hastelloy C22

A most versatile nickel- chromium-molybdenum-tungsten alloy available today with improved resistance to both uniform and localized corrosion as well as to a variety of mixed industrial chemicals. The C-22 alloy exhibits superior weldability and is used as overalloy filler wire and weld overlay consumables to improve resistance to corrosion. H-2019F Contents Principal Features 3 Laboratory Corrosion Tests 4 Field Evaluation 5 Typical Applications 6 Aqueous Corrosion Data 8 Resistance to Localized Attack 10 Thermal Stability 11 Isocorrosion Curves 12 Physical Properties 13 Hardness and Impact Strength 14 Tensile Data 15 Fabrication 16 Welding 18 Machining 21 Availability 22 Sales Office Addresses 24 HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy CORROSION-RESISTANT ALLOYS p60828 Stamp © 2002 by Haynes International, Inc. About Haynes International, Inc. Haynes International, Inc., was founded in 1912 by Elwood Haynes, an inventor of some of the first cobalt-based alloys. The company has relied on a strong technology base ever since. HASTELLOY® alloys are known throughout the chemical process industry as the premier corrosion resistant materials. HAYNES® high-temperature alloys are equally well known in the aerospace field for their unique heat-resistance qualities. Both of these groups of alloys were developed and perfected in Kokomo, Indiana. Haynes International is stocked to respond immediately to virtually any high performance alloy requirement. The com- pany’s technical backup and applications knowledge are unsurpassed. HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy Excels in Pitting Resistance HASTELLOY® C-4 alloy Samples were subjected to a solution of 11.5% H2S04, 1.2% HCI, 1% FeCl3 AND 1% CuCl2. Solutions for coupons 625 and C-4 were at 102°C, while C-276 and C-22 were at 125°C. HASTELLOY C-22 alloy HASTELLOY C-276 alloy HAYNES® 625 alloy HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy 2 Outstanding Corrosion Resistance HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy is a versatile nickel-chromium- molybdenum-tungsten alloy with better overall corrosion resistance than other Ni-Cr-Mo alloys available today, including HASTELLOY C-276 and C-4 alloys and alloy 625. C-22 alloy has outstanding resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking. It has excellent resistance to oxidizing aqueous media including wet chlorine and mixtures containing nitric acid or oxidizing acids with chloride ions. Also, C-22 alloy offers optimum resistance to environments where reducing and oxidizing conditions are encountered in process streams. Because of such versatility it can be used where “upset” conditions are likely to occur or in multi-purpose plants. C-22 alloy has exceptional resistance to a wide variety of chemical process environments, including strong oxidizers such as ferric and cupric chlorides, chlorine, hot contaminated solutions (organic and inorganic), formic and acetic acids, acetic anhydride, and seawater and brine solutions. C-22 alloy resists the formation of grain-boundary precipitates in the weld heat-affected zone, thus making it suitable for most chemical process applications in the as-welded condition. Product Forms C-22 alloy is available in most common product forms: plate, sheet, strip, billet, bar, wire, covered electrodes, pipe, and tubing. Wrought forms of this alloy are furnished in the solution heat- treated condition unless otherwise specified. Applications Some of the areas of use for C-22 alloy are: • Acetic Acid/Acetic Anhydride • Acid Etching • Cellophane Manufacturing • Chlorination Systems • Complex Acid Mixtures • Electro-Galvanizing Rolls • Expansion Bellows • Flue Gas Scrubber Systems • Geothermal Wells • HF Furnace Scrubbers • Incineration Scrubber Systems • Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing • Pesticide Production • Phosphoric Acid Production • Pickling Systems • Plate Heat Exchangers • Selective Leaching Systems • SO2 Cooling Towers • Sulfonation Systems • Tubular Heat Exchangers • Weld