2011届高考英语语法考前复习课件-动词及短语

nullnull五、动词及短语动词1.（2009·全国Ⅱ，15）If you leave the club,you will not be back in. A.received B.admitted C.turned D.moved 解析 由句意“如果你离开了俱乐部，就不允许 再回去了”可知应用admit，指“允许进入”。Bnull2.（2009·全国Ⅰ，32）Encourage your children to try new things,but try not to them too hard. A.draw B.strike C.rush D.push 解析 句意为：鼓励你的孩子们尝试新的东西。 但尽量不要太过分。draw拉；strike敲，打； rush冲，均不合 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 意。push向前推，符合题意。Dnull3.（2009·四川，5）—Have you ? —No.I had the wrong number. A.got in B.got away C.got off D.got through 解析 根据答句可知此处应用D项，意为“打通电 话”。A项意为“进入；收获”；B项意为“逃离”；C 项意为“下车”。Dnull4.（2009·天津，6）— Sorry,I have to now. It’s time for class.  —OK,I’ll call back later. A.hang up B.break up C.give up D.hold up 解析 hang up挂断电话；break up分解，分 裂；拆散；give up放弃；hold up支撑；耽搁。 由语境中出现的call back later可知，此处应 选择与打电话有关的短语。Anull5.（2009·天津，8）Don’t worry if you don’t understand everything.The teacher will the main points at the end. A.recover B.review C.require D.remember 解析 recover恢复；review复习，回顾； require要求，需要；remember 记得；想 起。句意为：如果你没理解所有知识的话，不用 担心。老师会在结束时把重要的知识点再回顾一 下。Bnull6.（2009·安徽，25）Just as Professor Scotti often it,success is ninety-nine percent mental attitude. A.gets B.makes C.puts D.means 解析 句意为：就像Scotti教授常说的那样，成 功是由99%的心态决定的。get获得；make制造； mean打算；意味着，均不合题意。Cnull7. （2009·安徽，33）We tried to find a table for seven,but they were all .  A.given away B.kept away C.taken up D.used up 解析 句意为：我们想要找到一个七人餐桌，但 它们都被占用了。give away泄露；分发；keep away使离开；use up用尽，均不合题意。take up占据，符合题意。Cnull8.（2009·山东，26）— Do you have enough to all your daily expenses?  —Oh yes,enough and to spare. A.cover B.spend C.fill D.offer 解析 cover在此处意为“支付；够……之用”。问 句句意为：你有足够的钱来支付日常开销吗？Anull9.（2009·山东，31）Amy joined a painting group but didn’t seem to ,so she left. A.show off B.go up C.fit in D.come over 解析 句意为：Amy参加了一个绘画班，但是好 像不适应，所以她就退出了。show off炫耀；go up上升；fit in适应；come over来访。Cnull10.（2009·江西，30）It is reported that the police will soon the case of the two missing children. A.look upon B.look after C.look into D.look out 解析 句意为：据报道警察很快将着手调查两个 孩子失踪那个案件。look into意为“调查，检 查”，符合句意。look upon意为“旁观”;look after意为“照顾，照料，管理”;look out意为 “向外看”，均不合题意。Cnull11.（2009·江苏，24）— I’m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have . — So am I.They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.  A.broken up B.finished up C.divided up D.closed up 解析 break up拆散；分开；（关系）破裂； finish up完成；吃光；杀死；毁掉；divide up瓜分；分配；close up靠近；愈合；关闭。 上句句意为：听到Sue和Paul分手了，我很惊讶。Anull12.（2009·湖北，21）Would you please the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes? A.look around B.look into C.look up D.look through 解析 look around/round环顾，四下察看； look into调查;向……里面看；look up查阅； 抬头往上看；look through快速查看，浏览。 由后面的and see if there are any obvious mistakes可知，空格处应 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示“快速看一下”。