专业英语Lesson 6 Dynamic Performance

nullLesson 6 Dynamic PerformanceLesson 6 Dynamic PerformanceBackgrounds Text tour Language in use Vocabulary Structure Reading/writing techniques**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》BackgroundsBackgroundsTerminology Zero-order Systems 零阶系统 First-order Systems 一阶系统 step response 阶跃响应 Frequency response 频率响应 Second-order systems 二阶系统 sensitivity of the system 灵敏度系数 the static sensitivity 静态灵敏度 the transfer operator of the system. 系统的传递因子**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》Text tourText tourOutline 6.1 Zero-order Systems 6.2 First-order Systems 6.3 Second-order Systems 6.4 Step-response Specification 6.5 Frequency-response Specification **《测控技术与仪器英语教程》6.1 Zero-order Systems6.1 Zero-order SystemsZero-order Systems ：output is proportional to the input no matter how the input varies Figure 6.2 Block-Diagram Representation of a Zero-order System **《测控技术与仪器英语教程》6.2 First-order Systems6.2 First-order SystemsA first-order differential equation : ,**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》6.2 First-order Systems6.2 First-order Systemsthe standard form of the transfer operator : , Figure 6.3 Block-diagram representation of a first-order system**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》6.2 First-order Systems6.2 First-order Systemsa) step response Figure 6.4 The step response of a first-order system**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》6.2 First-order Systems6.2 First-order Systems b) Frequency response Figure 6.5 Output response to a sin-wave input**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》6.2 First-order Systems6.2 First-order Systems Figure 6-6 Frequency response of a first-order system **《测控技术与仪器英语教程》6.3 Second-order Systems6.3 Second-order SystemsA second-order system a standard second-order system In terms of the D operator **《测控技术与仪器英语教程》6.3 Second-order Systems6.3 Second-order Systems Figure 6.7 Block-diagram representation of a second-order system **《测控技术与仪器英语教程》6.3 Second-order Systems6.3 Second-order Systems is a measure of the damping present in a system and is equal to the ration of actual damping to critical damping: ⅰ) when this system is here said to be underdamped ⅱ) when this is the critically damped condition ⅲ ) when here the system is overdamped **《测控技术与仪器英语教程》6.3 Second-order Systems6.3 Second-order Systemsstep response Figure 6-8 Step response of a second-order system**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》6.3 Second-order Systems6.3 Second-order Systems Figure 6-9 Graph of % overshoot against damping ratio **《测控技术与仪器英语教程》6.3 Second-order Systems6.3 Second-order Systemsfrequency response Figure 6-10 Frequency response of a second-order system**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》6.4 Step-response Specification6.4 Step-response SpecificationThree terms are used to specify a system’s step time, rise time, and setting time : ⅰ) Response time ( ) ⅱ) Rise time ( ) ⅲ) Settling time ( ) **《测控技术与仪器英语教程》6.4 Step-response Specification6.4 Step-response Specification Figure 6-11 Step response illustrating response, rise, and settling times**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》6.5 Frequency-response Specification6.5 Frequency-response SpecificationA.V. devices: working over a range or band of frequency Figure 6-12 Typical frequency response of an a.c. device**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》6.5 Frequency-response Specification6.5 Frequency-response SpecificationD.C. devices: responding to d.c., i.e. down to zero frequency Figure 6-13 Typical frequency response of a d.c. device**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》Language in useVocabulary concern, encounter, interpret, lag, overshoot, trace, indicate, magnitude Structure Reading/writing techniquesLanguage in use**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》nullVocabulary **《测控技术与仪器英语教程》concern in dictionaryconcern in dictionary涉及：与…有关或相关 关心：有兴趣的或有重要性的 参与：集中注意力于…；卷入 使担忧：引起焦躁或不安**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》concern in textconcern in textIn cases like this , the static performance of the measuring system is of prime concern. 这类例子中，主要涉及测量系统的静态性能。 **《测控技术与仪器英语教程》concern in useconcern in usean article that concerns the plight of homeless people. 关于无家可归者处境的文章 This problem concerns all of us. 这个问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 攸关我们全部人 We concerned ourselves with accomplishing the task at hand. 我们参与了手边的这项任务 The firm's weak financial posture is starting to concern its stockholders. 