第三章基于TCPIP的互联网络

null第三章 基于TCP/IP的 互连网络第三章 基于TCP/IP的 互连网络本章目标本章目标通过本章的学习，要求掌握以下内容： 了解TCP/IP协议栈，各个分层的主要功能、IP协议的应用 掌握IP地址分类，子网掩码的作用，识别网络标识号、主机标识号，子网的数目 TCP/IP介绍TCP/IP介绍早期的协议族 全球范围主机InternetTCP/IP主机TCP/IP 协议族TCP/IP 协议族7654325432应用层 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 达层会话层传输层网络层数据链路层物理层1应用层传输层Internet层数据链路层物理层1应用层概述应用层概述* 路由器使用应用层传输层Internet层数据链路层物理层文件传输 - TFTP * - FTP * - NFS E-Mail - SMTP 远程登陆 - Telnet * - rlogin * 网络管理 - SNMP * 名称管理 - DNS*传输层概述传输层概述Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) User Datagram Protocol (UDP)应用层传输层Internet层数据链路层物理层面向连接 非面向连接端口号端口号TCP端口号F T P传输层T E L N E TD N SS N M PT F T PS M T PUDP应用层2123255369161R I P520TCP 端口号TCP 端口号源端口目标端口…Host A102823…SPDPHost ZTelnet Z目标端口 = 23. TCP 数据格式TCP 数据格式Source port (16)Destination port (16)Sequence number (32)Header length (4)Acknowledgement number (32)Reserved (6)Code bits (6)Window (16)Checksum (16)Urgent (16)Options (0 or 32 if any)Data (varies)20 BytesBit 0Bit 15Bit 16Bit 31TCP 三次握手TCP 三次握手发送 SYN (seq=100 ctl=SYN)接收 SYNHost AHost BTCP 三次握手TCP 三次握手发送 SYN (seq=100 ctl=SYN)接收 SYN发送 SYN, ACK (seq=300 ack=101 ctl=syn,ack)Host AHost B接收 SYNTCP 三次握手TCP 三次握手发送 SYN (seq=100 ctl=SYN)接收 SYN发送 SYN, ACK (seq=300 ack=101 ctl=syn,ack)建立会话 (seq=101 ack=301 ctl=ack)Host AHost B接收 SYNTCP 简单确认TCP 简单确认滑动窗口 = 1发送方 接收方TCP 简单确认TCP 简单确认滑动窗口 = 1发送方 接收方发送 1接收 1TCP 简单确认TCP 简单确认滑动窗口 = 1发送方 接收方发送 1接收 1接收 ACK 2 发送 ACK 2TCP 简单确认TCP 简单确认滑动窗口 = 1发送方 接收方发送 1接收 1接收 ACK 2发送 ACK 2发送 2接收 2TCP 简单确认TCP 简单确认滑动窗口 = 1发送方 接收方发送 1接收 1接收 ACK 2发送 ACK 2发送 2接收 2接收 ACK 3发送 ACK 3TCP 简单确认TCP 简单确认滑动窗口 = 1发送方 接收方发送 1接收 1接收 ACK 2发送 ACK 2发送 2接收 2接收 ACK 3发送 ACK 3发送 3接收 3TCP 简单确认TCP 简单确认滑动窗口 = 1发送方 接收方发送 1接收 1接收 ACK 2发送 ACK 2发送 2接收 2接收 ACK 3发送 ACK 3发送 3 接收 3接收 ACK 4发送 ACK 4TCP 顺序号和确认号TCP 顺序号和确认号源端口目标端口…顺序号 #确认号 #SourceDest.Seq.Ack.102823101我发送 #10.TCP 顺序号和确认号TCP 顺序号和确认号我已收到 #10, 现在我需要 #11.源端口目标端口…顺序号 #确认号 #102823SourceDest.10Seq.1Ack.102823SourceDest.11Seq.1Ack.我发送 #10.TCP 顺序号和确认号TCP 顺序号和确认号源端口目标端口…顺序号 #确认号 #102823SourceDest.11Seq.2Ack.102823SourceDest.10Seq.1Ack.102823SourceDest.11Seq.1Ack.我已收到 #10, 现在我需要 #11.我发送 #10.TCP 顺序号和确认号TCP 顺序号和确认号源端口目标端口…顺序号 #确认号 #102823SourceDest.11Seq.2Ack.102823SourceDest.10Seq.1Ack.102823SourceDest.11Seq.1Ack.102823SourceDest.12Seq.2Ack.我已收到 #11, 现在我需要 #12.我发送 #11TCP 窗 口TCP 窗 口发送方接收方TCP 窗 口TCP 窗 口Window size = 3 Send 2发送方 接收方Window size = 3 Send 1Window size = 3 Send 3TCP 窗 口TCP 窗 口Window size = 3 Send 2发送方 Window size = 3 Send 1Window size = 3 Send 3ACK 3 Window size = 2数据 3 被丢弃接收方TCP 窗 口TCP 窗 口Window size = 3 Send 2发送方 Window size = 3 Send 1Window size = 3 Send 3ACK 3 Window size = 2数据 3 被丢弃Window size = 3 Send 4Window size = 3 Send 3接收方TCP 窗 口TCP 窗 口Window size = 3 Send 2发送方Window size = 3 Send 1Window size = 3 Send 3ACK 3 Window size = 2数据 3 被丢弃Window size = 3 Send 4Window size = 3 Send 3ACK 5 Window size = 2接收方UDP 数据格式UDP 数据格式没有顺序号和确认号Source port (16)Destination port (16)Length (16)Data (if any)1Bit 0Bit 15Bit 16Bit 31Checksum (16)8 BytesInternet 层概述Internet 层概述OSI 网络层对应的是TCP/IP的internet层Internet Protocol (IP) Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)应用层传输层Internet层数据链路层物理层IP 数据报的格式IP 数据报的格式Version (4)Destination IP Address (32)Options (0 or 32 if any)Data (varies if any)1Bit 0Bit 15Bit 16Bit 31Header Length (4)Priority & Type of Service (8)Total Length (16)Identification (16)Flags (3)Fragment offset (13)Time to live (8)Protocol (8)Header checksum (16)Source IP Address (32)20 Bytes协议域协议域决定上层协议Transport LayerInternet LayerTCPUDPProtocol NumbersIP176ICMP协议ICMP协议ApplicationTransportInternetData LinkPhysicalDestination Unreachable Echo (Ping) OtherICMP1ARP协议ARP协议172.16.3.1172.16.3.2IP: 172.16.3.2 = ???我需要知道176.16.3.2的物理地址.ARP协议ARP协议172.16.3.1172.16.3.2IP: 172.16.3.2 = ???ARP协议ARP协议172.16.3.1IP: 172.16.3.2 Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 172.16.3.2IP: 172.16.3.2 = ???ARP协议ARP协议映射 IP Ethernet Local ARP172.16.3.1IP: 172.16.3.2 Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 172.16.3.2IP: 172.16.3.2 = ???RARP协议RARP协议Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP = ???我的地址是多少？RARP协议RARP协议Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP = ???我的地址是多少？我听到了广播你的地址是 172.16.3.25.RARP协议RARP协议Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP: 172.16.3.25Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP = ???我的地址是多少？我听到了广播你的地址是 172.16.3.25.RARP协议RARP协议映射 Ethernet IP Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP: 172.16.3.25Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP = ???我的地址是多少？我听到了广播你的地址是 172.16.3.25.TCP/IP地址介绍TCP/IP地址介绍断点连接需要确定的地址 路径选择 Location is represented by an address172.18.0.2172.18.0.1172.17.0.2172.17.0.1172.16.0.2172.16.0.1SADAHDRDATA10.13.0.0192.168.1.010.13.0.1192.168.1.1IP 地 址IP 地 址 255255 255 255Dotted DecimalMaximumNetworkHost32 bitsIP 地 址IP 地 址 255255 255 255Dotted DecimalMaximumNetworkHost128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111Binary32 bits1891617242532128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 IP 地 址IP 地 址 255255 255 255Dotted DecimalMaximumNetworkHost128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 10101100 00010000 01111010 11001100Binary32 bits 172 16 122 204Example DecimalExample Binary1891617242532128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 IP 地址分类IP 地址分类Class A: Class B: Class C: Class D: 多址地址 Class E: 科研用8 bits8 bits8 bits8 bitsIP 地址分类IP 地址分类1Class A:Bits:0NNNNNNNHostHostHost891617242532Range (1-126)1Class B:Bits:10NNNNNNNetworkHostHost891617242532Range (128-191)1Class C:Bits:110NNNNNNetworkNetworkHost891617242532Range (192-223)1Class D:Bits:1110MMMMMulticast GroupMulticast GroupMulticast Group891617242532Range (224-239)主机地址主机地址172.16.2.1172.16.3.10172.16.12.1210.1.1.110.250.8.1110.180.30.118E1172.161212网络主机..网络端口172.16.0.0 10.0.0.0E0 E1路由表172.16.2.110.6.24.2E0计算可用的主机地址计算可用的主机地址 11111111 172 16 0 0 10101100 00010000 00000000 0000000116 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 网络主机 00000000 00000010 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111110...... 