Overlay-Valves Field Test Program Samples of C-22 alloy are readily available for laboratory or inplant corrosion testing. Analysis of corrosion resistance of the tested material can also be performed and the results provided to the customer as a free technical service. Test C-22 alloy and compare. Contact any of the convenient locations shown on the back cover of this brochure for test coupons and information. Specifications HASTELLOY C-22 alloy is covered by ASME Section VIII, Division I. Plate, sheet, strip, bar, tubing, and pipe are covered by ASME specifications SB-574, SB-575, SB-619, SB-622 and SB-626 and by ASTM specifica- tions B-574, B-575, B-619, B-622, and B-626. DIN specification is 17744 No. 2.4602 (all forms), TUV Werkstoffblatt 479 (all forms). C-22 alloy falls within the range of UNS number N06022 but has a more restricted composition for improved performance. These improvements are of such significance that it has been widely patented throughout the world. Material Safety Data Sheets For information concerning material safety data, ask for Material Safety Data Sheets H2071 and H1072. PRINCIPAL FEATURES 3 HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy Nominal Chemical Composition, Weight Percent Ni Co Cr Mo W Fe Si Mn C V 56a 2.5** 22 13 3 3 0.08** 0.50** 0.010** 0.35** * The undiluted deposited chemical composition of C-22 alloy covered electrodes has 0.02% carbon and 0.2% Si. ** Maximum a As balance HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy 4 � �� �� �� �� �� �� �� � � ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� ��� � � � �� �� �� �� �� �� �� ���������� ������� ����� ��� ������� ����� ��� � �!� ��� �� �� !� ��� "#�� ���� �$#�� ���"��� ������� ��� "#�� ��%����� �� ������� ���� �$#�� ������� ���� �$#�� ���!� ��� �$#�� ��%������ �� ������� ���� �$#�� ��%� �����������& �� !� ���� �$#�� ��%� ����� ��� �����������' ����%��� ������� ���������� ��� ������ ��������� �������� Laboratory Corrosion Tests Demonstrate Superiority of HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy Field Evaluations Exhibits Excellent Corrosion Protection Reactor Vessel 10-15% Sulfuric Acid + Solids/Impurities 212°F (100°C) — 12 Months Corrosion Rate (mpy) Remarks 316L Stainless Steel >61 Sample Dissolved Carpenter 20Cb-3® alloy >57 Sample Dissolved Alloy 825 >58 Sample Dissolved HASTELLOY® B-2 alloy >58 Sample Dissolved HAYNES® 625 alloy 29 Severe Corrosion Attack HASTELLOY C-276 alloy 28 Severe Corrosion Attack HASTELLOY C-22® alloy 4.7 Slight Corrosion Attack Pulverized Coal Fired Unit 4.8% Sulfur Outlet Duct 129°F (54°C) — 27 Months Depth of Attack Pitting Crevice (in.) (in.) 316L Stainless Steel 0.011 0.015 Alloy 904L 0.010 0.005 Jessop JS700® alloy 0.010 0.011 HAYNES 625 alloy No Attack 0.005 HASTELLOY C276 alloy No Attack 0.007 HASTELLOY C-22 alloy No Attack 0.002 Coke Refinery Vaporizer 203°F (95°C) — 2 Months Corrosion Rate (mpy) Remarks 316L Stainless Steel 139 Severe Crevice Attack Carpenter 20Cb-3® alloy 227 Partially Dissolved Avesta 254 SMO® alloy 83 Pitting, Crevice Attack Allegheny AL-6XN® alloy 60 Pitting, Crevice Attack HAYNES 625 alloy 29 Pitting, Crevice Attack HASTELLOY C-22 alloy 3.4 Slight Crevice Attack Rotary Kiln Industrial Organic Quench Duct 300°F (149°C) — 4 Months Corrosion Rate (mpy) Remarks Carbon Steel >353 Sample Dissolved 316L Stainless Steel >160 Sample Dissolved Avesta 254 SMO alloy 83 Severe Pitting Attack HAYNES 625 alloy 64 Moderate Pitting Attack HASTELLOY C-276 alloy 53 Moderate Pitting Attack HASTELLOY C-22 alloy 27 Slight Pitting Attack Ammonium Sulfite-Type Mill C-Stage Washer 75°F (24°C) — 8 Months Depth of Attack Pitting Crevice (in.) (in.) 316L Stainless Steel 0.030 0.045 Alloy 904L 0.023 0.029 Avesta 254 SMO alloy 0.015 No Attack HAYNES 625 alloy 0.005 No Attack HASTELLOY C-22 alloy 0.002 No Attack Ammonia Stripping Process Waste Water 160°F (71°C) — 3 Months Depth of Attack Pitting Crevice (in.) (in.) Carbon Steel 0.040 0.050 316L Stainless Steel 0.005 0.005 Allegheny AL-6XN alloy 0.005 No Attack HAYNES 625 alloy 0.004 No Attack