这个公司的财政危机已开始困扰股东**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》encounter in dictionaryencounter in dictionary不期而遇：相遇，尤指意外遇到；偶然遇见 对抗：在战役或辩论中遭遇 遭遇：**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》encounter in textencounter in textThese three inputs the illustrated in fig 6-1 and may be encountered in front section . 以上三种输入如图6.1所示，在前面章节也曾遇到过。 **《测控技术与仪器英语教程》encounter in useencounter in useencountered an old friend on the street. 在街上偶然遇见一位老友 encounter numerous obstacles. 遭遇很多阻碍**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》interpret in dictionaryinterpret in dictionary说明：解释…的意思 理解：将…解释为；理解 诠释，体现：以艺术或评论的方式 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 达或使概念化 口译：口头翻译**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》interpret in textinterpret in textHowever , in this chapter only the transient and frequency response will be considered, since these will be needed to interpret measuring –system specifications. 但是在这一章，只考虑瞬态和频率响应，原因是做测试系统说明时需要这些。**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》interpret in useinterpret in useinterpreted the ambassador's remarks. 解释大使的言论 interpreted his smile to be an agreement; interpreted the open door as an invitation. 把他的微笑理解成首肯；将敞开的大门认作为邀请**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》lag in dictionarylag in dictionary跟不上；落伍 缓慢的进行：以相对较慢的速度行进或发展 减弱：逐渐减弱、衰退或动摇；低落 （以击母球的方式）决定先后次序：一种决定台球比赛顺序的方法，即在成功地击中母球底边并使其从台球桌底边上弹回后，以最靠近顶边的球的击打者为先击者**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》lag in textlag in textit can be seen that the output lags behind the input. 可以看出，输出滞后于输入。 **《测控技术与仪器英语教程》lag in uselag in useThe electric current lags behind the voltage. 电流的相位小于电压**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》overshoot in dictionaryovershoot in dictionary超过，越过 射过头：因为或似因为射击、击打或推动过远而未击中某物 飞越机场，滑出跑道：飞到…之外或飞过；超越： 越出，超出；超过**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》overshoot in textovershoot in textwhen here the system is overdamped and responds in a sluggish manner, again with no overshoot in the response and no resonance in the frequency response. 系统过阻尼，响应处在迟滞状态，阶跃响应无超调，频率响应无共振。**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》overshoot in useovershoot in useThe plane overshot the runway. 飞机滑出了跑道**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》trace in dictionarytrace in dictionary痕迹：因人、动物或物体通过造成或留下的一可见记号，如脚印 遗迹：表示某物以前出现过或存在的证据或指示；痕迹 丝、毫：一种几乎不能感觉到的象征；一丝： 极少量：非常小的数量**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》trace in texttrace in textThus an a.c. amplifier on an oscilloscope will have a typical specification of a bandwidth of 8 Hz to 10 Hz , which means that at 8Hz and 10Hz the trace size for a constant-amplitude input wave will be 70% of that for a mid frequency, say 1KHz. 因此，一个示波器中的交流放大器具有典型的8Hz-10Hz的频带，也就是说，在8Hz与10Hz 之间，一个恒定振幅的输入波的跟踪频率是中间频率的70％，即1KHz。 **《测控技术与仪器英语教程》trace in usetrace in usespoke with a trace of sarcasm. 带着一丝嘲讽地说**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》indicate in dictionaryindicate in dictionary指示，指明：表明道路或方向；指出 象征，显示：作为一种标志、症状或象征；象征 说明，显示：暗示或表明某事之必要性、迫切性或明智性 简述，表示：简单扼要地说明或表明**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》indicate in textindicate in textThe standard form indicated in equation 6.4 and 6.5 is very convenient, because a firs-order system always producers a standard response to either a step or a sin-wave input. 式(6.4)和式(6.5)所表达的标准形式是很方便的，因为一阶系统无论对阶跃还是正弦输入，经常产生标准的响应。**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》indicate in useindicate in usean arrow indicating north; indicated the right road by nodding toward it. 指示北方的箭头；点头指明正确的路 The cracking and booming of the ice indicate a change of temperature 冰层破裂时轰轰作响显示了温度的变化 The symptoms indicate immediate surgery. 症状表明急需外科手术 indicated his wishes in a letter; indicating her approval with a nod. 信上简要地表达了他的意愿；她点头表明同意**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》magnitude in dictionarymagnitude in dictionary崇高：职务或者地位的重要 巨大：尺寸或程度上的大 重大：意义或者影响上的重大**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》magnitude in textmagnitude in textThe term ‘percentage overshoot ‘ is used to express the magnitude of the first overshoot as a percentage of the final or steady-state value. “超调率”是将第一次超调值与最终值或稳态值的百分比。 **《测控技术与仪器英语教程》magnitude in usemagnitude in usesuch duties as were expected of a landowner of his magnitude 应该由地位崇高的地主来担负的责任 The magnitude of the flood was impossible to comprehend. 这场水灾的危害性是无法了解的 was shocked by the magnitude of the crisis. 被这场危机的严重程度震惊了**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》nullStructure **《测控技术与仪器英语教程》nullReading / writing techniques**《测控技术与仪器英语教程》