2018_2019学年高考英语一轮复习Unit4Globalwarming高考试卷分块专练新人教版选修6

Unit 4 Global warming 高考试卷分块专练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A The Metropolitan Museum of Art, more commonly known as “the Met”， located in New York City, is the largest art museum in the United States. Its impressive permanent collection is home to over two million works, divided among seventeen specialized departments. It is among the most visited art museums in the world. The main building is one of the world's largest art galleries. On March 18, 2016, the museum opened that Met Breuer Museum, greatly enriching the museum's modern and up­to­date art program. The Met's permanent collection consists of works of art from classical antiques to ancient Egyptian artifacts (史前古器物), paintings and sculptures from all but a few of the European masters. It also has an outstanding collection of American and modern art and proudly houses extensive holdings of African, Asian, Oceanian, Indian and Islamic art. Visitors can also find large collections of musical instruments and costumes, as well as antique weapons from around the globe. The Metropolitan Museum of Art was founded in 1870. It is the result of a project between businessmen, financiers and influential thinkers of the day. They all shared the same passion of bringing art and art education to the American people. That dream became a reality when the museum opened its doors on February 20, 1872. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了位于纽约的大都会艺术博物馆的一些信息。 1．What is special about the Met? A．Its name.　　　　　　　 B．Its collection. C．Its building. D．Its location. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Its impressive permanent collection is home to over two million works, divided among seventeen specialized departments.”可知，大都会艺术博物馆的特别之处在于它的收藏。故选B项。 2．What do we know about the Met's collections? A．They are from European masters. B．They mainly come from Europe. C．They are about antique weapons. D．They cover arts of different times. 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句可推知，大都会艺术博物馆的收藏包含了不同时期的艺术品。故选D项。 3．Why was the Metropolitan Museum of Art built? A．To show the owners' pride in its large size. B．To invest and make more money in the future. C．To offer art education to the American people. D．To bring the worldwide artists' dream into reality. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“They all shared the same passion of bringing art and art education to the American people.”可推知，大都会艺术博物馆的建立是为了给美国人民提供艺术教育。故选C项。 B Arctic sea ice is melting faster than expected, and that means big changes in Earth's climate system. That warning comes from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Its scientists are calling for the establishment of an Arctic observatory to help deal with possible dangerous changes resulting from the melting ice. The WMO believes changes in the Arctic area are likely evidence of a coming disaster. It noted that temperatures around the world continue to rise. The next year is predicted to be the hottest year since modern record­keeping began 150 years ago. The Arctic is warming at least two times as fast as the world average, the WMO said. The highest Arctic sea levels in March were said to be the lowest on record. Petteri Taalas is the WMO's Secretary­General. He said that the changes in the climate were having a serious result. For example, he said, the tree line in mountain areas is moving upward. “There are also some species of animals who have difficulties in coping with these changes，” Taalas said. These include polar bears, Arctic seals, and even some birds. He said the changing climate will also have an effect on fisheries. Taalas also warned that the melting of the Arctic's frozen permafrost could release large amounts of greenhouse gases. Those gases are the ones that speed up the rise of temperatures. But the melting of the Arctic sea ice is also opening up new transportation, travel and exploration possibilities. Taalas said that less ice could cut the time it takes for ships to sail between Europe and East Asia. Opening the Arctic would also increase the risk of accidents in hazardous waters and oil spills. The cold, undeveloped environment is more difficult to clean up than other areas. Taalas called for the establishment of an Arctic observatory to study, predict and react to climate change. He said this would keep transportation in Arctic waters safe. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了北极冰川加速融化及其带来的影响和应对措施。 4．Which of the following will be influenced by the warming according to Taalas? A．Environment. B．Transportation. C．Travel. D．Agriculture. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，Taalas认为北极冰川加速融化是因为气候变暖，而气候变暖会对林木业、动物和渔业造成严重影响，并产生温室气体，这些都是对环境的影响。故选A。 5．What's the advantage of the melting Arctic sea ice according to the passage? A．It prevents the greenhouse gases producing. B．It will make summer not as hot as before. C．An Arctic observatory needs to be set up. D．It broadens traffic and science research. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“But the melting of the Arctic sea ice is also opening up new transportation, travel and exploration possibilities.”可知，北极冰川的融化扩大了交通和科学研究的领域。故选D。 6．What does the underlined word “hazardous” in Paragraph 7 mean? A．Deep and freezing. B．Involving risk or danger. C．Smooth and balanced. D．Safe and slow. 解析：选B　词义猜测题。画线词所在句中的“hazardous waters and oil spills”和下句中的“The cold, undeveloped environment”应属同一类环境。hazardous与“寒冷和未开发的”相对应，应意为“危险的”。故选B。 7．Where is the passage probably taken from? A．