Ｄnull13. （2009·湖北，22）During the war there was a serious lack of food.It was not unusual that even the wealthy families had to bread for days. A.eat up B.give away C.do without D.deal with 解析 eat up吃光，吃完；give away捐赠；分 发；失去；泄露；do without用作及物动词短 语时，意为“没有……也行；没有……而将 就”；用作不及物动词短语时，意为“将就；凑 合着过”。如：Ｔhe store hasn’t any bread,so you’ll have to do without.这个商 店里没有面包了，你只好将就一下了。deal with处理；对付。由句中的a serious lack of food可知do without符合句意。Cnull14. （2009·湖北，23）The loss has not yet been accurately,but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars. A.calculated B.considered C.completed D.controlled 解析 calculate此处意为“计算”。句意为：损 失还没有确切地计算出来，但人们相信它将远 远超出一亿美元。consider考虑；complete完 成；结束；control控制，三者均不符合句意。Anull15.（2009·湖北，24）Some parents are just too protective.They want to their kids from every kind of danger,real or imagined. A.spot B.dismiss C.shelter D.distinguish 解析 dismiss sb.from sth.解雇某人；开除某 人；shelter sb.from sth.保护某人免受……； distinguish sb.from sb.把某人与……区别开 来；spot看见；发现，不与from连用。句意为： 有的父母保护性太强了。他们想保护自己的孩子 免受任何形式的危险的伤害，不管这种危险是真 实存在的还是想像的。real or imagined在句中 作状语。Cnull高考高频动词用法 1.可接双宾语的常用动词 （1）双宾语易位时需要借助介词to的常用动词 award(授予),bring(带来),hand(递),lend(借)，mail(邮寄)，offer(提供)，owe(欠)，pass(递)，pay(付钱)， post(寄)，read(读)，return(归还)，send(送)，sell（卖），show(展示)，teach(教)，tell(告诉)，throw(扔)，write(写) He brought me a good magazine.=He brought a good magazine to me.他给我带了一本好杂志。null （2）双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词 book(预订),buy(购买)，choose(选择)，cook(煮)，draw（画），fetch(去取)，find(找到)，fix(安装)，get(取得，带来)，make(做)，order(订购)，prepare(准备)，save(节省)，sing(唱)， spare(留出) My father bought me a new bicycle.=My father bought a new bicycle for me.爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。null 2. 可用于“动词+sb.+of sth.”的常用动词 accuse(控告)，cheat(欺骗)，cure(治愈)，inform( 通知 关于发布提成方案的通知关于xx通知关于成立公司筹建组的通知关于红头文件的使用公开通知关于计发全勤奖的通知 )，remind(提醒)，rid(摆脱)，rob(抢劫)，warn（警告） This photo reminds me of my school days. 这张照片让我想起了在学校的时光。 3. 可用于“动词+sb.+for doing sth.”的常用动词 blame(指责)，criticise(批评)，forgive(原谅)，excuse(原谅)，pardon(原谅)，punish(惩罚)，scold(指责)，thank(感谢)null Forgive me for saying so,but I think that’s nonsense. 请原谅我这么说，但我认为那是无稽之谈。 短语动词的构成 1. 动词+介词 这类短语动词相当于一个及物动词，其后必须有宾语，宾语只能放在介词后，在被动语态中，整个短语动词要作为整体对待，不可拆开或漏缺。 We must look into the matter immediately. 我们必须立即调查这个问题。null The shop was broken into by thieves last night. 昨天晚上有贼进入了这家商店。 常见的有:speak of,think about,think of,refer to,stand for,laugh at等。 2. 动词+副词 （1）及物动词+副词（宾语若是代词，则放在其中间）。 She picked it up.她把它捡了起来。 常见的这类短语动词有:work out,cut off,think over,turn on,turn down,throw away等。null （2）不及物动词+副词 相当于一个不及物动词，无被动，也不可接宾语，常见的有：break out,break down,come out,give in,look out,grow up等。 3. 动词+名词+介词 Those houses were set fire to by the enemy soldiers. 敌人放火烧了那些房子。 No fault could be found with the paper. 这张试卷上没有任何错误。