Model Test 6

1997年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷 Model Test 6 Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes) 　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Precious Water. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 　　1. 举例 说明 关于失联党员情况说明岗位说明总经理岗位说明书会计岗位说明书行政主管岗位说明书 水对人类的重要性 　　2. 举例说明我国所面临的水资源问题 　　3. 为了生存和发展人们要…… 　　Precious Water Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Pollution: A Life and Death Issue 　　One of the main themes of Planet under Pressure is the way many of the Earth's environmental crises reinforce one another. Pollution is an obvious example-we do not have the option of growing food, or finding enough water, on a squeaky-clean planet, but on one increasingly tarnished and trashed by the way we have used it so far. 　　Cutting waste and clearing up pollution cost money. Yet time and again it is the quest for wealth that generates much of the mess is the first place. Living in a way that is less damaging to the Earth is not easy, but it is vital, because pollution is pervasive and often life-threatening. 　　Air: the World Health Organization (WHO) says three million people are killed worldwide by outdoor air pollution annually from vehicles and industrial emissions, and 1.6 million indoors through using solid fuel. Most are in poor countries. 　　Water: diseases carried in water are responsible for 80% of illnesses and deaths in developing countries, killing a child every eight seconds. Each year 2.1 million people die from diarrhoeal (痢疾的) diseases associated with poor water. Soil: contaminated land is a problem in industrialized countries, where former factories and power stations can leave waste like heavy metals in the soil. It can also occur in developing countries, sometimes used for dumping pesticides. Agriculture can pollute land with pesticides, nitrate-rich fertilizers and slurry from livestock. And when the contamination reaches rivers it damages life there, and can even create dead zones off the coast, as in the Gulf of Mexico. Chronic Problem 　　Chemicals are a frequent pollutant. When we think of chemical contamination it is often images of events like Bhopal that come to mind. But the problem is widespread. One study says 7～20% of cancers are attributable to poor air and pollution in homes and workplaces. The WHO, concerned about chemicals that persist and build up in the body, especially in the young, says we may "be conducting a large-scale experiment with children's health". 　　Some man-made chemicals, endocrine (内分泌) disruptors like phthalates (酞酸盐) and nonylphenol-a breakdown product of spermicides (杀精子剂), cosmetics and detergents-are blamed for causing changes in the genitals of some animals. Affected species include polar bears-so not even the Arctic is immune. And the chemicals climb the food chain, from fish to mammals, and to us. 　　About 70,000 chemicals are on the market, with around 1,500 new ones appearing annually. At least 30,000 are thought never to have been comprehensively tested for their possible risks to people. 　　At first glance, the plastic buckets stacked in the corner of the environmental NGO office look like any others. But the containers are an unlikely weapon in one poor community's fight against oil companies which they say are responsible for widespread ill-health caused by years of pollution. The vessels are used by a network of local volunteers, known as the Bucket Brigade, to gather air samples in neighborhoods bordering oil refineries, as part of a campaign to monitor and document air pollution which they believe is coming from the plants. In South Africa, as in many developing and newly industrialized countries, legislation on air pollution has failed to keep pace with mushrooming industries. So local residents, like many in poor communities around the globe, have faced the problem of investigating their claim that industries on their doorsteps are making them sick. Trade-off 　　But the snag is that modern society demands many of them, and some are essential for survival. So while we invoke the precautionary principle, which always recommends erring on the side of caution, we have to recognize there will be trade-offs to be made. 　　The pesticide DDT does great damage to wildlife and can affect the human nervous system, but can also be effective against malaria (疟疾). Where does the priority lie? 　　The industrialized world has not yet cleaned up the mess it created, but it is reaping the benefits of the pollution it has caused. It can hardly tell the developing countries that they have no right to follow suit. Another complication in tackling pollution is that it does not respect political frontiers. There is a U.N. convention on trans-boundary air pollution, but that cannot cover every problem that can arise between neighbors, or between states which do not share a border. Perhaps the best example is climate change-the countries of the world share one atmosphere, and what one does can affect everyone. For One and All. 　　One of the principles that are supposed to apply here is simple-the polluter pays. Sometimes it is obvious who is to blame and who must pay the price, but it is not always straightforward to work out just who is the polluter, or whether the rest of us would be happy to pay the price of stopping the pollution. 　　One way of cleaning up after ourselves would be to throw less away, designing products to be recycled or even just to last longer. 　　