2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试

2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试——英语试题及 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试——英语试题及答案 Section I Listening Comprehension Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1. Now look at Part A in your test booklet. Part A Directions: For questions 1 - 5, you will hear a talk about the geography of Belgium. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points) Geography of Belgium Three main regions coastal plain central plateau 1 Highest altitude of the coastal plain m 2 Climate near the sea humid 3 Particularly rainy months of the years April 4 Average temperatures in July in Brussels low 13 ℃ high ℃ 5 正确答案是: 1. highlands; 2. 20; 3. mild; 4. November; 5. 22.   Part B Directions: For Questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with Mr. Saffo from the Institute for the Future. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. (5 points) What is Saffo according to himself? The Institute for the Future provides services to private companies and The Institute believes that to think systematically about the long-range future is To succeed in anything, one should be flexible, curious and What does Saffo consider to be essential to the work of a team? 6 7 8 9 10 正确答案是: 6. A (technology)forecaster; 7. government agencies; 8. (a)meaningful(exercise); 9. open to change; 10.Trust and cooperation.   Part C Directions: You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once only. (10 points) Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about naming newborns. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13. 11. What do we often do with the things we love? [A] Ask for their names. [B] Name babies after them. [C] Put down their names. [D] Choose names for them. 正确答案是:D     您的答案是: 12. The unpleasant meaning of an old family name is often overlooked if [A] the family tree is fairly limited. [B] the family tie is strong enough. [C] the name is commonly used. [D] nobody in the family complains. 正确答案是:B     您的答案是: 13. Several months after a baby’s birth, its name will [A] show the beauty of its own. [B] develop more associations. [C] lose the original meaning. [D] help form the baby’s personality. 正确答案是:C     您的答案是: Questions 14 - 16 are based on the biography of Bobby Moore, an English soccer player. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14 - 16. 14. How many matches did Moore play during his professional career? [A] 90. [B] 108. [C] 180. [D] 668. 正确答案是:D     您的答案是: 15. In 1964, Bobby Moore was made [A] England’s footballer of the year. [B] a soccer coach in West Germany. [C] a medalist for his sportsmanship. [D] a number of the Order of the British Empire. 正确答案是:A     您的答案是: 16. After Moore retired from playing, the first thing he did was [A] editing Sunday Sport. [B] working for Capital Radio. [C] managing professional soccer teams. [D] developing a sports marketing company. 正确答案是:C     您的答案是: Questions 17 - 20 are based on the following talk on the city of Belfast. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17 - 20. 17. Belfast has long been famous for its [A] oil refinery. [B] linen textiles. [C] food products. [D] deepwater port. 正确答案是:B     您的答案是: 正确答案是:A     您的答案是: 正确答案是:A     您的答案是: 20. What happened in Belfast in the late 18th century? [A] French refugees arrived. [B] The harbor was destroyed. [C] Shipbuilding began to flourish. [D] The city was taken by the English. 正确答案是:C     您的答案是: Section II Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories (21) ____ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (22) ____ they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (23) ____ with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in (24) ____ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status (25) ____ as a rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, (26) ____ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes (27) ____ lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are (28) ____ to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly (29) ____ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that (30) ____ to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment (31) ____ make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in (32) ____ lead more youths into criminal behavior. Families have also (33) ____ changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; (34) ____, children are likely to have less supervision at home (35) ____ was common in the traditional family (36) ____. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other (37) ____ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased (38) ____ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing (39) ____ of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, (40) ____ a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. 21.[A] acting [B] relying [C] centering [D] cementing 正确答案是:C     您的答案是: 22.[A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because 正确答案是:D     您的答案是: 23. [A] interactions [B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation 正确答案是:A     您的答案是: 24. [A] return [B] reply [C] reference [D] response 正确答案是:D     您的答案是: 25. [A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else 正确答案是:A     您的答案是: 26.[A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding 正确答案是:B     您的答案是: 27. [A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with 正确答案是:D     您的答案是: 28. [A] immune [B] resistant [C] sensitive [D] subject 正确答案是:D     您的答案是: 29. [A] affect [B] reduce [C] chock [D] reflect 正确答案是:A     您的答案是: 30. [A] point [B] lead [C] come [D] amount 正确答案是:B     您的答案是: 31. [A] in general [B] on average [C] by contrast [D] at length 正确答案是:A     您的答案是: 32. [A] case [B] short [C] turn [D] essence 正确答案是:C     您的答案是: 33. [A] survived [B] noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced 正确答案是:D     您的答案是: 34. [A] contrarily [B] consequently [C] similarly [D] simultaneously 正确答案是:B     您的答案是: 35. [A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as 正确答案是:A     您的答案是: 36. [A] system [B] structure [C] concept [D] heritage 正确答案是:B     您的答案是: 37. [A] assessable [B] identifiable [C] negligible [D] incredible 正确答案是:B     您的答案是: 38. [A] expense [B] restriction [C] allocation [D] availability 正确答案是:D     您的答案是: 39. [A] incidence [B] awareness [C] exposure [D] popularity 正确答案是:A     您的答案是: 40. [A] provided [B] since [C] although [D] supposing 正确答案是:C     您的答案是: Section III Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your mowers on ANSWER SNEET 1. (40 points) Text 1 Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent”. It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,’ says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company. With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility.” says one expert. For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept —— what you think you want to do —— then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. “There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this.” