Lesson Three Legal Education 1、P18（2）The historical tension between the academic and the practical aspects of legal education survives, but with a growing recognition that both are appropriate and necessary components of a professional education. 法学教育学术和实践观点的对立（状态）一直以来就存在，不过人们逐渐认识到，两者均是职业教育适当的、且必不可少的构成内容。 2、P19（2）Moreover, law schools today have expanded the scope of doctrinal instruction to new fields including environmental law, intellectual property, and international law. 再者，当今的法学院已经扩展了新领域（部门）法学理论的讲授范围，包括环境法，知识产权法和国际法。 3、P19（2）Reflecting the growing inclusion of women and minorities in law school communities, feminist jurisprudence and critical race theory have emerged to challenge fundamental assumptions about law and the legal system. 女权主义法哲学和批判种族理论的出现对法律和法律
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的基本假定提出了挑战，同时也是对法学院日益增加的女性和少数民族学生数量的反应。 4、P19（3）It also serves as a bridge between Langdell’s view of law as a self-contained science discernible from legal materials alone and Reed’s view that legal education should be interdisciplinary and policy oriented. 它(跨学科方法)也为兰德尔和里德之间搭建了一座桥梁。兰德尔仅仅将法视为与法律素材不同的独自的科学，而里德则认为法学教育应当是跨学科的、有着政策导向的。 5、P19（4）In addition to classroom instruction in lawyering skills, simulated and live-client clinics are widespread as are externship opportunities with judges, criminal defense attorneys and prosecutors, government agencies, public interest firms, and other practitioners. 除课堂上的律师技能讲授外，就像校外与法官、刑事辩护律师、检察官、政府机构、公益公司和其它法律从业者一起进行实习一样，模拟和真实当事人讨论会也普遍存在。 6、P20（4）As Professor Auerbach explains, most law teachers would agree that rationality is a basic value because “a body of law is more rational and civilized when every rule it contains is referred articulately and definitely to an end which it subserves, and when the grounds for desiring that end are stated or are ready to be stated in words”. 正如奥尔巴克教授所言，大多数法学教师都同意理性是（法学教育的）基本价值，因为“当法律所包含的每一
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明确、清楚地谈及它要达到的目的之时，以及当意欲达成这一目的的理由以文字
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述出来或者将要表述出来之时，法律会更理性、更文明”。 7、P20（4）This is not to say that moral sensitivity, personal values, and social awareness are excluded from the analysis. Rather, rationality requires that they be explicitly exposed and evaluated. 这不是说我们就不谈论（
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）道德的敏感、个人的价值和社会的良知。相反，理性需要它们（道德的敏感、个人的价值和社会的良知）明晰地被表述并予以评价。 8、P20（4）For example, one could argue in support of anti-discrimination laws on the grounds that bigotry is morally wrong and that elimination of bias will create a more just society. 举例来说，某个人可能会为反歧视法进行辩护，其理由是持偏见的行为为道德所不许，而且消除偏见将创设一个更加公正的社会。 9、P21（2）More importantly, our goal is to develop our students’ abilities to discharge their ethical and professional responsibilities, to perform legal analysis, to distinguish the relevant from the irrelevant, to deal with a mass of facts in an authoritative way, to put together careful and persuasive arguments on any side of a legal question, and to think usefully and constructively about social problems and their solution. 更重要的是，我们的目标是要发展学生履行他们道德和职业义务的能力、发展他们进行法律分析的能力、发展他们区分相关与无关（事实）的能力、发展他们以可信的方式处理大量（案件）事实的能力、发展他们将精致和说服性的论据置于法律问题任何一方面的能力、发展他们有效并积极思考社会问题以及问题解决的能力。
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