Previous generations worked on the assumption that discarding our waste was a proper way to get rid of it, so we used to dump nuclear materials and other potential hazards at sea, confident they would be dispersed in the depths. We now think that is too risky because, as one author wrote, "there's no such place as 'away', and there's no such person as the 'other'." Irritating Air 　　Despite recent improvements, however, the health problems are still there. A 2002 medical study, carried out by Durban's Nelson Mandela School of Medicine and a U.S. university, found that an abnormally high 52% of students and teachers at a primary school bordering the Engen plant suffered from asthma (哮喘). It found that increases in air pollution tended to aggravate asthma symptoms in children. 　　The petrol producers do not dispute the findings but argue that researchers were unable to establish a causal link between air pollution and the high prevalence of asthma among the school population. 　　For the community, the next step is to take legal action. But, according to internationally recognized environmentalist Bobby Peek, targeting the companies would be difficult as it would be near-impossible to prove that illnesses suffered were caused by pollution coming from a particular plant. Mr. Peek, who grew up beneath Engen's stacks, says the activists are now considering taking action against the authorities. "We are now looking at suing the government on constitutional grounds, for failing to ensure our right to protection from a harmful environment as stipulated in the constitution," he said. Legislative Change 　　A new batch (批) of environmental laws, the National Air Quality Management Act, has just been passed by the South African parliament to replace outdated 1965 legislation with tighter controls and tougher sanctions. 　　Martinus van Schalkwyk, the minister of environmental affairs and tourism, visited the south Durban basin earlier this year and said there were measures in place to improve the situation. "I share the anger and frustration of this community. It is long overdue," he told the South African Broadcasting Corporation. The local authorities have also established a "Multi-Point Plan" for the area. They say it is a powerful model for tackling pollution and points to a 40% reduction in sulphur dioxide emissions in recent years. 　　1. According to World Health Organization, how many people are killed by outdoor air pollution? 　　[A] 3 million 　　[B] 2.1 million 　　[C] 1.6 million 　　[D] 3.2 million 　　2. Land can be polluted by ________ from agriculture. 　　[A] heavy metals 　　[B] pesticides and nitrate-poor fertilizers 　　[C] slurry from livestock 　　[D] rubbish 　　3. What kind of animal affected by man-made chemicals is not referred in the passage? 　　[A] Polar bears. 　　[B] Mammals. 　　[C] People. 　　[D] Birds. 　　4. What do local residents claim for? 　　[A] They are sick because of years of pollution. 　　[B] They are sick because of industries on their doorsteps. 　　[C] They are sick because of pesticides from agriculture. 　　[D] They are sick because of air pollution. 　　5. The pesticide DDT can be effective against ________. 　　[A] malaria 　　[B] wildlife 　　[C] animals 　　[D] human nervous system 　　6. There is a U.N. convention that can cover ________. 　　[A] problem between neighbors 　　[B] problem between states which do not share a border 　　[C] problems on air pollution 　　[D] trans-boundary air pollution 　　7. What is not said to be a way of cleaning up after ourselves? 　　[A] Throw less away. 　　[B] Design recycled products. 　　[C] Don't use it again. 　　[D] Last longer. 　　8. It found that increases in air pollution tended to ________________________. 　　9. According to Bobby Peek, targeting the companies would be difficult as it would be near-impossible to prove that illnesses suffered were caused by ________________________. 　　10. Martinus van Schalkwyk, the minister of environmental affairs and tourism, visited the south Durban basin earlier this year and said there were measures in place to ________________________. Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) Section A 　　Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C) and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 　　11. A) She is going to Finland. 　　B) She has some visitors. 　　C) She will visit Finland next week. 　　D) She has just visited him this week. 　　12. A) To cancel his trip. 　　B) To go to bed early. 　　C) To catch a later flight. 　　D) To ask for a wake up call. 　　13. A) Saturday afternoon was the man's busy hours. 　　B) The man won't be able to enjoy a nap. 　　C) Mr. Smith is an old friend of the man. 　　D) The man wanted to take a long nap after lunch. 　　14. A) George wants to change his work. 　　B) George is doing pretty good now. 　　C) George doesn't like his work. 　　D) George is not doing well with his work. 　　15. A) The woman is a dentist. 　　B) The woman is a secretary. 　　C) The woman is a receptionist. 　　D) The woman is a patient. 　　16. A) The woman knows the professor has been busy. 　　B) The woman knows the professor has run into trouble. 　　C) The woman has trouble getting along with the professor. 　　D) The woman regrets having taken up much of the professor's time. 　　17. A) At a restaurant. 　　B) In the fresh ocean air. 　　C) On a fishing boat. 　　D) In a store specializing in seashells. 　　18. A) They will buy a new house after they buy a car. 　　B) They will buy a bigger house. 　　C) They won't buy a new house because they can't find a bigger one. 　　D) They won't buy a bigger house because they don't have enough money. 　　Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 　　19. A) She hasn't been getting adequate grades. 　　B) She hasn't been attending class every day. 　　C) She has been coming to school much too early. 　　D) She has been overloading herself with homework. 　　20. A) Two. 　　B) Four. 　　C) Six. 　　D) Eight. 　　