HASTELLOY C-22 alloy No Attack No Attack Chemical Processing Industry Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Refinery Industry Chemical Waste Incineration Pulp and Paper Industry Chemical Waste Incineration 5 HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy 6 This large fabrication of HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy is shown here being readied for shipment to a papermill in the southeast. C-22 alloy was selected for this application after extensive testing in the actual bleach washer environment. It has already given over 10 years of service with no corrosive attack. Twenty different materials were tested for this hydrofluoric acid prescrubber after the original material failed. C-22 alloy had four times better corrosion resis- tance than the original material and 20 percent better than the next candidate. The process involves 20 percent HF, 64 per- cent H2SO4 and 16 percent water at 150 to 200°F. Solid rocket propellant effluents and salt air caused pitting and crevice corrosion attack of stainless steel. C-22 alloy was selected over 19 different alloys for the clamshell bellows after extensive testing. The bellows have been in service for more than 12 years. Sleeved electrogalvanizing finish- ing rolls made of HASTELLOY C-22 alloy are ready for place- ment in a steel finishing manufacturing line. C-22 alloy helps reduce defects on the rolls which is necessary to produce defect free galvanized steel for the automotive industry. TYPICAL APPLICATIONS 7 HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy The largest fabrication of HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy known to-date is shown here being thin- sheet lined for exposure in a utility flue-gas desulfurization plant. C-22 sheet is still providing excellent service after 10 years. Acid pump, fortified with a C-22 alloy sleeve, is still providing excellent service after 9 years in a continuous stainless steel pickling operation. The acid consists of 2 percent hydrofluoric acid, 20 percent hydrochloric acid, and as much as 40 gm/liter of iron, at 170°F. Conditions were so severe in C-stage bleaching operations at one mill that even C-276 alloy welds were suspect. As a preventive maintenance measure, 3 mm was ground off each weld and replaced with a weld deposit of C-22 alloy. This photo, taken 18 months later, shows the welds virtually unaffected. At this printing, it is still in service after 7 years. C-22 alloy was selected to replace a FRP fan because of its durability and corrosion resis- tance. This fan will handle the incineration of radioactive and hazardous wastes. Typical Applications (continued) Concentration Test Temperature Average Corrosion Rate Per Year, mils** Media Weight Percent °F (°C) C-22® alloy C-276 alloy C-4 alloy 625 alloy Acetic Acid 99 Boiling Nil <1 Nil <1 Ferric Chloride 10 Boiling 1 2 140 7325 Formic Acid 88 Boiling <1 1 2 9 Hydrochloric Acid 1 Boiling 3 13 25 1 1.5 Boiling 14 32 64 353 2 194 (90) Nil 1 31 Nil 2 Boiling 61 51 82 557 2.5 194 (90) <1 12 34 72 2.5 Boiling 141 85 44 605 10 Boiling 400 288 228 642 Hydrochloric Acid 1 200 (93) 2 41 - 238 + 42 g/l Fe2(SO4)3 5 150 (66) 2 5 3 2 Hydrochloric Acid 5 158 (70) 59 26 34 123 + 2% HF Hydrofluoric Acid 2 158 (70) 9 9 17 20 5 158 (70) 14 10 15 16 P2O5 (Commercial 38 185 (85) 2 9 - 1 Grade) 44 240 (116) 21 100 - 23 52 240 (116) 11 33 - 12 P2O5 + 38 185 (85) 1 12 - 2 2000 ppm Cl P2O5 + 38 185 (85) 7 45 - 9 0.5% HF Nitric Acid 10 Boiling <1 7 7 <1 65 Boiling 134 888 217 21 Nitric Acid + 5 140 (60) 67 207 204 73 6% HF Nitric Acid + 5 Boiling 12 64 97 713 25% H2SO4 + 4% NaCl Nitric Acid + 5 Boiling <1 8 11 1 1% HCl Nitric Acid + 5 Boiling 2 21 26 <1 2.5% HCl Nitric Acid + 8.8 126 (52) 4 33 114 >10,000 15.8% HCl HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy 8 *Average of 4-10 tests. **To convert mils per year (mpy) to mm per year, divide by 40. COMPARATIVE AQUEOUS CORROSION DATA* Concentration Test Temperature Average Corrosion Rate Per Year, mils** Media Weight Percent °F (°C) C-22® alloy C-276 alloy C-4 