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide. Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs —— those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them —— and they do. “On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite. Even those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always keep your eyes open,” he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you. 41. How did Redmon find his job? [A] By searching openings in a job database. [B] By posting a matching position in a database. [C] By using a special service of a database. [D] By E-mailing his resume to a database. 正确答案是:C     您的答案是: 42. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents? [A] Lack of counseling. [B] Limited number of visits. [C] Lower efficiency. [D] Fewer successful matches. 正确答案是:A     您的答案是: 43. The expression “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means [A] advisory. [B] compensation. [C] interaction. [D] reminder. 正确答案是:D     您的答案是: 44. Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options? [A] To focus on better job matches. [B] To attract more returning visits. [C] To reserve space for more messages. [D] To increase the rate of success. 正确答案是:B     您的答案是: 45. Which of the following is true according to the text? [A] Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters. [B] Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands. [C] Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed. [D] Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed. 正确答案是:C     您的答案是: Text 2 Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet. It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoë Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K. Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi). The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world’s five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht). Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly. The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them. 46. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA A cars and Zodiac cars? [A] A kind of overlooked inequality. [B] A type of conspicuous bias. [C] A type of personal prejudice. [D] A kind of brand discrimination. 正确答案是:A     您的答案是: 47. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs? [A] In both East and West, names are essential to success. [B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoë Zysman. [C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names. [D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize. 正确答案是:D     您的答案是: 48. The 4th paragraph suggests that [A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students. [B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape form class. [C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students. [D] students should be seated according to their eyesight. 正确答案是:C     您的答案是: 49. What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” (Lines 2-3, Paragraph 5)? [A] They are getting impatient. [B] They are noisily dozing off. [C] They are feeling humiliated. [D] They are busy with word puzzles. 正确答案是:B     您的答案是: 50. Which of the following is true according to the text? [A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated. [B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism. [C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go. [D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias. 正确答案是:D     您的答案是: Text 3 When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she’d like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I’m a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they’re concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard’s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too” she says. Even before Alan Greenspan’s admission that America’s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year’s pace. But don’t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening. Consumers say they’re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there’s a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,” says john Deadly, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job. Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn’t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan’s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant need to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting. 51. By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet”(Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means [A] Spero can hardly maintain her business. [B] Spero is too much engaged in her work. [C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit. [D] Spero is not in a desperate situation. 正确答案是:D     您的答案是: 52. How do the public feel about the current economic situation? [A] Optimistic. [B] Confused. [C] Carefree. [D] Panicked. 正确答案是:A     您的答案是: 53. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range” (Lines 3-4, Paragraph 3) the author is talking about. [A] gold market. [B] real estate. [C] stock exchange. [D] venture investment. 正确答案是:B     您的答案是: 54. Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic showdown? [A] They would benefit in certain ways. [B] The stock market shows signs of recovery. [C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom. [D] The purchasing power would be enhanced. 正确答案是:A     您的答案是: 55. To which of the following is the author likely to agree? [A] A now boom, on the horizon. [B] Tighten the belt, the single remedy. [C] Caution all right, panic not. [D] The more ventures, the more chances. 正确答案是:C     您的答案是: Text 4 Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education —— not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren’t difficult to find. “Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.” Razitch’s latest bock, Left Back: A Century of Failed School