null 常见的这类短语有：catch sight of (看见)，get rid of (摆脱)，make use of (利用)，make fun of (取笑)，take hold of (抓住)，take advantage of (利用)等。 4. 动词+副词+介词 相当于一个及物动词。 Please keep out of his affairs.请不要管他的事。 常见的这类短语动词有:catch up with,look down on,date back to,put up with,go in for,run out of等。null近义动词易错点 I will ask for leave to call on you tomorrow if you can me the time. A.Share B.save C.Spend D.spare null 英语中表示“花费”有许多种表达方法，不同的表达意义不同，所用的句型也可能不相同。对于该类考查易混词语辨析的题目，考生首先要弄清楚选项中每个动词的意义和用法，然后在具体的语境中确定正确的答案。【解题探究】 D。share分享；save节省；spend花费；spare匀出，抽出。句意为：如果你能够抽出时间的话，明天我请假去拜访你。故正确答案为D。null多义词易错点 The book is helpful as it many of the problems we have come across in our study. A.Covers B.refers C.Reports D.improves 一些词义比较多的动词往往也会成为高考的热点，因此对于考纲中一些意义较多的词语考生一定要引起重视，特别要注意一下它们那些不太常用的意思，防止高考考查“熟词生义”。null【解题探究】 A。一看到cover考生马上会想到“覆 盖”的意思，可是要注意它还有“包括；涉及；报道”等意思；refer常与to连用表示“谈到，提及”；report意为“报道”；improve意为“提高，改进”。由句意可知正确答案为A。 同一动词构成的短语易错点 Mrs.Black told her children to for bones when they were eating fish. A.look on B.look into C.look up D.look outnull 每年高考都有许多考查由同一动词构成的不同的动词短语，如look短语、take短语、make短语、put短语、get短语、come短语等。对于该类题目考生容易混淆其意思，因此，考生一定要知道这些短语的意思和用法，然后根据句子的意思来确定正确的答案。【解题探究】 D。look into意为“往……里面看；调查”；look up意为“抬头看；查阅”；look on意为“呈现”；look out for意为“小心……,当心……”。句意为：布朗太太告诉她的孩子们在吃鱼时要小心鱼刺。故正确答案为D。null同一介、副词构成的短语动词易错点 Don’t worry about your luggage.It has been and will be here soon. A.asked for B.looked for C.sent for D.cared for “动词+小品词（介词或副词，如up, down, for, out,into 等）”这样的短语动词也是高考考查的热点之一。把与某一介词或副词相关的短语归纳到一起，并熟记它们的意思和用法，是解答该类题目的关键。null【解题探究】 C。send for意为“请某人来（帮忙等）；让人带来（或送来）某物”；ask for意为“说要找（某人）；问到（某处）的路”；look for意为“寻找”；care for意为“照顾，照料”。句意为：不要担心你的行李，已经派人去取了，很快就会到。 短语动词在具体语境中的易错点 She gets three weeks of vacation,but has before the year is half over. A.given it out B.taken it up C.used it up D.run it outnull 考查动词短语在具体语境中的用法也是高考考查动词的热点之一。对于该类题目考生首先要弄清楚句子的意思，然后从选项中确定符合句子意思的答案，做题时还应该注意动词（短语）的及物与不及物的区别。【解题探究】 C。句意为:她有三周的假期，但是不到半年她就用光了。选项中use up和run out都有“用光”的意思。run out是不及物动词短语，use up是及物动词短语，故正确答案为C。如果D项改为run out of it也是正确答案。null 1.（2009·杭州二次质检）The students were told to their English before going abroad. A.give up B.use up C.polish up D.end up  解析 该题考查动词短语。give up放弃；use up用光；polish up提高，改善；end up结束。 由语境“学生们被告知出国前要提高英语（水 平）” 可知选C。Cnull2.（2009·杭州二次质检）If your car isn’t insured,you may losing everything when it hits something solid. A.delay B.deny C.avoid D.risk  解析 考查动词。delay耽搁；deny否认；avoid 避免；risk冒险。句意为：如果你不给你的车入 保险，那么，当你的车发生碰撞后，你可能会冒 失去一切的危险。Dnull3. （2009·杭州二次质检）After a long journey across the whole country from north to south,they found themselves as well as their clothes. A.picked out B.called out C.caught out D.worn out  解析 考查动词短语。结合语境可知D项符合题 意，wear out既可指衣服、鞋等的磨损，又可 指人的精疲力竭。Dnull4. （2009·金丽衢十二校二次联考）Little Tom, you have to your manners at your uncle’s or I won’t take you there. A.watch B.mind C.care D.notice  解析 mind your manners意为“注意你的礼貌”。