21. A) To stay in class. 　　B) To get another class. 　　C) To withdraw from class. 　　D) To miss just one more class. 　　Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 　　22. A) How to care for precious metal. 　　B) A standard unit for measuring weight. 　　C) The value of precious metals. 　　D) Using the metric system. 　　23. A) To check the accuracy of scales. 　　B) To calculate the density of other metals. 　　C) To observe changes in the atmosphere. 　　D) To measure amounts of rain fall. 　　24. A) Someone spilled water on it. 　　B) Someone lost it. 　　C) It was made of low quality metal. 　　D) The standard for measuring had changed. 　　25. A) It is a small amount to pay for so much precious metal. 　　B) It is difficult to judge the value of such an object. 　　C) It is reasonable for an object with such an important function. 　　D) It is too high for such a light weight. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 　　Passage One 　　Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. 　　26. A) At Harvard. 　　B) At West Point. 　　C) At the Carlisle Indian School. 　　D) At the Olympic Games held in Stockholm. 　　27. A) They held grand banquets in his honor. 　　B) They welcomed him with parades and celebration. 　　C) They gave him a title. 　　D) They made him a professional athlete. 　　28. A) Because someone found out that Thorpe had been using drugs. 　　B) Because Thorpe had once been an amateur athlete. 　　C) Because Thorpe's fame began to decline after the Olympic Games. 　　D) Because Thorpe had been a professional athlete at one time. 　　Passage Two 　　Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard. 　　29. A) Lord Sandwich. 　　B) Some inventors. 　　C) The friends of Lord Sandwich. 　　D) Some scientists. 　　30. A) To collect rents and taxes. 　　B) The harsh land agent. 　　C) The English landowner. 　　D) To speak. 　　31. A) He dismissed the Captain. 　　B) He made the word "boycott" popular. 　　C) He removed the poor tenants. 　　D) He increased the rents and taxes. 　　Passage Three 　　Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 　　32. A) There were only grandparents and children. 　　B) There was one father, one mother, and their children. 　　C) There were many relatives. 　　D) There were two or more brothers with their wives. 　　33. A) The women have more freedom and can share in decisions. 　　B) The women do not have to be the heads of the family. 　　C) The women's relatives do not help them. 　　D) The women have all the power of the family. 　　34. A) Husbands have to share with their wives and help them. 　　B) Older women often live alone when their husbands die. 　　C) Family structure is more patriarchal in the nuclear family. 　　D) Women have to help sisters, grandparents with housework and childcare. 　　35. A) They want to stay home and do the housework. 　　B) They do not have enough money. 　　C) They have too much work and not much free time. 　　D) They have more freedom than in the past. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times, when the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea .When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information .For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. 　　A deadly (36)_________outbreak swept through a small city in Zaire, Africa last spring, killing more than one hundred people. It was a terrible situation. The killer was a rare (37)_________ that caused most victims to (38)_________ to death. As scientists rushed to control the (39) _________, people in the U.S. wonder whether it could attack here. "We are foolish if we think it couldn't come to our country. We can never be too careful when we face some disease, especially the infectious one." say doctors. The virus can be highly infectious. If you come in (40)_________with a victim's blood or other body (41)_________, you can get sick, too. That's what scientists believe (42)_________in Zaire. The healthcare workers who treated the first (43) ________ there soon fell ill, too. (44)__________________________________. International rescue works brought equipment to Zaire soon after the outbreak occurred. (45)________________________________. One big mystery is that no one knows where the virus comes from or where it will strike next. Some scientists say that the virus lies inactive in the cells of some kind of plant, insect or other animal. Then it somehow finds a way to infect humans. (46)__________________________________. Once they find the virus, they also hope to find ways to combat it. Part II Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Directions: There are 3 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them the re are four choices marked A)，B)，C), and D). you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment. It’s easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers. Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it’s disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may been the victims of uncommonly bad luck. For example, a certain keypunch (键盘打孔) operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off (向…透露) the company that was being robbed. Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met. Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled (耍弄) the most confidential records right under the noses of the company’s executives, an accountant, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere. 21. It can be concluded from the passage that ________. A) it is still impossible to detect computer crimes today B) computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions C) computer criminals can escape punishment because they can’t be detected D) people commit computer crimes at the requ