of problems. Therefore, although money is necessary for a happy life, it can’t buy happiness.null写作模板： A. People's opinions about ________ vary from person to person. Some people are inclined to ____ for the following reasons. Firstly,_______ . Secondly, ___________. Other people, however, take a different attitude that _________. On the one hand,_________ . On the other hand, _________. My own point of view is that __________ , because ___.Also,________. So _______.nullB. _______ has become a hot topic among people, and heated debates are right on their way. Quite a few people think __________ . It sounds good because _____________ . On the contrary, there is a universally acknowledged saying that __________.To them, ____________________ In my opinion, ________. For one thing，___________. For another, _________ . Hence, ____________. nullUseful sentences: Different people hold different opinions about …… Some take it for granted that …… But others take an opposite idea that …… People’s views about ……vary from person to person. Some people say that…… While others think that …… In the face of …… Some people take the position that ……. Some people come to believe that ……nullThere is no consensus（一致） of opinions among people as to the view of ……. Some people suggest that …… While some others argue that ……. As far as I am concerned, ………………… When it comes to me, …………….. There are two main reasons why I am opposed to / in favor of the first/second view. Through the discussion mentioned above, we may draw the conclusion that …… null演练题目： Should Private Cars Be Encouraged? 1.私人购车已成为一种时尚，很多人认为应该鼓励人们购买私家车 2.也有很多人认为不应鼓励私人购车 3.我的看法…… What Should College Students Do？ 1.很多人认为大学生应多参加校内外活动，锻炼各种能力最重要，学习只要能达到基本要求就行。 2.也有很多人认为大学生的首要任务就是学习，就业后再锻炼能力也不晚。 3. 你给大学生的建议是…… 观点论证/论说反驳型观点论证/论说反驳型论证观点的正确性 表明观点---论证观点---得出结论 (1). 阐述观点 (2). 举例证明 (3). 重述主题 null （97.1）Practice Makes Perfect 1. 怎样理解“熟能生巧”？ 2. 例如：在英语学习中．．． 3. 又如．．．null Practice Makes Perfect The famous saying “Practice makes perfect” is widely accepted today. It means if we practice unfamiliar things again and again, we’ll be able to perform it perfectly. nullThe practice of learning English is a good example. We are not living in an English speaking country. So, in order to learn it well, we need extra practice, such as reading English books, going to English corners, or communicating with foreigners. Only sitting at the desk cannot lead to the mastery of English. nullAs another example, if we want to be skilled in using the computer, we also need to practice using it. Some children become little experts in computer, just because they play with it everyday. On the contrary, if we just stick to books, we will still feel confused when using computers. Judging from the evidence offered, we might safely draw the conclusion that practice makes perfect. null写作模板： A famous old saying goes that______ . It means that__________ . I have had such experiences for many times.___________ is a good example. ______________. Another case in point is __________. Whatever you do, please remember____ . If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you’ll necessarily benefit a lot from it. null演练题目: Nothing is Impossible 1.中国有句老话, “世上无难事，只怕有心人”. 2.举例证明 3.事情的成功往往取决于人的态度 Hope Project 1.希望工程对于渴望教育而又上不起学的孩子来说意义非凡 2.举例说明 3.我的观点 null“四步定位法” 一定中心：一个中心 二定方法：讲道理、摆事实 三定结构： 开头（起）、中间（承、转）、结尾 （合） 四定句式：简单句→并列句(加并列连词)→复合句(加表示逻辑关系的连词或代词等)→拓展句(加非谓语等结构)。 null写作“四步定位法”实例讲解 Will E-books replace traditional books? 1). 随着信息技术的发展，电子图书越来越多 2). 有人认为电子图书会取代传统图书，理由是…… 3). 我的看法null一定中心： “Will Ebooks replace traditional books”---Yes or No （对比选择型） 二定方法：可以先讲道理，再举例 三定结构：提纲有三点要求， 1.“提出问题” 2.“分析问题”(分析别人的观点) 3.“分析问题”(提出自己的观点，并作简单论证) 即：引出话题、别人的观点、自己的观点三个段落。 nullPara. 1：Introduction: ubiquitous（普遍存在的） E-books nowadays/E-books become more popular Reasons: the development of information technology (IT) Examples: E-products/e-based products—e-mails, e-ticketsnullPara. 2：Some people’ s view: E-books will replace traditional books. Reasons: advantages of E-books; disadvantages of traditional books Examples: reading online without payment; immediate reading newly headline information nullPara. 3：(possible version 1) My view: agree 　　Reasons: advantages of E-books; (convenient and accessible; easily storing and place-saving; easy-reading; environment protection) 　　Examples: bamboo-based books replaced by paper-based books nullPara. 3：(possible version 2) 　　 My view: disagree 　　Reasons: advantages of traditional books 　　Examples: reading traditional books is good for eyes/healthy 　　nullPara. 3：(possible version 3) 　　My view: (neither totally agree nor totally disagree) coexist 　　Reasons: both has its advantages of existing 　　Examples: young people like E-books, while the old like traditional books;coexisting of camera and painting nullPossible version 1：agree 　　With the developing of information technology, we are living in an e-era, where E-based products have become more and more popular. E-mails, e-tickets and e-books have played a growing role in our daily life, while paper-based materials, such as traditional books, are suffering a great loss of their readers.nullSome people believe that E-books will replace the traditional books eventually because of its obvious advantages. Firstly, they are convenient and accessible. You can read so many kinds of interesting e-books without paying any money just if you have a computer connecting to the internet. Secondly, reading e-books has developed into part of our daily life. We can easily get latest headline information just by clicking