专业英语Lesson 13 Microprocessor

nullLesson 13 Microprocessor Lesson 13 Microprocessor • Backgrounds • Text tour • Language in use – Vocabulary – Structure – Reading/writing techniques**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》BackgroundsBackgrounds • Terminology – microprocessor 微处理器 – arithmetic/logic unit 算术逻辑单元 – registers 寄存器 – control unit 控制单元 – cache memory 高速缓存 – local memory 内存 – oscillator 晶振 – microcontroller 微控制器 – substrate creation 衬基制备**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》BackgroundsBackgrounds • Terminology – oxidation 氧化 – lithography 光刻 – etching 蚀刻 – ion implantation 离子注入 – film deposition 薄膜沉积 – die 掩模 – clean rooms 清洁车间 – scanning tunneling microscopy 扫描隧道显微检查 – molecular-beam epitaxy 分子束外延**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》Text tour Text tour • Outline 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Computer Memory 13.3 Microcontroller 13.4 Semiconductors 13.5 Transistors 13.6 Construction of Microprocessors 13.7 History of the Microprocessor 13.8 Future Technology **《测控技术与仪器英语教程》13.1 Introduction 13.1 Introduction • Microprocessor is an electronic circuit that functions as the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer, providing computational control • The microprocessor is one type of ultra-large-scale integrated circuit • A microprocessor consists of several different sections – arithmetic/logic unit – registers – control unit – bus – local memory **《测控技术与仪器英语教程》13.2 Computer Memory 13.2 Computer Memory • Separate integrated circuits, called random-access memory (RAM) chips, which contain large numbers of transistors, are used in conjunction with the microprocessor to provide the needed memory • two kinds of random-access memory – Static RAM – dynamic RAM **《测控技术与仪器英语教程》13.3 Microcontroller 13.3 Microcontroller • A microprocessor is not a complete computer • A different kind of integrated circuit, a microcontroller, is a complete computer on a chip, containing all of the elements of the basic microprocessor along with other specialized functions **《测控技术与仪器英语教程》13.4 Semiconductors 13.4 Semiconductors • Its ability to conduct electricity ranks between that of a conductor and that of a nonconductor, or insulator • Silicon is the most common semiconductor material • The basic building block of most semiconductor devices is the diode, a junction, or union, of negative-type (n- type) and positive-type (p-type) materials **《测控技术与仪器英语教程》13.5 Transistors13.5 Transistors• the transistor used most commonly in the microelectronics industry is called a metal-oxide- semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) • the construction of MOSFET**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》13.6 Construction of Microprocessors 13.6 Construction of Microprocessors • Microprocessors are fabricated using techniques similar to those used for other integrated circuits • The processing steps microprocessors – substrate creation – oxidation – lithography – etching – ion implantation – film deposition **《测控技术与仪器英语教程》13.7 History of the Microprocessor13.7 History of the Microprocessor• The first microprocessor was the Intel 4004, produced in 1971 • The first 8-bit microprocessor was the Intel 8008, developed in 1972 • The first truly general-purpose microprocessor, developed in 1974, was the 8-bit Intel 8080 • Modern microprocessors have much greater capacity and speed – Intel Pentium Pro – UltraSparc-II – PowerPC620 – Alpha 21164A **《测控技术与仪器英语教程》13.8 Future Technology13.8 Future Technology• Higher integration rate • Lithographic techniques will also require improvements • new technology like molecular-beam epitaxy and scanning tunneling microscopy will be able to used in microprocessor **《测控技术与仪器英语教程》Language in useLanguage in use•Vocabulary –cache memory, gate, monitor • Structure • Reading/writing techniques **《测控技术与仪器英语教程》cache in dictionarycache in dictionary• 隐藏处所, 隐藏的粮食或物资, 贮藏物 • 隐藏, 窖藏 • 高速缓冲存储器 **《测控技术与仪器英语教程》cache in textcache in text• cache memory 高速缓冲存储器 **《测控技术与仪器英语教程》cache in usecache in use• cache camp supplies by a lake 把野营的供应物资贮藏在湖畔 • Cache memory 高速缓冲存储器 **《测控技术与仪器英语教程》gate in dictionarygate in dictionary• [古]街道, 路 • [方]习惯性的行为或动作 • [苏]旅行的路线 • [苏]距离 • [主英]放牧(尤指在公共土地上放牧) • 大门**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》gate in textgate in text• logic gate 逻辑门**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》gate in usegate in use• He 's gone some other gate. 他已向另外某个方向去了。 • It's a long gate from here. 距这里还很远。 • elementary gates 基本门电路 • AND gate 与门 **《测控技术与仪器英语教程》monitor in dictionarymonitor in dictionary• (学校的)班[级]长, 教务助理生, 导生(代理教师的学生) • 监听员; 监听器; 监视器, 控制器; (火箭的)追踪器 • 劝告[告诫、警告]者; [古]忠告者, 监督 • 稳定[控制, 检查, 保护, 安全]装置, 保险设备 • 提醒物, 告诫物 • (救火、采矿等用的)喷射口, 水枪 • 【军】浅水炮舰 • (电影)调音员 • 【动】大壁虎, 巨蜥 • 监视; 监控; 检验, 检查; 调节; 追踪**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》monitor in textmonitor in text• such as monitor and printer 就像显示器和打印机**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》monitor in usemonitor in use• monitoring grazing conditions 监控放牧情况 • monitor stations 监控站**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》null Structure**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》null Reading/writing techniques**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》