【英语词根词缀】

Word-Forming Units of Latin, French, Greek & English Origin 英语词根词缀 说明：* 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示重要；在重音模式标注中，一个“-”代表一个音节。 1.​ *a- [Latin] 1) see ab- [Greek] 2) not, without [an- before a vowel]: amoral, anarchy, acentric, asocial, apolitical, anarchism [English] 3) at, on, in, intensive: aback, afloat, abed, ablaze, aloud, asleep, abreast 2.​ *ab- away [a- before m, p, v; abs- before c, t]: abdicate, abduct, abjure, abominable, avert, abstract, absorb, abnormal, abuse, abaxial 3.​ *–ability n. of adj. ending in –able: stability, changeability, adaptability（重音a’bility） 4.​ *–able [often -ible after t, s]1) that can ~: perishable, changeable, adaptable 2) that can be ~ed: provable, expendable, readable, irresistible 3) full of ~: knowledgeable 4) [added to stems]: capable, probable（通常不影响重音，但’reconcile→irrecon’cilable） 5.​ *-ably adv. of adj. ending in –able: peaceably, comfortably, suitably (通常不影响重音) 6.​ *ac- see ad- 7.​ *–ac 1) characteristic of: elegiac, demoniac 2) of, relating to: cardiac 3) affected by, having: maniac (both adj. and n.) （重音’- - ac） 8.​ –acal =-ac adj. maniacal （重音’- acal） 9.​ acantho- thorn [acanth- before a vowel]: acanthoid 10.​ –acea用于动物纲名、目名: Crustacea（重音’acea） 11.​ –acean 1) adj. of words ending in –acea or –acea (=aceous) 2) a member of the stated category: Crustacean（重音’acean） 12.​ –aceae 用于植物科名: Pinaceae （重音’aceae） 13.​ –aceous 1) adj. of words ending in –acea or –acea: Crustaceous 2) adj. [added to stems]: curvaceous, herbaceous （重音’aceous） 14.​ –acerb- bitter, violent: acerbic, acerbity, exacerbate 15.​ aceto- 醋酸 [acet- before a vowel]: acetic, acetate 16.​ *–acious adj. characterized by, inclined to, full of: tenacious, fallacious, rapacious, sagacious, veracious （重音’acious） 17.​ *–acity n. of words ending in –acious: tenacity, sagacity, rapacity, veracity (重音’acity)  18.​ *–acle n. thing: spectacle, obstacle, manacle, tentacle, pentacle (不影响重音) 19.​ acou- listen: acoustic, acouophone 20.​ acri- sour, sharp: acrimonious, acrimony 21.​ *acro- 1) pointed: acrocephaly 2) topmost: acronym, acrobat, acrophobia 22.​ actino- of rays: actinotherapy, actinogram 23.​ acu-, acut- sharp: acute, acupuncture, acumen 24.​ *–acy n. [esp. of adj. ending in –ate] quality, position, condition: accuracy, obstinacy, determinacy, privacy, intimacy (不影响重音) 25.​ *ad- motion towards, addition to, nearness to, intensive [ab- before b]: abbreviate [ac- before c, k, qu]: acquit, accept, accustom, account, accredit, accompany [af- before f]: afforest, affright, affix, affirm [ag- before g]: aggravate, aggression, aggrandize [al- before l]: alleviate, allude [an- before n]: annotate, annex, announce [ap- before p]: appoint, appropriate, appraise, appease [ar- before r]: arrest, arrive, arrange, arrear [as- before s]: assess, assault, assimilate, assure, associate [at-before t]: attire, attest, attune, attract [a- before sc, sp, st]: ascend, aspire, astringent [ad- before h, j, m, v] admonish, adhere, adjacent, advertise, adjust, admixture, adventure 26.​ –ad [Greek] 1) the name of certain collective numerals: dyad, monad 2) the title of any of certain poems: Iliad 3) any of certain plants: cycad [Latin] 4) adv. towards, in the direction of: caudad (不影响重音) 27.