Bnull5.（2009·金丽衢十二校二次联考）Take care during the holidays!Drinking too much can heart disease and cause high blood pressure. A.contribute to B.relate to C.attend to D.devote to  解析 考查动词短语。contribute to有助于， 对……起作用；导致，引起；relate to有关， 涉及；attend to专心，注意，照顾；devote to 把……献给，为……付出（时间、精力等）。句 意为：过度饮酒可能引起心脏病和高血压。Anull6.（2009·济南二次统考）With proper measures, the economy in China is beginning to again. A.rise up B.hold on C.pick up D.take on  解析 考查动词词组辨析。句意为：随着正确措施的 实施，中国的经济开始好转。pick up此处意为“好 转，改善”。Cnull7. （2009·潍坊市二次质检）The couple last year.They had lived together for twenty years,though. A.broke out B.broke away C.broke up D.broke down  解析 考查动词短语。句意为：这对夫妻去年离 婚了，尽管他们一起生活了二十年。break up结 束；解散;break down毁掉，垮掉；break out爆 发；break away脱离。Cnull8.（2009·潍坊市二次质检）— So Helen,are we going for that Chinese meal you promised me?  — Well,I forgot to ,so we’ll have to do French.  A.consult B.order C.reserve D.confirm 解析 考查动词。句意为：我忘了预定了，我们 去吃法国菜吧。reserve预定（房间、座位等）； consult商量，商议；order命令；定购；confirm 确定；批准。Cnull9.（2009·潍坊市一次质检）After a successful operation,Catherine is beginning to and will soon come back to school. A.pick up B.wake up C.grow up D.show up  解析 考查动词短语。句意为：在一个成功的手 术后，Catherine开始恢复健康，不久就要重返学 校。pick up改善，好转；wake up醒来；grow up 长大；show up露面。Anull10.（2009·潍坊市一次质检）Jordan’s performance his teammates and they finally beat the other team. A.signaled B.promoted C.opposed D.inspired  解析 考查动词。句意为：乔丹的表现激励了 他的队友们，他们最终击败了对手。inspire鼓 舞，激起；signal发信号；oppose反对； promote晋升。Dnull11.（2009·青岛市二次质检）This kind of desk can be to the height you need. Besides,it is not expensive at all. A.adopted B.adjusted C.addicted D.adapted  解析 考查动词辨析。句意为：这种桌子可以根 据你需要的高度而调整，而且一点也不贵。根据 句意，应选B项。Bnull12.（2009·青岛市二次质检）My mother a bed in the sitting room for my cousins from the countryside. A.brought up B.took up C.made up D.put up  解析 考查词组辨析。句意为：母亲在起居室 为从乡下来的我的堂兄们准备好了床铺。根据 语意应选C项。Cnull13.（2009·青岛市一次质检）The good service at the hotel the poor food to some degree. A.got rid of B.got on with C.made up for D.made up of  解析 考查动词短语。句意为：这家饭店的良好 的服务在一定程度上弥补了饭菜不好的不足。 make up for弥补；get rid of除去，摆脱；get on with继续做；make up组成。Cnull14.（2009·日照市二次调研）— Why was Professor Liu thundering in the classroom yesterday? — A student’s interrupting his speech the burst of his anger. A.set up B.set out C.set about D.set off  解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意为：一个学生打 断了他的话，这使他大发雷霆。set up建立，创 立；set out出发，开始；set about开始做（某 事）；set off引起；启程。选项D符合题意。Dnull15.（2009·日照市二次调研）—Call me at 9∶00.I can’t afford to miss such a conference.  —Don’t worry,sir.You’ll surely be . A.reminded B.warned C.informed D.remembered  解析 考查动词辨析。remind提醒，使想起； warn警告，告诫；inform告诉，通知； remember记住，牢记。选项A符合题意。Anull16.（2008·烟台二次模拟）The Korean TV show, Rang-rang 18 , young female Chinese audiences. A.fills out B.puts aside C.corresponds to D.caters to  解析 考查动词词组的辨析。