A geography book. B．A school booklet. C．A travel guide. D．A science report. 解析：选D　文章出处题。本文主要介绍了北极冰川加速融化及其带来的影响和应对措施，并且文中列举了相关人士的观点，因此本文可能出自科学报告。故选D。 C One Sunday Malachi Bradley was searching for wild mushrooms in eastern Utah when he realized he had wandered too far from the mountain lake where he was hiking with his father and siblings. The 10­year­old boy tried looking for a road to flag down a driver, but the area about 200 miles east of Salt Lake City was too remote. He remembered the survival skills his father had taught him and eventually hunkered (蹲下) down between rocks still warm from the sun to protect himself from the cold mountain night. “It was strange not having anybody with me, but I just kept going. I knew I had to make it back, or my family would be really sad，” Malachi said on Tuesday. Over the nearly 30 hours he was missing in the backcountry. He found river water to drink and even tried unsuccessfully to catch a fish with a spear made from a stick. Meanwhile, dozens of search and rescue workers were searching the area on horses and ATVs (全地形车), as well as in the air, but they couldn't spot Malachi in the wooded area. As night fell and temperature dropped, Malachi wrapped his T­shirt around his legs, huddled in his jacket and protected himself from the weather between the rocks. The remaining warmth helped him get through the night. Back at Paul Lake, his father, Danny Bradley, and a friend who had joined them for the camping were keeping a fire burning, hoping the boy might wander back by himself. As the hours wore on, Bradley imagined his son alone in the woods and was terrified that he might be hurt. The next day, Malachi heard a police helicopter flying overhead. He knew the searchers aboard the craft couldn't see him through the trees, so he started walking again until he found a clearing. He stayed there and briefly fell asleep until a search plane spotted him from the air and a helicopter landed to pick him up on Monday. “Malachi was found about five miles southeast of where he went missing，” Uintah County Sheriff Vance Norton said. It appeared that he wandered down a deep and narrow valley and over a hill before he found the clearing. Malachi said he would go camping again, but next time he would not get away from other people. “I've learned from my mistakes，” he said. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个在丛林中迷路的小男孩独自求生，并最终获救的故事。 8．What did Malachi manage to do to survive? A．Build a shelter on his own. B．Catch a fish with a spear. C．Stay between rocks at night. D．Find a road to stop a passing car. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“... eventually hunkered (蹲下) down between rocks still warm from the sun to protect himself from the cold mountain night”和第五段中的“As night fell and temperature dropped ... protected himself from the weather between the rocks.”可知，他蹲在温暖的石头之间来抵御夜晚的寒冷。故选C项。 9．How could the plane spot Malachi? A．He kept waving and shouting loudly. B．He stood on the top of a rock. C．He used his T­shirt to make a signal. D．He stayed in an area without trees or bushes. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第七段中的“... so he started walking again until he found a clearing. He stayed there and briefly fell asleep until a search plane spotted him from the air ...”可知，为了让直升机发现他，他找到了一块林中空地。clearing意为“空地”。故选D项。 10．We can infer from the passage that ________. A．Danny Bradley kept a fire burning to let his son know the way back B．Malachi Bradley was searching for some flowers when he got lost C．Malachi always stayed where he went missing and waited for rescue D．Malachi's teacher once taught him how to survive in a wilderness 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Back at Paul Lake, his father, Danny Bradley, and a friend who had joined them for the camping were keeping a fire burning, hoping the boy might wander back by himself.”可知，他的父亲和一个朋友在营地让火一直燃烧，是希望男孩可以自己走回来。故选A项。 11．What lesson does Malachi Bradley learn from the experience? A．Be brave when in danger. B．Stay close to others when camping. C．Be cautious to take an adventure. D．Believe in oneself when facing difficulties. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“... but next time he would not get away from other people”可知，下一次他不会再离开其他人了。故选B项。 D We have a problem, and the strange thing is that we not only know about it, but also celebrate it. Just today, someone boasted to me that she was so busy she's averaged four hours of sleep a night for the last two weeks. She wasn't complaining; she was proud of the fact. She is not alone. Why are typically rational people so irrational in their behavior? The answer is that we're in the midst of a bubble. I call it “The More Bubble”． The nature of bubbles is that something is absurdly overvalued until — eventually — the bubble bursts, and we're left wondering why we were so irrationally animated in the first place. The thing we're overvaluing now is the opinion of doing it all, having it all, achieving it all. This bubble is being enabled by a combination of three powerful trends: smartphones, social media, and extreme consumerism. The result is not just information overload, but opinion overload. We are more aware than at any time in history of what everyone else is doing and, therefore, what we should be doing. In the process, we have been sold a bill of goods: that success means being supermen and superwomen who can get it all done. Of course, we boasted about being busy — it's code for being successful and important. And our answer to the problem