大学英语综合教程

Appendix I Appendix I Key to Exercises (Units 1-8) Unit 1 Part I Pre-reading Task Script for the recording: Have you ever heard of the pop singer, John Lennon? Here he is singing a song he wrote for his son. It's called Beautiful Boy. Close your eyes Have no rear The monster s tone He's on the run and your daddy's here Beautiful, beautiful, beautiful Beautiful boy Beautiful, beautiful, beautiful Beautiful boy Before you go to sleep Say a little prayer 1 John Lennon (1940-1980): First became famous as a singer and guitarist in the Beatles, a British rock group, writing many of their most successful hits. Later he left the group, but continued to be popular as a singer and songwriter. 66 - Appendix I Every day in every way It's getting better and better Beautiful, beautiful, beautiful Beautiful boy Beautiful, beautiful, beautiful Beautiful boy Out on the ocean sailing away I can hardly wait To see you come of age But I guess we’ll both just have to be patient ‘Cause it's a long way to go A bard row to hoe Yes it's a long way to go But in the meantime Before you cross the street Take my band Life is what happens to you While you're busy making other plans Beautiful, beautiful, beautiful Beautiful boy Beautiful, beautiful, beautiful Beautiful boy Before you go to sleep Say a little prayer Every day in every way It's getting better and better 1 A hard row to hoe: To hoe is to use a special farming tool, a hoe, to clear small weeds and break up the surface of the soil. The row referred to is a row of plants. Appendix I - $9 - Beautiful, beautiful, beautiful Beautiful boy Darling, darling, darling Darling Sean You've just heard John Lennon singing a lullaby to his son Sean. A lullaby is a song we sing to help babies to go to sleep. So he tells Sean "Close your eyes, have no fear, your Daddy's here." Then he looks into the future. He sees his son setting out on life's adventure: Out on the ocean sailing away And he can hardly wait to see his son grow up, to reach eighteen when he comes of age and celebrates becoming an adult. But he knows they'll both have to be patient Cause it'a long way to go A hard row to hoe Growing up can be difficult. At times it can, as we say, be a hard row to hoe. It's a phrase we use to describe any difficult task. But if growing up is sometimes hard, it is also full of surprises. Things happen when we least expect them: Lire is what happens to you While you're busy making other plans I think you'll find the stories you are going to read in this unit show that John Lennon was right: growing up can be quite an adventure, full of the unexpected. As for John Lennon, sadly he never did live to see his son grow up and come of age, for John was shot dead by a madman in New York while Sean was still only five years old. - 90 - Appendix I Part II Text A Text organization l. Paragraphs Headings 1 Baker's feelings about English courses 2 Baker's impression of his new English teacher 3 A topic that attracts Baker's attention 4 Vivid memories the title brought back 5 Baker's sudden desire to write about that topic 6 Anticipating punishment 7 Mr. Fleagle's announcement 8 Classmates' response to the essay 9 What Baker discovered 2. Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas Part i Paras 1-2 Baker was bored by everything associated with English courses, including essay writing. Part II Paras 3-5 Baker found himself attracted by one particular topic and wrote about it for his own joy. Part III Paras 6-9 The experience of writing the essay helped him discover his talent for writing and realize what he wished to do in life. Appendix I - 91 - Vocabulary I. 1. 1) arguments 2) put ... down 3) sequence 4) rigid 5) tedious 6) hold back 7) reputation 8) distribute 9) off and on 10) vivid 11) associate ... with 12) congratulations 13) finally 14) turn in/turn out 15) tackle 2. 1) George has been assigned to the newspaper's Paris office. There is a possibility that his wish to become a writer will come true. She had a clear image of how she would look in twenty years' time. When the officer gave the command the soldiers opened fire. As long as people keep buying bikes we'll keep turning them out. 3. 1) Mr. Green is very dull as a lecturer. He's rigid and old fashioned, and doesn't seem to have the faintest idea of how to inspire. I always get bored with / by his lectures. Alan's essays are long and tedious to read. What's more, his arguments are often based on out of date ideas. I was pleasantly surprised at my ability to compose an essay that the professor chose to read to the class. It was without doubt one of the happiest moments in my school career, but I did my best to avoid showing pleasure. When the professor offered me his congratu​lations, however, I could hardly hold back a smile. II. Synonyms in Context 1. composed 2. severe 3. agony 4. extraordinary 5. recall 6. command 7. was violating 8. anticipate III. Collocation 1. at 2. for 3. of 4. with 5. as 6. about 7. to 8. in, in - 92 - Appendix I 9. from 10. on/upon Structure 1. 