00000000 00000011 11111101123655346553565536-...265534N2N-2 = 216-2 = 65534IP地址分类练习IP地址分类练习地址类别网络主机10.2.1.1128.63.2.100201.222.5.64192.6.141.2130.113.64.16256.241.201.10IP地址分类练习 （ 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 ）IP地址分类练习 （答案）地址类别网络主机10.2.1.1128.63.2.100201.222.5.64192.6.141.2130.113.64.16256.241.201.10ABCCBNonexistent10.0.0.0128.63.0.0201.222.5.0192.6.141.0130.113.0.00.2.1.10.0.2.1000.0.0.640.0.0.20.0.64.16不设子网的地址不设子网的地址网络 172.16.0.0172.16.0.0172.16.0.1172.16.0.2172.16.0.3…...172.16.255.253172.16.255.254设置子网的地址设置子网的地址网络 172.16.0.0172.16.1.0172.16.2.0172.16.3.0172.16.4.0子网地址子网地址172.16.2.200172.16.2.2172.16.2.160172.16.2.1172.16.3.5172.16.3.100172.16.3.150E0172.16网络网络端口172.16.0.0 172.16.0.0E0 E1新路由表 2160主机..172.16.3.1E1子网地址子网地址172.16.2.200172.16.2.2172.16.2.160172.16.2.1172.16.3.5172.16.3.100172.16.3.150172.16.3.1E0E1172.162160网络主机..网络端口172.16.2.0 172.16.3.0E0 E1新路由表子网子网掩码子网掩码25525500IP AddressDefault Subnet Mask8-bit Subnet MaskNetworkHostNetworkHostNetworkSubnetHost“/16” 表示子网掩码有16位.“/24”表示子网掩码有24位. 11111111 111111110000000000000000十进制和二进制的转换十进制和二进制的转换1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 128 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 192 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 = 224 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 = 240 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 = 248 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 = 252 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 = 254 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 255128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1缺省情况下的子网掩码缺省情况下的子网掩码缺省情况下子网未划分16网络主机17200101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000000000000000000010100000000000000000000000000010172.16.2.160 255.255.0.0网络号利用子网掩码划分子网利用子网掩码划分子网扩展了8位地址的网络16网络主机172.16.2.160 255.255.255.017220101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000000000000000000000000010子网网络号128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255利用子网掩码划分子网利用子网掩码划分子网扩展了10位地址的网络网络主机172.16.2.160 255.255.255.192101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000110000001000000000000010子网161722128网络号128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255子网掩码练习子网掩码练习地址子网掩码类别子网172.16.2.1010.6.24.2010.30.36.12255.255.255.0255.255.240.0255.255.255.0子网掩码练习 （答案）子网掩码练习 （答案）地址子网掩码类别子网172.16.2.1010.6.24.2010.30.36.12255.255.255.0255.255.240.0255.255.255.0BAA172.16.2.010.6.16.010.30.36.0广播地址广播地址172.16.1.0172.16.2.0172.16.3.0172.16.4.0172.16.3.255 (Directed broadcast)255.255.255.255 (Local network broadcast)X172.16.255.255 (All subnets broadcast)地址汇总示例地址汇总示例16172216010101100000100001010000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.19241地址汇总示例地址汇总示例1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.19212161722160地址汇总示例地址汇总示例1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.1921237161722160地址汇总示例地址汇总示例101011001111111100010000111111111111111110100000110000001000000000000010HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.1921234161722160地址汇总示例地址汇总示例10101100111111110001000011111111111111111010000011000000100000000000001010111111HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.192123456161722160地址汇总示例地址汇总示例1010110011111111000100001111111111111111101000001100000010000000000000101011111110000001HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.192123456161722160地址汇总示例地址汇总示例101011001111111100010000111111111111111110100000110000001000000000000010101111111000000110111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.1921234567161722160地址汇总示例地址汇总示例101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000110000001000000000000010101011000001000000000010101111111010110000010000000000101000000110101100000100000000001010111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.19212345678161722160地址汇总示例地址汇总示例101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000110000001000000000000010101011000001000000000010101111111010110000010000000000101000000110101100000100000000001010111110HostMaskSubnetBroadcastLastFirst172.16.2.160255.255.255.192172.16.2.128172.16.2.191172.16.2.129172.16.2.190123456789161722160B类地址子网规划B类地址子网规划Subnet Address = 172.16.2.0 Host Addresses = 172.16.2.1–172.16.2.254 Broadcast Address = 172.16.2.255 Eight bits of subnettingIP Host Address: 172.16.2.121 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0NetworkSubnetHost10101100000100000000001011111111172.16.2.121:255.255.255.0:1010110011111111Subnet:1010110000010000000100001111111100000010000000101111111101111001 0000000000000000Broadcast:Network子网划分子网划分Other subnets192.168.5.16192.168.5.32192.168.5.4820 子网 5 主机/子网 C类地址： 192.168.5.0C类地址子网规划C类地址子网规划Subnet Address = 192.168.5.120 Host Addresses = 192.168.5.121–192.168.5.126 Broadcast Address = 192.168.5.127 Five Bits of Subnetting11111000IP Host Address: 192.168.5.121 Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.248NetworkSubnetHost192.168.5.121:1100000011111111Subnet:1100000010101000101010001111111100000101000001011111111101111001 01111000255.255.255.248:Broadcast:NetworkNetwork11000000101010000000010101111111广播地址练习广播地址练习地址类别子网广播地址201.222.10.60 255.255.255.248子网掩码15.16.193.6 255.255.248.0128.16.32.13 255.255.255.252153.50.6.27 255.255.255.128广播地址练习 （答案）广播地址练习 （答案）153.50.6.127地址类别子网广播地址201.222.10.60 255.255.255.248C201.222.10.63201.222.10.56子网掩码15.16.193.6 255.255.248.0A15.16.199.25515.16.192.0128.16.32.13 255.255.255.252B128.16.32.15128.16.32.12153.50.6.27 255.255.255.128B153.50.6.0配置交换机的IP地址配置交换机的IP地址 指明IP地址和子网掩码Switch(config)#ip address ip-address subnet-maskSwitch(config)#ip default-gateway ip-address指明缺省网关配置路由器的IP地址配置路由器的IP地址指明IP地址和子网掩码 在路由器的端口配置模式下设置地址Router(config-if)#ip address ip-address subnet-mask配置路由器的IP地址配置路由器的IP地址Router(config-line)#ip netmask-format {bitcount | decimal | hexadecimal} 在行控制模式下设置IP地址的显示格式Router#term ip netmask-format {bitcount| decimal | hexadecimal} 设置正确的IP地址显示格式路由器的IP主机命名路由器的IP主机命名利用IP地址静态映射主机地址 通过IP地址和主机名称选择端口Router(config)#ip host name [tcp-port-number] address [address]ip host Norine 172.16.3.1 192.168.3.1 ip host Roger 172.16.4.3路由器名称服务器的设置路由器名称服务器的设置指明一个或多个名称服务器来解析逻辑地址Router(config)#ip name-server server-address1 [[server-address2]...