​ *–ade 1) the act of ~ing: blockade 2) result or product: arcade 3) participants in an action: brigade 4) drink made from: lemonade （重音: ‘ade） 28.​ adeno- gland or glands [aden- before a vowel]: adenoma, adenoid 29.​ adip- fat: adipose 30.​ *aer-, aeri-, aero- air: aerate, aerogram, aerospace, aerosphere, airy, aerial, aerodrome, aerolith, aerial, aerify, aerology 31.​ *af- see ad- 32.​ *Afro- African: Afro-American 33.​ *after- coming behind or later: aftertaste, aftermath, aftercare, afterlife 34.​ *ag- see ad- 35.​ *–ag-, -ig-, -agit- (frequentative), -act- do, drive, make: agent, agenda, activate, agitate, enact, actual, activism, activity, counteract, exact, exacting, inactive, inaction, interact, react, transact, agency, agile, agility, litigate, navigate 36.​ *–age n. 1) action, condition, or result of: marriage, cleavage, usage, shrinkage 2) amount or number of: acreage, mileage, percentage 3) cost of: postage, freightage, wharfage 4) place of: steerage, village, anchorage 5) collection of: peerage, package, wrappage 6) home of: hermitage, orphanage 7) loan words from French: savage, voyage (不影响重音) 37.​ –agog-, -agogue 1) leader: demagogue 2) a substance that induces the secretion of: galactagogue （重音’- agogue） 38.​ –agon- contend agony, agonize, antagonist, protagonist 39.​ *agri-, agro- [agr- before a vowel] field: agriculture, agrarian, agrology, agricorporation, agronomy, agrobiology, agro-town, agrestic, agrochemicals 40.​ –ain n. 1) person: villain, captain, chieftain 2) thing: quatrain (不影响重音) 41.​ *–aire n. 1) person: millionaire, doctrinaire 2) thing: questionnaire （重音’aire） 42.​ *al- [Arabic] 1) used in words of Arabic origin: algebra, alchemy [Latin] 2) see ad- 43.​ *–al 1) adj. of, like, or suitable for: hysterical, theatrical, personal, national, natural, exceptional 2) n. the act or process of: arrival, rehearsal, recital, appraisal, overthrowal 3) 醛: furfural 4) 巴比土酸盐: barbital （重音：一般不影响重音，但如果前面拼写是双辅音或发音是双元音，重音则为’ – al; 另外，若前面为ic，则重音为’ - ical） 44.​ alacri- quick: alacrity 45.​ alb- white: albino, album, albumen 46.​ –algia pain: odontalgia, nostalgia, neuralgia （重音’algia） 47.​ ali- another, other: alias, alibi, alien 48.​ *–ality: n. of adj. ending in –al: mentality, morality, logicality, formality, technicality （重音’ality） 49.​ *–ally adv. of adj. ending in –al: actually, politically, climaticaaly, heroicaaly, conditionally 50.​ *-alter- the other: adultery, adulterate, alternate, alternative 51.​ *–alt- high: altitude, exalt, alto, altar, altimeter, altimetry, altocumulus 52.​ *–am-, -amor-, -amat- love: amity, amorous, amatory, amour, paramour, amateur, amateurish 53.​ *ambi- both, around: ambidextrous, ambience 54.​ *–ambul- walk: ambulance, preamble, somnambulism, ambulant, perambulate, ambulate, noctambulant 55.​ –amen- as one wishes: amenity, amenable 56.​ –amic- friend: amicable 57.​ amphi- two: amphibian, amphitheater 58.​ –ampl- large: ample, amplify, amplifier 59.​ amylo- 淀粉: amyloid 60.​ *an- 1) see a- 2) see ad- 61.​ *–an n. and adj. 1) (one) belonging to or having some relation to: diocesan 2) (one) born in or living in: Mexican, African, European 3) (one) believing in or following: Lutheran, Mohammedan (通常不影响重音，但’ean ) 62.​ *ana- 1) up, upward: anadromous 2) back, backward: anagram 3) again: Anabaptist 4) throughout: analysis 5) according to, similar to: analogy 63.