1) Russell Baker is reported to live today with his wife in Virginia. They are said to be building another bridge across the river. Only a few students in Mr. Parker's composition class are said to have really captured the essence of the essay. Those love poems were believed to have been composed by an English poet of the sixteenth century. 2. 1) as you suggested 2) as I told you to ■ exactly as I was as you have described them to me Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze 2. congratulations 4. scanned 6. vivid 8. off and on 10. career (A) 1. hold back 3. tedious 5. recall 7. arguments 9. turn out/turn in (B) 2. after 4. kids/children 6. for/of 8. So 10. she 12. assignment/book 14. proved 16. myself 1. that 3. black 5. at 7. different 9. On 11. answer 13. wrong 15. Thus II. Translation Susan lost her legs because of / in a car accident. For a time, she didn't know how to face Appendix I - 93 - up to the fact that she would never ( be able to) walk again. One day, while scanning (through ) books, a true story caught her eye/she was attracted by a true story. It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a writer. Greatly inspired. Susan made up her mind to read as much as she could, and what's more, she wanted to write stories about her own childhood. Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be able to lead a useful life. Part III TextB Comprehension Check l.b 2. a 3. c 4. c 5.b 6. c Translation (参见 Appendix HI) 2. in advance 4. adjusting to 6. think up 8. clashes 10. evil 12. in the meantime 14. appeal Language Practice 1. on purpose 3. comprises 5. assumed 7. generally 9. represent 11. voluntary 13. motioned 15. decent Part IV Theme-related Language Learning Tasks Model paper A memorable Experience On the morning of the college entrance test I rode a bike to the school where I would take the - 94 - Appendix I examination. Less than halfway between my house and the school, disaster struck. My bike hit a nail and the front tyre went flat. I pushed the bike along the streets, looking for a repair shop. Minutes passed but still there was none to be found. When I looked at my watch, I went wild with worry: there were only fifteen minutes left before the examination began, and the nearest bus stop was a long way off. Not knowing what to do, I stood still by the side of the road, tears welling up in my eyes. Then a car pulled in and I heard a voice asking what the matter was. When he heard my story, the driver offered me a lift. Thank to his kindness, I arrived just in time. And so here I am today. ( 157 words) Unit 2 Part I Pre-reading Task Script for the recording: Just what are friends for? To have fun with, of course, to share in the good times. Yet most people would say that a real friend is more than just a fair weather friend. A fair weather friend? A fair weather friend is someone who's happy to stay with you when things are going well but leaves as soon as trouble arrives, while a good friend, a true friend, is one who'll stand by you when you find yourself in difficulties. That's certainly what the American pop singer Dionne Warwick thinks. As she tells her friend ... you can always count on me, For sure, that's what friends are for, For good times, an bad times, I’ 11 be on your side forevermore. But she sings it better than I can say it. So let's listen to her as she sings her song That's What Friends Are For. Appendix I - 95 - That's What Friends Are For Dionne Warwick And I never thought I'd reel this way And as far as I'm concerned I'm glad I got the chance to say That I do believe I love you And if I should ever go away, Well, then close your eyes and try, To feel the way we do today, / And then if you can remember, Keep smiling, keep shining, Knowing you can always count on me, For sure, that's what friends are for, For good times> and had times, I'll he on your side forevermore, That's what friends are for. Well, you came and opened me And now there's so much more I see And so by the way, I thank you And then for the times we're apart, Well, then close your eyes and know These words are coming from my heart And then it you can remember, Keep smiling, keep shining, Knowing you can always count on me, For sure, that's what friends are for, For good times, and had times, I'll he on your side forevermore, That' s what friends are for, Keep smiling, keep shining, Knowing you can always count on me, For sure that's what friends are for, For good times, and had times, I'll he on your side forevermore, - 9t© - Appendix I That's what mends are tor, Keep smiling, keep shining, Knowing you can always count on me, For sure, that's what friends are tor. For good times, and bad times, I'll be on your side forevermore, That' s what friends are for. Part II Text A Points for Discussion 1. a) He sounded as if he had a cold or something. "Thanks," I said, "but I don't want to read your mail. That's pretty personal." ... the first sentence reminded me of myself: "I've been meaning to write for some time, but I've always postponed it." It then went on to say that he often thought about the good times they had had together when they both lived in the same neighborhood. He shook his head: "Time." "This is a good part here," I said. "Where it says, your friendship over the years has meant an awful lot to me, more than I can say because I'm not good at saying things like that." I found myself nodding in agreement. "That must have made you feel good, didn't it?" "I know I'd like to receive a letter like that from my oldest friend." lext Organization 1. 