alloy 625 alloy Sulfuric Acid 2 150 (66) Nil <1 Nil Nil 2 Boiling 5 6 6 6 5 174 (79) <1 1 1 <1 5 Boiling 9 12 16 16 10 Boiling 12 19 25 37 20 150 (66) <1 <1 <1 <1 20 174 (79) 1 3 2 13 20 Boiling 33 39 36 91 30 150 (66) <1 1 <1 <1 30 174 (79) 3 4 3 27 30 Boiling 64 55 73 227 40 100 (38) <1 <1 <1 <1 40 150 (66) <1 1 9 1 40 174 (79) 9 10 15 35 50 100 (38) <1 Nil <1 1 50 150 (66) 1 4 13 25 50 174 (79) 16 12 25 58 60 100 (38) <1 <1 1 <1 70 100 (38) Nil Nil 2 <1 80 100 (38) Nil <1 <1 <1 Sulfuric Acid + 5 Boiling 26 33 49 151 0.1% HCl Sulfuric Acid + 5 Boiling 61 49 91 434 0.5% HCl Sulfuric Acid + 10 158 (70) <1 11 24 121 1% HCl Sulfuric Acid + 10 194 (90) 94 45 66 326 1% HCl Sulfuric Acid + 10 Boiling 225 116 192 869 1% HCl Sulfuric Acid + 10 Boiling 29 22 26 55 2% HF Sulfuric Acid + 25 158 (70) 11 12 37 110 200 ppm Cl- Sulfuric Acid + 25 Boiling 215 186 182 325 200 ppm Cl- Sulfuric Acid + 11.5 Boiling 3 42 837 1815 1.2% HCl + 1% FeCl3 + 1% CuCl2 Sulfuric Acid + 23 Boiling 8 55 2155 2721 1.2% HCl + 1% FeCl3 + 1% CuCl2 (ASTMG28B) Sulfuric Acid + 50 Boiling 40 250 143 23 42 g/l Fe2(SO4)3 (ASTMG28A) 9 HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy *Average of 4-10 tests. **To convert mils per year (mpy) to mm per year, divide by 40. Comparative Aqueous Corrosion Data* (continued) Test Temperature, Test Temperature, Hardness, Condition 400°F (204°C) 450°F (232°C) Rockwell Mill Annealed No cracks No cracks RB 90 20% Cold Worked No cracks No cracks RC 33 50% Cold Worked No cracks No cracks RC 43 HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy 10 The chemical composition of the solution used in this test is as follows: 4 percent NaCl + 0.1 percent Fe2(SO4)3+0.01 M HCl. This solution contains 24,300 ppm chlorides and is acidic (pH2). In both pitting and crevice- corrosion testing, the solution temperature was varied in 5 deg. C increments to deter- mine the lowest temperature at which pitting corrosion initiated (observed by examination at a magnification of 40X) after a 24-hour exposure period (Critical Pitting Temperature), and the lowest temperature at which crevice corrosion initiated in a 100-hour exposure period (Critical Crevice-Corrosion Temperature). HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy >150 >302 102 212 (Boiling) HASTELLOY C-276 alloy 150 302 80 176 HASTELLOY C-4 alloy 140 284 50 122 HAYNES® 625 alloy 90 194 50 122 HASTELLOY G-30® alloy 70 158 40 104 Allegheny AL-6XN® alloy 70 158 45 113 Avesta 254 SMO® alloy 60 140 40 104 FERRALIUM® alloy 255 50 122 35 95 Alloy 904L 45 113 20 68 Type 317LM Stainless Steel 35 95 15 59 Alloy 825 25 77 <5 <23 Carpenter 20Cb-3® alloy 25 68 <5 <23 Type 316 Stainless Steel 20 68 <5 <23 Alloy Critical Pitting Temperature °C °F Critical Crevice-Corrosion Temperature °C °F The chemical composition of the solution used in this test is as follows: 11.5 percent H2SO4+ 1.2 percent HCl+1 percent FeCl3+1 percent CuCl2. This test environment is a severely oxidiz- ing acid solution which is used to evaluate the resistance of alloys to localized corrosion. It is considerably more aggressive than the oxidizing NaCl-HCl test. Experiments were performed in increments of solution temperature of 5 deg. C for a 24-hour exposure period to determine the critical pitting temperature, i.e. the lowest temperature at which pitting corrosion initiated (observed at a magnification of 40X). HASTELLOY C-22 alloy 120 248 HASTELLOY C-276 alloy 110 230 HASTELLOY C-4 alloy 90 194 HAYNES 625 alloy 75 167 Alloy Critical Pitting Temperature °C °F Comparative Immersion Critical Pitting and Critical Crevice-Corrosion Temperatures in Oxidizing NaCl-HCl Solution Comparative Critical Pitting Temperatures in Oxidizing H2SO4-HCl Solution Stress-Corrosion Cracking Data in 20.4 Percent Magnesium Chloride for 1 Week 11 HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy A practical concern related to an alloy’s susceptibility to inter- granular corrosion is the heat-affected zone of weldments. Welded test coupons of C-276 and C-22® alloys were exposed to an oxidizing sulfuric acid process solution.