​ *–ana sayings, writings, anecdotes, facts, or objects of: Americana, Victoriana （重音’ana） 64.​ *–ance n. 1) the act or process of: discontinuance, resistance, attendance, guidance 2) the quality or state of being: forbearance, vigilance 3) a thing that ~s: hindrance 4): a thing that is ~ed: utterance (通常重音’ - - ance，但如果前面拼写是双辅音或发音是双元音，重音则为’- ance) 65.​ –ancill- maidservant: ancillary 66.​ *–ancy =ance [but different words may take different endings]: buoyancy, expectancy, occupancy, conservancy, elegancy, militancy (通常重音’ - - ancy，但如果原词末尾发音是双辅音或双元音，重音则为’- ancy) 67.​ –and see -end 68.​ *–andr- male, man: polyandry, androgynous, android 69.​ –androus having the stated number of stamens: monandrous 70.​ –ane 1) 饱和烃: methane, ethane 2) 某些环状化合物: cyclohexane 71.​ *–aneity n. of adj. ending in –aneous: spontaneity, spontaneity, contemporaneity （重音’eity） 72.​ *–aneous adj. of a certain quality: extraneous, spontaneous, instantaneous, miscellaneous （重音’aneous） 73.​ angio- blood vessel: angiomatosis 74.​ *Anglo- Britain: anglophile, Anglophobia, Anglo-American 75.​ *–anim- 1) spirit, breath, life, mind: animal, animate, inanimate, animism, unanimous, magnanimous, longanimity, exanimate, reanimate, animated 2) hostility: animosity 76.​ *–ann-, -enn- year: annual, annuity, biannual (twice a year), annals, anniversary, annalist, annuity, annuitant, superannuate, biennial (once very two years), perennial, millennium 77.​ *-ant [adj. or n. of n. ending in –ance or –ancy] 1) adj. that has, shows or does: defiant, radiant, vigilant, determinant, assistant, repentant 2) n. a person or thing that: occupant, accountant, insurant, informant, coolant, stimulant (通常重音’ - - ant，但如果前面拼写是双辅音或发音是双元音，重音则为’- ant) 78.​ *ante- before, in front of: anteroom, antecedent, antenatal 79.​ –anth- flower: anthology, chrysanthemum 80.​ *-anthrop- humankind: anthropology, philanthropist, paleoanthropology, anthropoid, misanthropy, anthropotomy 81.​ *anti- [ant- before a vowel] against, the opposite: Antarctica, antibiotic, antihero, antiwar 82.​ api- bee: apiary 83.​ apo- [ap- before a vowel or h] away from: apogee, apology, apostasy, aphelion 84.​ –apt- fit, suitable: aptitude, adapt 85.​ *–aqua-, -aque- water: aquarium, aqueous, aquatic, aqualung, aqueduct, aquiferous 86.​ aquil- eagle: aquiline 87.​ *–ar 1) adj. of, relating to, like, of the nature of: singular, polar，similar, insular, nuclear 2) n. the agent of a particular action =-er: registrar, scholar, beggar, liar, pedlar (不影响重音) 88.​ –arbitr- judge: arbitrate, arbitrary 89.​ arc- arch: arcade 90.​ *arch- chief: archenemy, archbishop 91.​ *–arch- rule, ruler: monarch, monarchy, anarchy, autarchy, gynarchy, oligarchy, patriarchy, matriarch, plutarchy 92.​ archaeo-, archeo- ancient: archeology, archeologist 93.​ -ard-, -ars- burn: ardent, ardor, arson 94.​ *–ard, -art person or thing [often derog.]: braggart, tankard, drunkard, laggard, Spaniard, coward, wizard (不影响重音) 95.​ *–arian n. or adj.1) (one) characterized by or having: octogenarian, centenarian 2) (one) believing in: Unitarian, utilitarian, vegetarian 3) (one) associated with: antiquarian, agrairian（重音’arian） 96.​ *–arium place or container: aquarium, planetarium, sanitarium, ovarium （重音’arium） 97.​ *-arm- arms: armament, armistice 98.​ *-art- art, skill: artifice, artifact, artisan 99.