cater to表示“迎 合，投合”，即这部韩剧迎合了中国年轻女性观 众（的口味）。fill out表示“填写”;put aside 表示“将……放在一边”；correspond to表示 “与……相符”。Dnull17.（2008·烟台二次模拟）The spacewalk performed by Chinese astronaut Zhai Zhigang a major breakthrough in China’s space program. A.predicts B.tells C.marks D.declares  解析 考查动词在具体语境中的词义辨析。 predict意思是“预言，预报”；tell意思 是“讲述，告诉”；mark意思是“标志着”； declare意思是“断言，宣称”。根据句意可知C项 正确。Cnull18.（2008·济南市高三模拟）— I still haven’t received my passport.  —When did you ? A.acquire B.apply C.assess D.suspect  解析 考查动词辨析。根据题意可知，B项符合 语境。句意为：你是什么时候申请（护照）的？Bnull19.（2008·济南市高三模拟）Last Sunday a few of us arranged to meet in town,but Jenny didn’t . A.turn up B.give up C.make up D.take up  解析 考查动词词组辨析。turn up意思是“出 现；露面”，符合题意。句意为：上周日我们几 个约好了在镇上见面，可是Jenny没有露面。Anull20.（2008·烟台高三模块检测）He made too many mistakes in the exam.To it another way,he failed to pass the examination. A.put B.place C.set D.speak  解析 考查动词。这里“to put it another way” 是一个固定词组，表示“换句话说，用另一种方式 说”。Anull Ⅰ.单项填空 （2009·烟台高三模块检测）After staying in hospital for long,the patient was advised to go to the seaside to his health. A.take up B.pick up C.carry up D.make up  解析 考查动词词组辨析。句意为：在住院很长 时间后，医生建议病人到海边去恢复健康。pick up有“恢复（健康等）”的意思，所以这里选B。Bnull2.（2009·淄博市高三质检）An award was to Professor Li Zhensheng for his great achievements. A.shown B.presented C.offered D.praised 解析 考查动词。present an award颁奖。Bnull3.（2009·淄博市高三质检）I’m very lucky because I have so many friends to in case of trouble. A.deal with B.depend on C.hold up D.look up  解析 考查动词短语。to depend on在句中作后置 定语，修饰friends,表示“有那么多可以依赖的朋 友”。deal with处理，对付；hold up举起；阻碍； look up查阅；抬头看。Bnull4.（2009·山东命题专家原创卷（一））The best method to this goal is to unite as many people as possible. A.undertake B.conduct C.perform D.accomplish  解析 考查动词。句意为：实现这个目标的最好 的方法是团结尽可能多的人。undertake担任，着 手；conduct带领；管理；perform执行；表演； accomplish完成，实现，显然答案为D项。Dnull5.（2009·山东命题专家原创卷（一））—Hi,Carl. We’re going for a picnic.Would you like to ? —Great!Let’s go. A.come on B.come up C.come about D.come along 解析 考查动词短语。come along跟随，跟着 来，符合语境“你愿意和我们一块去吗？”。故D项 为正确答案。come on快点；振作起来；come up 走近；发生；come about发生；改变方向。Dnull6.（2009·山东命题专家原创卷（二））China’s biggest mobile operator,China Mobile,was a license for TD-SCDMA,the domestically-developed 3G standard. A.awarded B.presented C.rewarded D.permitted 解析 考查动词辨析。 award表示“颁发”（奖品、 许可证等），一般搭配是award sb.sth.,“授予某 人某物”，因此用award符合题意。Anull7.（2009·山东命题专家原创卷（二））While mini-books have become a big business,there are few people who would know that the origin of these books the 15th century. A.dated back to B.expected to C.devoted to D.associated with  解析 考查动词短语辨析。date back to追溯 到……。根据句子意思“现在迷你书已经风行市 场，但却少有人知道这些书的历史竟可以追溯到 15世纪。”可知选A。associate with表示 “与……有联系”，不符合语境。Anull8. （2009·福建质检）— If you don’t bring a birthday present to Lucy,you may . — Thank you for reminding me.Surely I’ll buy her one this evening.  