* C-276 alloy suffered unusually severe base metal, weld metal, and heat- affected zone attack in this par- ticular environment. In fact only one-third of the coupon thick- ness in the heat-affected zone survived the corrosion test. C-276 alloy is seldom attacked to this degree in other media. There was minimal corrosion attack on the C-22 alloy sample. *11% H2SO4+3.9% Fe2(SO4)3 + other chemicals at 302°F (150°C) and overpressurized with 02. Corrosion-Resistant Weld Filler Metal Many corrosion failures are associated with welds. Reliable, cost effective and practical solutions to corrosion weld problems involve the use of HASTELLOY C-22 filler metal. Tests were conducted at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, in a simulated incinerator off-gas scrub solution for 39 days. Alloy 625 suffered severe base metal and weld metal attack in this particular environment. Moderate attack of the base metal was observed on AL-6XN alloy. C-22 alloy exhibited no corrosion attack of the weld metal and base metal. AL-6XN 625 112 AL-6XN C-22 72 Alloy 3M NaCl+0.1M FeCl3+0.1M NaF 167°F (75°C), pH = 1 Base Metal Filler Weld Corrosion Rate (mpy) AL-6XN base 625 weld AL-6XN base C-22 weld 625 625 100 625 C-22 94 C-22 C-22 0.17 Alloy 3M NaCl+0.1M FeCl3+0.1M NaF 167°F (75°C), pH = 1 Base Metal Filler Weld Corrosion Rate (mpy) 625 base 625 weld C-22 base C-22 weld 625 base C-22 weld THERMAL STABILITY HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy 12 The isocorrosion diagrams shown on this page were plotted using data obtained in laboratory tests in reagent grade acids. These data should be used only as a guide. It is recommended that samples be tested under actual plant conditions. *All test specimens were heat-treated at 2050°F (1121°C), rapid quenched and in the unwelded condition. ��� ��� ��� (� � �� � �% � ��! � ������������������������ � �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� ����� )����* ������ )����* +�������,������% -� �� ������ ���������� ���.������ �������/��� ���0��� �������1���.��,� 0��� ��� (� � �� � �% � ��! � ������������������������������ � �� �� �� �� �� �� ������ )���* ������� )���* +�������,������% -� �� ������ ���������� ���.������ �������/��� ���0��� �������1���.��,� 0��� ��� ��� (� � �� � �% � ��! � ��� ������ )����* ����� )����* ����� )����* ��� ���( �� �� � �% � ��! � �������������������������� � �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� ��� ������ )���* ������� )���* +�������,������% -� �� ������ ���������� ���.������ �������/��� ���0��� �������1���.��,� 0��� ��� � ��� (� � �� � �% � ��! � ��� ������ )����*�����)����* � ��� ��� ��� ��� (� � �� � �% � ��! � ���������������������������� � �� �� �� �� �� �� �� �� ��� ����� )����* ������ )����* +�������,������% -� �� ������ ���������� ���.������ �������/��� ���0��� �������1���.��,� 0��� ��� ��� � ��� ��������2�0� ������ ��������������� (� � �� � �% � ��! � ISOCORROSION DIAGRAMS* 13 HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy Electrical Resistivity 75 44.8 microhm-in. 24 1.14 microhm-m 212 48.3 microhm-in. 100 1.23 microhm-m 392 48.7 microhm-in. 200 1.24 microhm-m 572 49.3 microhm-in. 300 1.25 microhm-m 752 49.6 microhm-in. 400 1.26 microhm-m 932 49.9 microhm-in. 500 1.27 microhm-m 1112 50.2 microhm-in. 600 1.28 microhm-m Physical Property Temp., °F British Units Temp., °C Metric Units Density 75 0.314 lb/in.3 24 8.69 g/cm.3 Melting Temperature Range 2475-2550 1357-1399 Mean Coefficient of 75-200 6.9 microinches/in.-°F 24-93 12.4 x 10-6 m/m-K Thermal Expansion 75-400 6.9 microinches/in.-°F 24-204 12.4 x 10-6 m/m-K 75-600 7.0 microinches/in.-°F 24-316 12.6 x 10-6 m/m-K 75-800 7.4 microinches/in.-°F 24-427 13.3 x 10-6 m/m-K 75-1000 7.7 microinches/in.-°F 24-538 13.9 x 10-6 m/m-K 75-1200 8.1 microinches/in.-°F 24-649 14.6 x 10-6 m/m-K 75-1400 8.5 microinches/in.-°F 24-760 15.3 x 10-6 m/m-K 75-1600 8.8 microinches/in.-°F 24-871 15.8 x 10-6 m/m-K 75-1800 9.0 microinches/in.-°F 24-982 16.2 x 10-6 m/m-K Thermal Diffusivity 70 0.004 in.2/sec. 21 2.7 x 10-6 m2/s 212 0.005 in.2/sec. 100