​ arteri- of artery: arteriosclerosis 100.​ arthr- of joints: arthritis 101.​ –articul- joint: articulate, articulation 102.​ *–ary: 1) adj. relating to, connected with: ordinary, contemporary, military, urinary, imaginary, elementary 2) n. a person or thing connected with: adversary, dictionary, secretary, notary, missionary, dignitary （通常重音British: ‘- - ary, American: ‘- - ‘ary, 但如果前面拼写是双辅音或发音是双元音，重音则为’ - ary） 103.​ –ase enzyme: amylase  104.​ –asper- rough: asperity, exasperate 105.​ –ast person (corresponding to words ending in -asm): enthusiast, gymnast（重音’- - ast） 106.​ *–aster-, -astr- star: asteroid, disaster, astronomer, astrology, astrodog, astronaut, astrophysics, astral, asterisk, asteroid 107.​ –aster person of the stated kind (derog.): poetaster, medicaster, philosophaster 108.​ *–ate v. 1) to become: evaporate, maturate 2) to cause to become: invalidate, rejuvenate, differentiate 3) to form or produce: ulcerate 4) to provide or treat with: vaccinate, hypenate 5) to out in the form of, or form by means of: delineate 6) to arrange for: orchestrate 7) to combine, infuse or treat with: oxygenate （通常重音’- - ate //） 109.​ *–ate adj. 1) of or characteristic of: collegiate, corporate, roseate 2) having or filed with: passionate, proportionate, affectionate 3) roughly corresponding to p.p ending in –ed animate, determinate （通常重音’- - ate //） 110.​ *-ate n. an office, function, agent, official or group of officials: potentate, directorate, advocate, candidate 2) the land, territory, or dominion of: priorate, sultanate 3) a person or thing that is the object of: legate, mandate 4) [in chemistry] slat made from any of certain acides with names ending in –ic: nitrate, carbonate, borate 5) [in chemistry] a result of some process: distillate （通常重音’- - ate //） 111.​ –athlon an sports event or activity for collecting money: decathlon, talkathlon 112.​ *–atic adj. of n. ending in –ate, -cy, -m or after a root: climatic, ecstatic, aquatic, systematic （重音’atic） 113.​ *–ation n. of v. ending in –ate or –te [action, condition or result]: animation, invitation, variation, quotation, examination （重音’ation） 114.​ *–ative adj. of n. ending in –ation: speculative, illustrative （重音与原动词同，但如果前面拼写是双辅音或发音是双元音，重音则为’ - ative） 115.​ *–ator doer: educator, instigator （重音与原动词同） 116.​ *-atory 1) adj. of some n. ending in –ation: explanatory, derogatory, preparatory 2) n. place: conservatory, laboratory, lavatory (通常重音英音’ - atory，美音’ – a’tory；英音la’boratory，美音’labora’tory ) 117.​ atmo- air: atmosphere 118.​ -atroc- cruel: atrocity, atrocious 119.​ atropho- atrophy: atrophoderma 120.​ –audac- bold: audacity, audacious 121.​ *–audi-, -audit-, audio- listen: audio, audit, audition, auditorium, audible, inaudible, auditor, audiometer, audiology, audiovisuals 122.​ *–aug-, -auct- increase: augment, auction, auctioneer 123.​ *–augur- sign, herald: augury, inaugurate, augural, inauguration 124.​ aur- ear: auricle, auricular 125.​ *Austro- Austrian: Austro-Hungarian 126.​ *–author- right, author: authoritative, authorship, authority, authorize, unauthorized 127.​ *auto- [aut- before a vowel] self: autism, autograph, autobiography, autarchy 128.​ –auxili- help: auxiliary 129.​ –avi- bird, flight: aviation, aviator, avian, aviary, aviculture 130.​ –avuncul- uncle: avuncular 131.