[server-address6]]DNS Server路由器的名称解析路由器的名称解析缺省情况下DNS为Enable Router(config)#ip domain-lookup Router(config)#end Router#pat Translating ”pat"...domain server (255.255.255.255) % Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer address Router#config t Router(config)#no ip domain-lookup Router(config)#end Router#pat Translating ”pat" % Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer address Router#查看主机名称查看主机名称Router#show hosts Default domain is not set Name/address lookup uses domain service Name servers are 255.255.255.255 Host Flags Age Type Address(es) Norine (perm, OK) 0 IP 172.16.100.100 Roger (perm, OK) 0 IP 172.16.100.101 Frank (perm, OK) 0 IP 172.16.200.200 Bob (perm, OK) 0 IP 172.16.200.201 显示主机列表VLAN 概 述VLAN 概 述VLAN 1VLAN 2ISL10.1.1.210.2.2.2网络层设备连接多个广播域Router on a stickApplicationTCPIPISLEthernetFast E0/0将物理端口划分为多个子端口将物理端口划分为多个子端口FastEthernet 0/0FastEthernet 0/0.2FastEthernet 0/0.3FastEthernet 0/0.1物理端口能够划分为多个逻辑的子端口ISL 封 装ISL 封 装 在子端口上激活ISL封装Router(config-subif)#encapsulation isl domain不同VLAN间的路由不同VLAN间的路由VLAN 1VLAN 2ISLinterface fastethernet 0/0 no ip address ! interface fastethernet 0/0.1 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 encapsulation isl 1 interface fastethernet 0/0.2 ip address 10.2.2.1 255.255.255.0 encapsulation isl 2Fast E0/010.1.1.210.2.2.2广域网间的路由广域网间的路由ISL interface Serial0 ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0S0172.16.1.1172.16.1.2VLAN 1VLAN 210.1.1.210.2.2.2可视化目标可视化目标 core_ server wg_sw_a 10.1.1.10wg_sw_l 10.1.1.120...e0/1fa0/26 (port A)e0/1fa0/26 (port A)fa0/1fa0/12fa0/24core_sw_a 10.1.1.2core_sw_b 10.1.1.4fa0/12fa0/1fa0/13fa0/13fa0/27 (port B)fa0/27 (port B)wg_pc_a 10.2.2.12wg_pc_l 10.13.13.12Core_rofa0/23fa0/0fa0/14fa0/14VLAN2VLAN13SUBNET VLAN POD 10.1.1.0 1 wg_ro_x, wg_sw_x, core_sw_a, core_sw_b 10.2.2.0 2 wg_pc_a, core_server, core_ro 10.3.3.0 3 wg_pc_b, core_server, core_ro 10.4.4.0 4 wg_pc_c, core_server, core_ro 10.5.5.0 5 wg_pc_d, core_server, core_ro 10.6.6.0 6 wg_pc_e, core_server, core_ro 10.7.7.0 7 wg_pc_f, core_server, core_ro 10.8.8.0 8 wg_pc_g, core_server, core_ro 10.9.9.0 9 wg_pc_h, core_server, core_ro 10.10.10.0 10 wg_pc_i, core_server, core_ro 10.11.11.0 11 wg_pc_j, core_server, core_ro 10.12.12.0 12 wg_pc_k, core_server, core_ro 10.13.13.0 13 wg_pc_l, core_server, core_roSUBNET VLAN POD 10.1.1.0 1 wg_ro_x, wg_sw_x, core_sw_a, core_sw_b 10.2.2.0 2 wg_pc_a, core_server, core_ro 10.3.3.0 3 wg_pc_b, core_server, core_ro 10.4.4.0 4 wg_pc_c, core_server, core_ro 10.5.5.0 5 wg_pc_d, core_server, core_ro 10.6.6.0 6 wg_pc_e, core_server, core_ro 10.7.7.0 7 wg_pc_f, core_server, core_ro 10.8.8.0 8 wg_pc_g, core_server, core_ro 10.9.9.0 9 wg_pc_h, core_server, core_ro 10.10.10.0 10 wg_pc_i, core_server, core_ro 10.11.11.0 11 wg_pc_j, core_server, core_ro 10.12.12.0 12 wg_pc_k, core_server, core_ro 10.13.13.0 13 wg_pc_l, core_server, core_ro本章 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf 本章总结完成本章的学习后，你应该能够掌握： 了解TCP/IP协议族和各层的作用 划分子网，识别IP地址的网络号和主机号问题回顾问题回顾1. TCP协议和UDP协议有和不同？ 2. 和IP地址为： 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.240, 在同一网段的主机有哪些？