1) The story begins with the cab driver reading a letter. The letter Tom wrote to his friend Ed. Their conversation was centered on the lifelong friendship between the driver and Old Ed. The author got to learn more about their friendship by reading the letter himself. 2. Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas Part One Paras 1-20 From a conversation with the cab driver the author learned how much he regretted failing to keep up correspondence Appendix I - 97 - with his old friend Ed. Part Two Paras 21-35 Reading the letter by himself, the author learned more about the lifelong friendship between the driver and Old Ed. Part Three Para 36 The driver's experience urged the author to reach for his pen. Vocabulary 2) available 4) are urging/urged 6) know ... by heart 8) hangs out 10) reunion 12) practically 14) going ahead I. 1. 1) absolutely 3) every now and then 5) destination 7) mostly 9) right away 11) or something 13) went by 15) keep in touch 2. 1) It seemed that his failure in the examination was still on his mind. He was completely choked up by the sight of his team losing in the final minutes of the game. She was so lost in study that she forgot to have dinner. Something has come up and I am afraid I won't be able to accomplish the project on time. The cost of equipping the new hospital was estimated at $2 million. 3. 1) A couple of flights at Pudong Airport were postponed this morning because of the awful weather. It is estimated that over one thousand passengers were held up. My professor assigned me some reference books on computers to read. Unfortunately they are not available in our school library. I am kind of worried about it. Michael is not much of a teacher. He often skips from one subject to another so it is difficult for his students to follow him. Besides he just lets them go ahead with exercises without making sure they have understood what they are expected to do. II. Collocation 1. to 2. for 3. at 4. from 5. in * 6. to 7. on 8. with - 9$ - Appendix I III. Usage 1. more or less 2. kind of/sort of 3. Something 4. kind of/sort of 5. more or less 6. or something Structure 1. 1) may/might as well watch may/might as well pour out may/might as well walk may/might as well buy 2. 1) She looks as if she is worried about it. It smells as if it is fresh. It sounds as if it is Chinese. It feels as if it is made of silk. Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze 2. awful 4. neighborhood 6. available 8. reunion 10. postponing 2. himself 4. So 6. long 8. from 10. when 12. for 14. go 16. out (A) 1. choked up 3. practically 5. correspondence 7. destination 9. Mostly 11. absolutely (B) 1. how 3. but 5. to 7. reply/answer 9. asking 11.touch 13. pieces 15. check Appendix I - 99 - II. Translation It is not easy to keep in touch with friends when they are far away. This is certainly true in my case. It has been a couple of years since I left my old neighborhood and all the friends I had there. I've been meaning to write to them but something or other comes up and I just don't seem to find the time. Now I have kind of lost touch with them. They are always on my mind, however, and I think I will certainly make an effort to keep up correspondence with them in future. Part III Text B Comprehension Check l.d 3. a 5. c 7. d 2. b 4. d 6. d Translation (参见 Appendix III) language Practice 1. stuff 3. dragging 5. get rid of 7. was peering/peered 9. swung 11. extent 13. draw on 15. Worse still 2. uneasy 4. highlight 6. despair 8.soaked 10. in good shape 12. rescue 14. let... down - 100 - Appendix I Part IV Theme-related Language Learning Tasks Model paper Old Friend, I've been meaning to write for some time, but I've always postponed it. You know what I'm like, always putting things off till tomorrow. And writing was never my strong point. But looking out the window just now at the kids playing outside reminded me of when we were their age. All sorts of memories, like the time Tim Shea broke the window, the Halloween that we tied Old Mr. Parker's gate, and when Mrs. Culver used to keep us after school, came flooding back. What a great time we spent hanging out together. Come to think of it, time was just about all we did have to spend in those days. But time flies. I began the letter with "Old Friend" because that's what we've become over the years—old friends. And there aren't many of us left. Which makes those who are all the more precious. You in particular. Your friendship over the years has meant an awful