​ *back- backward: backslide, backfire, backpedal, backdate 132.​ bacteri- bacteria: bactericide 133.​ -barbar- savage: barbarous, barbarism, barbaric 134.​ baro- pressure: barometer, barometric, baroscope, isobar 135.​ –bas- low: abase, basement, debase 136.​ basi-, baso- of the base, of alkalis: basophilia 137.​ *–bat- beat, strike: battle, combatant, noncombatant, combat, battle 138.​ bathy- deep, sea: bathysphere 139.​ *be- 1) treat in the stated way [added to n. and adj.]: befriend, belittle, becalm, befool 2) around: besiege, beset 3) furnish with, cover with: besprinkle, becloud, bedew 4) wearing: bespectacled, bewhiskered 5) completely, thoroughly: bedeck, besmear 6) away: bereave, betake, behead 7) about [added to other verbs, making them into vt.]: bethink, bemoan, befall 140.​ beat- happy: beatific, beatitude 141.​ *–bel-, -bell- war, fight: rebel, rebellious, bellicose, belligerent 142.​ *bene- well, good: benediction, benefactor, benefit, benevolent 143.​ benzo- 苯: benzene 144.​ *bi- two: bicycle, binary, bilingual, biweekly 145.​ *–bi-, -bio- life: biology, biography, amphibian, autobiography, biotic, antibiotic, biosphere, biochemistry, bioclean, bioelectricity 146.​ bili- of bile: bilirubin 147.​ *biblio- book: bibliography, bibliophile, bibliomania, Bible 148.​ blasto- 胚，芽: blastoderm 149.​ *-bon- [positive] good; -melior- [comparative] better; -optim- [superlative] best: bonus, ameliorate, optimist, optimize 150.​ *–bound: 1) kept in the stated condition: snowbound 2) moving in the stated direction: westbound （不影响重音） 151.​ brachy- short: brachydont 152.​ –brad-, -bras- scrape: abrade, abrasive 153.​ –brady- slow: bradycardia 154.​ –brev- short: brief, abbreviate, brevity, debrief, breviary 155.​ bronch- 气管: bronchitis 156.​ *by- of less importance: byproduct, bypass, byroad, byname 157.​ *caco- bad, ugly: cacophony 158.​ *–cad-, -cid-, -cas- fall: cadence, occasion, accident, incident, decadence, coincide, casual, casualty, occident, incidental, coincidence, deciduous 159.​ –calci- calcium: calcify, calcine 160.​ –calcul- calculate: calculation 161.​ –calor- heat: calorie, calorify, calorific, calorimeter 162.​ can- dog: canine 163.​ *–cant-, -cent- song, sing: canto, incantation, decant, accent 164.​ –cap-, -capac- contain: capable, capacity 165.​ *–capt-, -cept-, -ceive-, -ceipt-, -ceit-, -cip-, -cipi- take: captive, accept, deceive, deception, recipient, anticipate, conceivable, incipient, receipt, deceit, conceit, interception, incept 166.​ *–capit- head: capital, decapitate, capitalize 167.​ –carcer- prison: incarceration 168.​ *–card-, cardio-, -cardia heart: cardiotonics, carditis, tachycardia, carditis, cardiac, electrocardiogram, tachycardia, epicardium, endocardium 169.​ *–carn- flesh: carnal, carnivore, incarnate 170.​ carpo- fruit: carpophagous, carpology 171.​ *cata- [cat- before a vowel]1) down, downward: catabolism 2) away, completely: catalysis 3) against: catapult 4) throughout: cataphresis 5) backward: cataplasia 172.​ -caten- chain: concatenate 173.​ caus- burn: causalgia 174.​ –caut- careful: cautious, precaution 175.​ *–ced-, -ceed-, -cess- 1) yield: cede, concede, concession 2) go: proceed, precede, exceed, excessive, supersede, precedent, unprecedented, procedure, process, procession, success, succeed, intercession 176.