英语语音(原)

《英语语音》课程教学大纲 课程编号： ENGL2001 课程名称：英语语音 （English Pronunciation for Communication ） 课程类别：专业必修课 授课对象：英语专业 开课学期：秋季 学 分： 1 主讲教师：王宇、陆小明、孟祥春、莫俊华、陆倩、华苏扬 等 指定教材：王桂珍，《英语语音教程》，高等教育出版社， 2005 年 张冠林，《大学一年级英语语音练习手册》，北京：外语教 学与研究出版社， 2006 年 教学目的：语音是英语专业学生必须掌握的一项基本技能， 语音语调的好坏会直接影响英语学习者的学习质量和实际 交际能力。 掌握准确 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 的语音和流畅自然的语调才能在实 际交际中正确理解他人要表达的意思，同时也能让别人听 清、听懂自己在说什么。英语语音语调的改善固然需要持之 以恒地努力， 但是正确的方法必然会使学习者收到事半功倍 的效果。 在与英语专业学生的实际接触中， 我们发现相当一部分英语 专业的学生在入学时对英语语音最基础的 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 ——元音和 辅音的正确发音——的把握不够理想。 从对于英语语音深层 次的内容，如单词重音、强读式和弱读式、连读、停顿、句 子重音、节奏、语调等的把握情况来看，存在的问题恐怕就 更多一些。 英语语音课作为英语专业一年级必修课的主要任务不仅限 于传统的语音音素教学， 更重要的是突出学好英语语音的根 本目的是为了更好地进行语言交际。因此，在授课过程中， 我们首先帮助学生发现自身存在的语音问题， 然后通过课堂 上的概念讲解、教师示范、听音、辨音和模仿等教学活动与 课后练习相结合的方式助其找到解决上述影响正常交际的 问题的方法，从而有效提高其英语语音水平以期达到达意、 得体地进行跨文化交际的目的。 辅助教材 : 1.Bradford, Barbara. 1988. Intonation in Context. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. 2. 葆菁，《实用英语语音》，北京：高等教育出版社， 1994 年。 3. 琼斯（ Jones, D. ）等编，《英语发音词典》，上海：上 海外语教育出版社， 1999 年。 先修课程：无 Week 1: “Pronunciation week ” 课时：第一周，共 8 课时 教学内容： Differences between American English and British English (esp. the differences between RP and GA) Differences between Spoken English and Written English Introduction to English Pronunciation (esp. Intonation) Introduction to articulation and reading-aloud skills English Pronunciation Contest Week 2: Pre-test 课时：第二周，共 2 课时 教学内容： Pre-test & Analysis Week 3: Basic concepts: Syllables, Stress & Rhythm 课时：第三周，共 2 课时 教学内容 第一节： Introduction to Basic concepts: Syllables, Stress & Rhythm 第二节： Practice: Listening —Number of syllables Listening — Identification of Stressed syllables Listening —Word stress, stress pattern and sentence stress Listening for Information & Imitation Pronunciation in Communication: Greetings & Saying Goodbye 思考题： 1. How to divide English words into syllables? 2. What are the differences between stressed syllables and unstressed syllables? 3. What is the significance of acquiring a good command of the rhythm of English? Week 4: Consonants & Vowels 课时：第四周，共 2 课时 教学内容 : 第一节： Introduction to English consonants and vowels: Classification of English consonants and vowels Correct pronunciation of English consonants and vowels 第二节： Practice: Listening —Sound checking & Sound discrimination Listening —Listening for Information Pronunciation in Communication: Role plays on given topics 思考题： 1. Distinguish between consonants and vowels. 2. Describe how consonants and vowels are classified. 3. Correct pronunciations of the following pairs of consonants and vowels: /n/ vs / ?/ /w/ vs /v/ / / vs /e/ / ∫ / vs / ?/ /t ∫ / vs /d ?/ /l/ vs /n/ /e/ vs /eI/ /e/ vs /?/ / ?/ vs /a:/ / ? / vs / ?:/ /u/ vs /u:/ /au/ vs / ?/ 4. The correct pronunciation of initial, middle and final /l/ sounds. Week 5: Stressed syllables and unstressed syllables 课时：第五周，共 2 课时 教学内容 : 第一节 : Three degrees of stress in English Stressed syllables & Unstressed syllables Three ways to signal stressed syllables 第二节 : Practice Listening —Sound checking, sound discrimination, and stress in compound proper nouns Listening —Stress patterns, and word stress for information Reading aloud —Stress in compound words, and word stress for information Pronunciation for communication —Expressing excitement and surprise 思考题： 1. Are vowel letters pronounced the same in stressed syllables and unstressed syllables? Justify your answer. 2. Do stressed syllables help to determine the meanings of words and the word classes they belong to? Explain with examples. Week 6: Stressed words and unstressed words in a sentence 课时：第六周，共 2 课时 教学内容 第一节 : Introduction to the schwa sound Introduction to basic concepts: Information words & Function words Stressed words and unstressed words Three levels of stress in English sentences 第二节 : Practice Listening —Checking & Identification Reading aloud —Stress in compound nouns Pronunciation in communication: Listening —Word stress for information Oral activities —1. Newspaper reading & Class reports; 2. Offering help/Things 思考题： 1. When do we stress function words? Explain with examples. 