lot to me, more than I can say because I'm not good at saying things like that. Anyway, we've been out of touch for far too long. So I thought you'd like to know that I was thinking of you. We really must try to get together soon. Why not come to visit? You know you're always welcome. Your Old Friend, Tom PS If you see Tim Shea remind him he never did replace that ball of mine he broke the window with! (245 words) Appendix I - 101 - Unit 3 Part I Pre-reading Task Script for the recording: This unit begins with an article on science. Before you read it, let me tell you something about its author, Stephen Hawking. Hawking is perhaps the most well-known scientist since Einstein. Like Einstein his work tackles the big questions, questions such as How did the universe begin? Why is the universe the way it is? and How will it end? He is now working on what is sometimes known as the 'theory of everything.' Among other things, this promises to explain what caused the Big Bang that started the universe. But it is not simply the power of Hawking's mind that has led to his fame. For what many people find most striking about him is the contrast between the strength of his mind and the weakness of his body. For for many years Hawking has suffered from an illness that has left him unable to move and to speak normally. Born in England in 1942, Hawking had a normal childhood, and it was not until he was a student at university that his illness started to affect him. Hospital tests showed he was suffering from a disease that weakens control over the muscles. The disease gets worse with time and there is no known cure. But Hawking did not lose heart. As he says, "although there was a cloud hanging over my future, I found, to my surprise, that I was enjoying life more than before. I began to make progress with my research, and I got engaged to a girl called Jane Wilde. That engagement changed my life. It gave me something to live for." Hawking started research at Cambridge and went on to hold the same post that another great scientist, Newton, once held. Over the years his condition has worsened, but even when he finally lost the ability to speak, he managed to get round the problem. He now uses a computer that enables him to select words which are then turned into speech. "The only trouble," the English scientist says, "is that it gives me an American accent!" - 102 - Appendix I Part II Text A Text Organization 1. Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas Part One Paras 1-3 To make informed decisions about change, the public needs a basic understanding of science. Part Two Paras 4-6 What can be done to educate the public about science. Part Three Para 7 With an informed public, human civilization will survive. 2. 1) The importance of the teaching of science in schools. 2) The role mass media can play, especially what television can do. Vocabulary 2) brief 4) cut...off 6) anyway 8) moreover 10) in the form of 12) initiative 14) fit into 1 • 1) 3) 5) 7) 9) 11) 13) 15) 2 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 3. 1) inquired in terms of tend precise grasped sufficient convey in two minds Winning the match today has ensured their team a place in the Cup Final. Susan was not informed of the reasons why she was dismissed. These computer games entertain as well as educate the learner. No living thing can do without air and water. The election is likely to be held in June. The film's appeal lies in not only the entertainment it provides to the audience but also the questions it raises about the possible contact between human beings and alien civilizations. 2) The decision on the new project is made on the basis of scientific study. The project is Appendix I - 103 - likely to succeed despite the fact that we do not have sufficient funds at the moment. 3) True it is hard to make accurate predictions (预言), but the steady growth of the informa​tion industry ensures that this line of products will be highly profitable. II. Prefixation 1. regained 3. undersupplied 5. precondition 7. mispronounced 2. undecided 4. disabled 6. foresight 8. enrich III. Antonyms 2. 1)majority 3) increased 5) local 7) wrong 2) accepted 4) weaknesses 6) late 8) false Structure My income is now twice as much as I used to earn two years ago. I am wearing only half as much as I usually do because of the warm weather. If you had spent half as much time on your studies as your elder sister did, you could have made the honor roll. I could eat/could have eaten as much again if the doctor had not told me to go on a diet. As is shown by the growth rate of GDP in the last two decades, China's reform and open policy is a great success. As is predicted by some newspapers, there will be a substantial cut in tax on imported cars in - 104 - Appendix 1 the coming year. As is proved by the records, China's human rights situation has been steadily improving over the years. The failure of the joint venture was not, as was assumed by outsiders, because of lack of capital, but because of poor man