A.leave her alone B.let her down C.hold her back D.cheer her up  解析 考查动词短语。let sb.down意思是“让某 人失望”。句意为：如果你不给Lucy带生日礼 物，你可能会让她失望的。leave sb.alone不理 某人；hold sb.back阻止某人；cheer sb.up使 某人振奋。Bnull9. （2009·沈阳二次质检）To deal with the global financial crisis,China has a string of forceful measures over the past months. A.worked out B.found out C.turned out D.made out 解析 考查动词词组辨析。句意为：为了应对全 球性金融危机，中国在过去几个月中已经制订出 一系列有力的措施。work out表示“制订 出，拟定”；find out表示“找出”；turn out表示 “证明是”；make out表示“起草；辨认出”。A项符 合语境。Anull10. （2009·苏锡常镇四市调查（二））You needn’t add any explanation here because the meaning of that word will be very clearly in the next paragraph. A.picked out B.brought out C.brought up D.looked up  解析 考查动词短语。根据句意可知，不用添 加解释的原因是在下文中这个词的含义会被讲 得很清楚。bring out阐明，符合题意。pick out挑出来;bring up提出，抚养；look up抬头 看；查阅。Bnull11.（2009·泰安高考模拟）The novel “The Da Vinci Code” a great success and was translated into 44 languages in 2004. A.appreciated B.enjoyed C.won D.seized  解析 句意为：《达芬奇密码》这本书享有巨 大的成功并在2004年被译成了44种语言。Enjoy 享受，享有（利益、权利、声誉等）。Bnull12.（2009·江苏常州模拟）— Sara,will you go on the outing with us tomorrow? —Sorry,I wanted to,but my money has almost . A.run out B.used up C.finished D.spent  解析 run out和use up都有“花光，用完”之 意，但前者是不及物动词，后者是及物动词， 所以若选B项应为been used up。Anull13.（2009·济宁复习检测）It is easy to my car from others in the parking place;it has an advertisement for Panasonic TV on the back of it. A.make up B.find out C.pick up D.pick out  解析 make up弥补；整理；编造；构成；化 妆；find out查明（真相、信息等）；pick up捡 起；接人；学到（知识），获得；（身体、天气 等）好转；pick out 挑选出，辨认出。Dnull14.（2009·厦门模拟）Our son doesn’t know what to at the university;he can’t make up his mind about his future. A.take in B.take up C.take over D.take after  解析 take in接受；吸收；理解；欺骗；take up从事；参加；占据；继续；take over接管； take after（面貌、言行等）像……。根据句意 选B。Bnull15.（2009·皖南八校模拟）Julie is one of the women who always the latest fashions. A.make up for B.get along with C.keep up with D.put up with  解析 make up for弥补，补偿；get along with和……相处/……进展（得怎样）；keep up with跟上；put up with 忍受。Cnull16. （2009·湖南师大附中）Both teams are in good form,which should a great game. A.make up B.make out C.make off D.make for  解析 make up弥补；整理；编造；构成；化 妆；make out拼凑；填写；设法应付；辨认 出；理解；make off匆匆离开，逃走；make for向……前进；有利于，倾向于。Dnull17.（2009·江苏重点中学模拟）Asia is important to America because America’s prosperity trade with Asia’s growing economies. A.depends on B.takes off C.sets up D.breaks out  解析 depend on依靠，依赖；take off脱下； 取消；（飞机）起飞，（事业）腾飞；set up 建立，架起；创（纪录）；提出；break out(战争、火灾等)突然爆发。Anull18.（2009·东城区模拟）— Not getting that job is a big let-down. —Don’t worry.Something better will . A.come along B.take on C.go by D.fall behind  解析 come along发生；进步；随之而来；take on呈现；雇用；承担，接纳；流行；go by顺便 走访；从旁边经过；fall behind落后。Anull19.（2009·大连统一检测）She to have lunch with her friends,saying that sh