of more is always more. We need more technology to help us create more technologies. We need to shift our workload to free up our own time to do yet even more. Luckily, there is a solution to the pursuit of more: the pursuit of less, but better. A growing number of people are making this change. I call these people Essentialists. These people are designing their lives around what is essential and removing everything else. These people arrange to have actual weekends (during which they are not working). They create technology­free zones in their homes. They trade time on Facebook with calling those few friends who really matter to them. Instead of running to different meetings, they put space on their calendars to get important work done. So we have two choices: We can be among the last people caught up in “The More Bubble”， or we can join the growing community of Essentialists and get more of what matters in our one precious life. 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。受智能手机、社交媒体和极端消费主义的影响，许多人乐于说自己很忙，这掩盖了生活的本质。我们应当关注生活中最重要的部分，屏蔽那些无关紧要的事物。 12．When the woman said for two weeks she only slept for four hours a night, ________. A．she was unsatisfied with her lifestyle B．she was asking for suggestions C．she took pride in doing so D．she knew few people were like her 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“She wasn't complaining; she was proud of the fact.”可知，当这个女士说自己最近两周每晚只睡四个小时时，她对自己这样做感到自豪。故C项正确。 13．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The cause and result of “The More Bubble”． B．The advantages of “The More Bubble”． C．The solutions to “The More Bubble”． D．The new trends of “The More Bubble”． 解析：选A　段落大意题。通读第四段可知，该段首先分析了“The More Bubble”的起因：受智能手机、社交媒体和极端消费主义的影响；接着又分析了“The More Bubble”的后果：信息太多、观点太多，吹嘘忙就是成功和重要的秘诀。故A项正确。 14．According to the article, Essentialists are those who ________. A．give up certain things for what matters in life B．prefer to change frequently C．are tired of information and opinion D．are eager to become successful and important 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“These people are designing their lives around what is essential and removing everything else.”可知，Essentialists是指那些为生活中重要的东西而放弃某些不重要的东西的人。故A项正确。 15．We can infer from the article that the author ________ “The More Bubble”． A．is supportive of　　　　　 B．is undecided about C．disapproves of D．wonders about 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“The result is not just information overload, but opinion overload.”并结合第四段内容可知，“The More Bubble”导致信息膨胀、观点泛滥，从而掩盖了真实的生活；据此可以判断，作者对此持反对态度。故C项正确。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2018·江西重点中学联考)There are so many things we do in our daily lives that have become a “habit”. __1__ How you answer the phone is a habit. The way you sit in the car when you drive is a habit. Have you ever tried to change the way you do something, after you've done it in a certain way for so long? It's not very easy to do. The minute your mind drifts to something else, you go right back to the old way of doing things. __2__ It's a way of doing things that has become routine or commonplace. To change an existing habit or form a new one can be a tedious task. Let's pick something fairly easy to start with, like spending 15 minutes in the morning reading the Bible. If you want to turn something into a habit that you do every day, you have to WANT to do it. __3__ Make a firm decision to do this on a daily basis. Imprint it in your mind. Write several notes to yourself and put them in places where you will see them. By the alarm clock, on the bathroom mirror, on the refrigerator door, in your briefcase, and under your car keys are good places to start. After the newness wears off, then you will have to remind yourself, “Hey, I forgot to ...” Keep using the notes if you have to, __4__ Some people say it will take over a month to solidify it and make it something you will do without having to think about it. I tend to agree with the last statement. Two to three weeks will help you to remember, but thirty days or more will make it a part of your everyday routine.__5__ A．What is a “habit” anyway? B．Is doing things in an old way good? C．Brushing your teeth is a habit. D．Forming a bad habit is easy. E．It takes 16 to 21 times of repeating a task to make it a habit. F．If you don't, you will find a way to do everything but that. G．That's something you won't necessarily have to think about before you do it — habit. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，阐述了习惯的定义，并介绍了几个培养习惯的方法。 1．选C　根据空格上一句“There are so many things we do in our daily lives that have become a ‘habit’．”可知，我们日常所做的许多事情已经成了习惯；由空格下一句“How you answer the phone is a habit.”可知，接电话的方式也成了习惯；据此可以判断，空格处应列举日常生活中已经成为习惯的行为。C项“刷牙是一种习惯”紧密衔接上下文，符合语境。故C项正确。 2．选A　根据空格下一句“It's a way of doing things that has become routine or commonplace.”可知，该句阐述了习惯的定义；据此可以判断，空格处应提问“习惯是什么”。故A项正确。 3．选F　根据空格上一句“If you want to turn something into a habit that you do every day, you have to WANT to do it.”可知，如果你想将某件事变成你每天都要做的习惯行为，你就必须想要做它，此处强调的是想要做的重要性；据此可以判断，空格处应谈论如果你不想做会发生什么情况。故F项正确。 4．选E　根据空格下一句“Some people say it will take over a month to solidify it and make it something you will do without having to think about it.”可知，该处陈述的是养成习惯的一种方法。空格处应陈述养成习惯的另一种方法。E项中的“16 to 21 times”与下文中的“Two to three weeks”相照应。故E项正确。 5．选G　根据空格上一句“Two to three weeks will help you to remember, but thirty days or more will make it a part of your everyday routine.”并结合空格处所在的位置可知，空格处 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf 全文，再次阐述什么是习惯。G项“那是你在做之前不必考虑的事——习惯”符合文意。故G项正确。