托福个性化模板

模 板 素 材 一、综合写作常用词汇： 1、对材料的指称： ①听力： the speaker the lecturer the professor the listening material the lecture the talk ②阅读： the writer the author the reading material the writing the passage 2、表示要点间的关系的词和短语： ①质疑、驳斥关系的词或短语： refute = rebut + n 驳倒, 反驳 disprove + n 反驳, 证明...为误 deny + n 或 + that 否定，否认 challenge sth. 或者challenge sb on sth 置疑(…的正确性) question + n 置疑(…的正确性或合理性) cast doubt on / raise doubt over + n 怀疑 doubt + n 或 + that 怀疑 oppose + n 反对 object to = disagree with + n 反对，不赞成 be opposing to / sb be opposed to 反对 be against 反对 be contrary 相反 be opposite to 相反 contradict + n 同...矛盾/抵触 be contradictory to 同...矛盾/抵触 conflict vi 抵触，有分歧 A and B conflict 或者A conflict with B be conflicting to 抵触，有分歧 differ from + n 与.. 不同 ②支持、强化关系的词或短语： support + n 支持 back + n 支持 enhance + n 增强，强化 strengthen + n 加强 uphold + n 支持，维护 justify + n 为…辩护，证明…的是正当的 3、陈述材料 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 的词和短语： according to the lecture (reading passage) adv. say talk about + n discuss + n state + that 说; 陈述 remark + that 谈起，说 believe + that make the point that + 从句 take the position that + 从句 propose + to do / + that 提议，主张 maintain + that 主张，认为 argue + that 争辩到, 认为 indicate + that 表明，指出 suggest + that 提出，表明 mention + n 提及，说起 note + n 或 + that 指出，说到 claim + that 声称，断言 assert + that 断言, 声称（formal） affirm + that 断言；肯定 （formal） contend + that 声称，主张 （formal） allege + that 宣称, 断言（formal） put forward + n 提出 point out + that 指出 conclude + that 断定 4、表示转折关系的词和短语： ①adv. in contrast / on the contrary / on the other hand ②conj. while / whereas / although 5、表示转承的词和短语： ①first, first of all, the first reason / point ②second, furthermore, moreover, besides, what is more, in addition, another reason / point ③third, finally, in the end 6、其他有用的词汇： basis n. 根据 grounds n. 理由，原因 evidence n. 证据 proof n. 证据 groundless adj. 无根据的，无依据的 unwarranted adj. 无根据的，不敢保证的 incorrect adj. 不正确的 improper adj. 不合适的，不恰当的 inappropriate adj. 不合宜的，不适当的 incomplete adj. 不完全的，不完整的 exemplify + n 举例说明 illustrate + n / + that 举例说明 cast light on 使…显现 given that… 考虑到 in that … 由于, 因为 regarding prep. 关于 concerning prep. 关于 with regard / respect to prep. 关于 二、综合写作黄金句型： 1、首段（稍作转换亦可用于中间段） ​ The lecture…, which … the main idea in the reading that … ​ The professor … . On the contrary / in contrast / however, the writer … a different / contradictory / opposing idea that … ​ Contrary to / opposed to the belief / idea / point in the passage that …, the professor … that … ​ The professor … the viewpoint showed / suggested / indicated / mentioned / discussed / stated in the passage that … by saying that … ​ The evidence / proof / points / opinion given / provided / stated in the passage is groundless / unwarranted / somewhat inappropriate / inaccurate when compared to what is …ed in the lecture. The lecture … 2、中间段 ​ The professor made the point that … The reading, in contrast, held a …view by saying that … ​ As regards to / in terms of …, the listening material …the reading material. … ​ Another important point …in the reading material is that … but the listening presents a conflicting / contradictory / opposing / negative / opposite idea that …. ​ The second / third point / reason / evidence …in the reading passage is that… . Contrary to it is the professor’s …that … ​ Not as the passage puts it / Unlike … in the passage,, the lecturer ... ​ The passage …but it is not the case in the lecture. The professor … ​ The passage… while the lecture… . This was another part where (the … of) the lecture … (the … in ) the passage (that…). ​ Finally, the professor …. that … , which … the standpoint made by the writer who said that … 三、综合写作句型集 1、表示要点间的关系 The lecturer totally disagrees with the view made in the reading. The speaker completely denies the idea made in the passage. The professor entirely challenges the statement made by the author. This directly contradicts what the passage indicates. , which directly denies what the author states. This directly challenges what the reading passage believes. In the lecture, the speaker has totally different ideas on the topic made in the reading. In the lecture the professor has completely different ideas on the topic made in the passage In the listening the lecturer has entirely different ideas on the topic made in the reading passage 1、表示要点内容和要点间的关系 Reading Points … while Listening Points … The reading passage contends that… ，but , however the lecturer argues that …. According to the reading passage, … ; on the other hand the professor in the listening argues that… In the reading passage, the author believes that … ; in contrast the lecturer holds the opposite opinion and believe that… Contrary to the point in the reading that…, The speaker states that… Different from the opinion in the reading that … The professor in the lecture argues that… In the listening, the professor says that… This directly contradicts what the reading passage indicates, because … the speaker in the listening argues that… This point disagrees with statement demonstrated in the reading that… According to the lecturer, … ，which refutes the point that … in the reading. The lecturer believes that … ，which casts doubt on the author’s point that … According to the professor in the lecture，... ，which differs from the reading in that the reading states..... 打造个性化模板 模版范例： It is …ed in the lecture that…, which …the passage. According to the passage, … First, contrary to / opposite to / opposed to the …in the passage that…, the professor …that … The second … in the reading / by the author is that … however, the lecture .... This is another point / part where the lecture …the passage. Finaly, the author of the passage …that …. Not as the passage puts it / Unlike … in the passage, the lecturer ...