​ cel- sky: celestial 177.​ –cele swelling: hydrocele 178.​ –celebr- : celebrity, celebrate 179.​ –celer- fast: accelerate, decelerate, celerity, accelerometer, decelerometer, acceleration 180.​ celio- abdomen: celiotomy 181.​ cell- cell: cellular, celluase, cellue, celluate 182.​ *cent- 100: century 183.​ *centi 1/100: centimeter 184.​ –centesis 穿刺术: cardiocentesis （重音cen’tesis） 185.​ *centri- center: centrifugal, concentric, eccentric 186.​ cephal- head: cephalalgia 187.​ cerato- horn or horny: ceratoid 188.​ -cerebr- brain: cerebration, cerebritis 189.​ –cern-, -cret- see: discern, secret 190.​ cero- [cer- before a vowel] wax: ceraceous, cerate 191.​ *–cert- certain: certify, certificate, ascertain, certitude, certifiable, certification, incertitude 192.​ –chem-, chemo- chemistry: alchemy, chemophysiology 193.​ chiro- hand: chirospasm 194.​ chloro- 绿色，氯气: chlorosis 195.​ cholo- bile: cholochrome 196.​ chondr- 软骨: chrondritis 197.​ *–chrom-, -chromat- color: chromosome, chromatic, monochrome, polychrome, photochrome, homochromous, panchromous 198.​ *–chron- time: chronology, chronicle, anachronism, chronic, synchronal, synchronize, synchronoscope, chronometer, isochronism 199.​ chrys- yellow: chrysanthemum 200.​ *–cid-, -cis- kill, cut: incisive, decide, excision, suicide, decision, concise, precise, incision, incisor, excision, circumcise, insecticide 201.​ –cinct- gird, surround: cincture 202.​ cine- of films or the film industry: cinecamara 203.​ *circum- around: circumlocution, circumspect, circumference, circumfluence, circumaviate 204.​ *–circ- circle: circular, circus, circulate, encircle, circuitous 205.​ cirri- [cirr- before a vowel] tendril: cirrose, cirrus 206.​ cis- on this side of: cisatlantic, cisalpine 207.​ citr- lemon or orange: citrate, citrus 208.​ *–civ- citizen: civil, civility, uncivil 209.​ –civil- of citizens: civilize, civilian, civilization 210.​ *–clam-, -claim cry, shout: exclaim, exclamation, declaim, reclaim, proclaim, declamatory, clamor, clamorous,acclaim 211.​ *–clar- clear: clarify, declare, clarity 212.​ –clim- zone, region: climate, climatic, acclimatize 213.​ *–clin-, -cliv- slant: acclivity, declivity, recline, decline, inclined, inclination, declension, disincline, isoclinal 214.​ *–clud-, -clus-, -clos- close [v]: conclude, disclose, seclusion, recluse, occlude, preclusion, exclusive, include 215.​ *co- see con- 216.​ cocci-, cocco- 小球状，浆果: coccus 217.​ –coct- cook, make: decoction 218.​ *–cogn-, -cogit- cogitate, cognitive, recognize, recognition, cognize, incognizable, precognition 219.​ *col- see con- 220.​ –col neck: collar, accolade 221.​ –colon- farmer: colonial, colonize 222.​ *com- see con- 223.​ *con- together, intensive: [co- before a vowel] co-ed, cooperation [col- before l] collaborate, collocate [com- before b, m, p] compose, combine, communicate, commiserate [cor- before r] correct, corrupt, correlation, corrugate [otherwise con-] contend, consign, concentric, contemporary 224.​ –concil- reconcile, conciliatory 225.​ *contra-, counter- against: contraception, contradiction, counteract, counterbalance, counterattack 226.​ copi- abundance: copious 227.​ copro- garbage: coprology, coprolite 228.​ –copul- link: copulate, copula, copulative 229.​ *–cord- heart: cordial, accord, concord, discordant, record 230.​ –coron