a mouse gently without hearing noise made by frequently thumbing pages. nullAs far as I’m concerned, I share the same opinion with above persons. Besides the reasons offered by them, E-books are so beneficial for forest protection that they are greatly helpful in saving energy and protecting environment. Just as bamboo-based books were put an end by history, traditional books will lose its all readers and disappear in the future.nullPossible version 2：disagree(前两段同上) 　　As for me, a long-time book worm, it’s not likely for E-books to replace traditional books. There are enough reasons which make traditional books survive. For example, long time of reading E-books will do harm to our eyes, and readers will find themselves more accessible to printed materials because of unpopularity of computers and the internet to every corner of our life.nullPossible version 3：co-exist (前两段同上) 　　From my perspective, I firmly believe e-books can not take the traditional books’ place totally. They will unquestionably co-exist for a long period. Although the e-books offer us lots of favorable consequences, the traditional books can provide us opportunities to take note on them and to be easy for collection. Therefore, e-books and traditional books are preferable to different people, and both of them can bring us benefits.null定位法模板 第一段： There is no denying the fact that 陈述现象，引起话题 To begin with， 主题展开句1 What’s more， 主题展开句2 第二段：There are many reasons accounting for 承上启下，解释原因 The main reason is 原因1 Furthermore,原因2 The last but not the least, 原因3 As a result, 讲述导致的结果 null第三段： As far as I’m concerned, 作者态度 For one thing, 观点一 For another, 观点二 In conclusion, 结论null(2008.12) Limiting The Use of Disposable Plastic Bags 1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用 2.造成的问题 3.限制使用的意义 For many years we have been using disposal plastic bags when we are shopping on the market, and most often these bags are offered by the shops for free. This, undoubtedly, has brought us great convenience in our daily life. nullHowever, its disadvantages are also very apparent, and I’ll just venture to explore two aspects. For one thing, the plastic bags are mostly indecomposable in the natural state so that with the increasing use of these bags, it will not only seriously bring about the so-called “white pollution” to the environment, it can also cost us a lot to have them decompose completely so as to minimize their damage to the environment. For another, the production of plastic bags are often not strictly supervised, so a large proportion of the bags don’t meet the requirements for healthy products, which means the more we use them, the more likely we are to suffer in health. nullThe negative effects of the plastic bags are far serious than what I’ve mentioned above, so it’s high time the government issued strict laws and  measures to stop using the bags. By so doing, we can save a lot of money from producing these bags as well as return a cleaner earth to ourselves and the later generations. nullModel answer 2: With its great advantage of convenience and endurance, disposable plastic bags are being widely used and have been an indispensable part of our daily life. We’ve been used to enjoying receiving free plastic bags offered by shop assistants, whenever we buy clothes, shoes and food at supermarkets or department stores. It seems that life without them is unimaginable for most of us.nullHowever, they do cause a lot of problems, especially bringing severe damage to our environment. Not only do they affect the beautifulness of our living settings，but also do harm to our health，because they are made from some kinds of chemical material which can not be disposable. Once we burn them or bury them, they may pollute our air or water heavily.nullThus, it’s imperative for us to take effective measures to limit the use of disposable plastic bags. Such actions are of great significance. It’s helpful in saving natural resource besides making our cities’ faces clean and beautiful. Furthermore, it can help reduce harmful damage to environment and thus to our human’s health. In view of current bad effects made by using disposable plastic bags, we each are responsible for limiting their use. Only in this way can we have a bright future.null四级写作常用句型 一．综合运用篇 1.随着社会的不断发展，出现了越来越多的问题，其中之一便是____________。 Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that.... 2.然而，对于此类问题，人们持不同的看法。（Hold different attitudes 持不同的看；Come up with different attitudes 有不同的看法） As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes. null3.随着社会的发展，人们开始关注....... As society develops, people are attaching much importance to.... 4.求职的过程中，人们慢慢意识到面试的重要性。 People are attaching more and more importance to the interview during job hunting 5.关于是否值得___________的问题，一直以来争论不休。当然，不同的人对此可能持不同的观点。 As to whether it is worthwhile ....., there is a long-running controversial debate. It is quite natural　that people from different backgrounds may have divergent（分歧的） attitudes towards it. null6.在都市的发展中，我们往往会陷入困境。 In the process of modern urban development, we often find ourselves in a dilemma. 7.最近，这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注，有人开始担心______________。 Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm that.... 8.人类进入了一个历史的崭新的阶段，经济全球化、都市化的速度不断加快，随之给我们带来了很多问题。 The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history, with the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention.null9._______显得非常重要而成为当今世界所关注的最大的问题，这是无可厚非的。不过，问题是："我们该如何抉择？“ ...... plays such an important role that it undeniably becomes the biggest con