名词性从句课件

nullnullnullRelated Conception (相关概念)1.名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。The boy is li Ming.主语表语Mr. Liang , a 24-year-old boy, teaches us English .主语同位语宾语null在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。 什么是名词性从句?名词性从句主语从句 ( The Subject Clause)宾语从句 ( The Object Clause) 表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause)同位语从句 ( The Appositive Clause)null请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句What I want to do is taking a bath. The news that they won the game spread the whole school. I don’t think he is an honest boy. The fact is that he stole the car. Do you know the fact that he stole the car? Do you know the man who is standing over there? It is said that they won the game. (主从)(同位语从句)(宾从)(表从)(同位语从句)(定从)(主从)null主语从句在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。他星期三来这里是肯定的。 That he will come here on Wednesday is certain.注意：从句作主语时，就算是句子意思完整，都要加上从属连词that他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。Whether he will come here on Wednesday is not certain.注意：主语从句表示“是否” 只用“whether” 而不用“if”null主语从句主语从句有时用“it”作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面，以避免头重脚轻。It is known to us that he will come here.nullIt + be + 形容词 ＋ that从句It is necessary that… 有必要… It is important that …. 重要的是… It is obvious that…… 很明显……It + be + -ed分词 ＋ that从句It is believed that… 人们相信… It is known to us/all that …. 众所周知… It has been decided that…… 已经决定……用it形式主语的that从句有以下四种不同的搭配：nullIt + be + 名词 ＋ that从句It is common knowledge that… …是常识 It is a surprise that …. 令人惊奇的是… It is a fact that…… 事实是……It + 不及物动词 ＋ that从句It appears that… 似乎… It happens that …. 碰巧… It occurred to me that…… 我突然想起……null表语从句在句中充当表语的从句(即放在be动词后面)叫做表语从句。我们的目的是他能认识到错误。Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.注意：引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。问题是它是否值得做。The question is whether it is worth doing.注意：表语从句表示“是否” 只用“whether” 而不用“if”null试区分以下句子Is this museum what you visited?Is this the museum that you visited?Is this museum the one that you visited?注意：这种句子考试时一定要记住这句话：名词前（尤其是单数可数名词前）一定要有限定词。然后把句子变换成陈述句，接着判断句子是属于哪种从句再完成。(表从)(定从)(定从)null宾语从句在句中充当及物动词或介词宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。我不知道你会来这里。I don’t know （that） you will come here.注意：that在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常常被省去。null我不知道他来不来。 我想知道他来还是不来。 你们是在谈论着他来还是不来吗？ 他不在乎天气是否好。I don’t know whether/if he will come.I want to know whether he will come or not.Are you talking about whether he will come?He doesn’t care if it isn’t a fine day.注意：在宾语从句中，表示“是否”既可以用whether,也可以用if.但是，whether常与or not连用；作介词宾语只用whether; 从句是否定句时一般用if。null宾语从句中的否定转移我认为他不会来这里I think he won’t come here. ( ) I don’t think he will come here. ( )注意：如果宾语从句是由think, believe, imagine, suppose等词引导的时候，要将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。null宾语从句中用it作形式宾语We think it our duty that we should help others. I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。null同位语从句在句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句一般放在如idea, news, fact, promise, suggestion, belief, truth等含有丰富内涵的词语后面，用来说明前面那个词的具体内容。一般说来，同位语从句都用that来作连接词，而且不能省略。也可用how, when, where等。他给了她一个承诺，他会在两个月后回来。He gave her a promise that he would come back after two months.null试区分以下句子Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the fact that they were talking about?注意：1. 如果是定语从句，它的从句肯定是不完整的，关系词肯定在句中充当成分的；而同位语从句中的that只起连接作用。 2. 定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位语从句则解释说明先行词的具体内容。(同从)(定从)null一、同位语从句与定语从句的相似之处1、两种从句都可以译成定语 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （同位语从句） 我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。 The news that you told us is really encouraging. （定语从句）你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。null2、两种从句都可以用that引导 e.g. The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. （同位语从句） 学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。 The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical. （定语从句）值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。一、同位语从句与定语 从句的相似之处null二、同位语从句与定语 从句的不同之处1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步 说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、 限定前面的名词。 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。） The news that you told us is really encouraging. （从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）null二、同位语从句与定语 从句的不同之处2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充当任何成分） 2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children. （that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）nullTell the difference1.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy. 2.The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.3.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. 4.The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.AppositiveACAppositiveACPredicativePredicativenullI. Tell the function of the clauses in the following sentences说出下列从句的功能：A: Appositive（同位语）; B: Attributive（定语）His proposal that we go there on foot is acceptable. Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online. 3.The first request that he made was to ask for freedom. 4. Do you have any idea where we will be sent? 5. Is this the company where your father works? 6. This is the reason that he gave for his absence. 7. He made an excuse that his car broke down on the way.BBBnull1.The question is ____the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 2.They received orders _____ the work be done at once. A .which B. when C. / D .that 3.The reason ____ I have to go is ____ my mother is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because 4. ___ I can’t understand is ___ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because 5. ____ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if 6. It is known to us ___ where there is pollution, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that 7. I have the information ____. A. of what he’ll come soon B. that he’ll come soon C. of that he’ll come soon D. his coming soon CDCABDB单项填空null8. --- I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball. --- ____ it made me nearly mad. A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break 9.It remains a question ____ we can get so much money in such a short time. A.how B. that C. when D. what 10.--- Can I help you? --- Yes, do you know ____? A. when comes the bus B. when will come the bus C. when does the bus come D. when the bus comes 11. He made a promise ___ anyone set him free he would make him very rich. A. that B. if C. what D. that if 12. They lost their way in the forest and ____ made matters worse was ___ night began to fall. A. what; that B. it; that C. what; when D. which; whatAADDA