2. Explain the relationship between sentence stress and rhythm of English. Week 7: Strong forms and weak forms 课时：第七周，共 2 课时 教学内容 第一节 : Introduction to basic concepts: Strong forms & Weak forms The importance of mastering strong forms and weak forms Important weak forms in English 第二节 : Practice Listening —Checking & Identification Listening & Imitation Pronunciation in communication: Asking for and giving advice 思考题： 1. When should strong forms or weak forms for English words be used? 2. Familiarize yourself with the important weak forms in English. Week 8: Linking 课时：第八周，共 2 课时 教学内容 第一节 : Introduction to basic concepts: Linking & Contraction How to link words in English speech 第二节 : Practice: Listening —Checking & Dictation Reading aloud —Linking words in phrases & Pair reading & Imitation Pronunciation in communication: Asking for / giving permission 思考题： 1. What is the relationship between linking and thought groups? 2. Why is linking important to effective communication? Week 9: Rhythm of English speech 课时：第九周，共 2 课时 教学内容 第一节 : Introduction to the concept of rhythm in English The rhythmic pattern in English Analysis of Examples 第二节 : Practice: Listening: 1. Checking; 2. Length of vowels; 3. Stress patterns at sentence level; 4. Weak form words & Rhythm Reading aloud —1. Imitation (stress patterns in sentences); 2. Linking & Rhythm Pronunciation in communication: Making requests / appointments 思考题： 1. What is a rhythmic group? Is it the same as a thought group? 2. How to use pauses effectively? And explain how important pauses are to the rhythm of English. Week 10: Types of intonation in English 课时：第十周，共 2 课时 教学内容 第一节 : Introduction to basic concepts: Intonation, Tone & Pitch Basic intonation patterns Analysis of examples 第二节 : Practice Listening —Falling intonation, rising intonation, and falling-rising intonation Reading aloud —Falling intonation, rising intonation, and falling-rising intonation & Imitation Pronunciation in communication —Asking for / giving directions 思考题： 1. What are tone units and tonic syllables? 2. How does the disagreement between intonation patterns and the content of the utterance affect communication? Week 11: Intonation units of English 课时：第十一周，共 2 课时 教学内容 第一节 : Introduction to the concept of intonation units Introduction to the structure of an intonation unit (nucleus, tail, head, and pre-head) The significance of correct placement of nucleus Analysis of examples 第二节 : Practice Listening —Checking, Marking Intonation Structure & Nucleus Identification Reading aloud — Imitation, Passage Reading, etc. Listening for Information & Imitation Pronunciation in Communication: Making Comparisons (I) 思考题： 1. What are the important factors for the realization of the intonation unit structure? 2. How does the appropriate nucleus placement contribute to effective communication? Week 12: Functions & Uses of English Intonation 课时：第十二周，共 2 课时 教学内容 第一节 : The attitudinal function of English Intonation The accentual function of English Intonation The grammatical function of English Intonation The discourse function of English Intonation Analysis of examples 第二节 : Practice Listening — Intonation Marking, Intonation & Meaning, Intonation & the Focus of Message, etc Reading aloud — Intonation & the Focus of Message Listening & Imitation Pronunciation in communication: Making comparisons (II) 思考题： 1. What do the falling, rising and falling-rising intonations intend to express respectively? 2. How important is English intonation to effective communication? Week 13: Intonation in use 课时：第十三周，共 2 课时 教学内容 第一节 : The varieties of public speaking Effective use of one ’s voice when delivering a speech Effective use of gestures and bodily movements when delivering a speech Analysis of (a) sample speech(es) 第二节 : Practice: A class-wide speech contest (with speech topics given) 思考题： 1. What are the components of vocal delivery? 2. What are the aspects of physical delivery a speaker should work on? Week 14: Final exam 课时： 第十四周 期末考试 考核方式： 学期总成绩构成： 考勤（ 5%）+ 朗读录音（ 20%）+ 期末考试（ 75%）= 100% 期末考试形式：笔试（ 20%）+ 口试（ 80%） 笔试部分 (20 ％ ) ： 语音基本知识填空（ 5%）、听力 ( 单词辨音 5%+句子辨义等 10%) 口试部分 (80 ％ ) ： 朗读短语（元音、辅音丛、不完全爆破、重音、弱读、连读 30%）、朗读短文 (30%) 、话题 / 情景自述 (20%)。 说明：因新生正式上课时间较其他年级学生晚，且学期中间 有多个假期，因此以上提到的周数并非校历中所列周数，而 为实际授课所需的周数。