埃及

Egyptian Embassy in DC HYPERLINK "http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=128384224664" HYPERLINK "http://twitter.com/undata" HYPERLINK "http://data.un.org/Feedback.aspx" 窗体顶端 Data Glossary Metadata More ​ About UNdata ​ Advanced search ​ Country profiles ​ Explorer Country profile   Countries and areas Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil British Virgin Islands Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China China, Hong Kong SAR China, Macao SAR Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador 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Summary statistics Economic indicators Social indicators Environment Trade Profile Map Top Summary statistics Region 2000 Northern Africa   Currency 2008 Egyptian Pound (EGP)   Surface area (square kilometres) 2008 1002000   Population in 2008 (estimated, 000) 2008 81527   Population density in 2008 (per square kilometre) 2008 81.4   Largest urban agglomeration in 2007 (population, 000) 2007 Cairo (11893)   United Nations membership date 2000 24 October 1945   Top Economic indicators GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) 2008 165546   GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) 2005 98323   GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) 2000 99601   GDP: Growth rate at constant 1990 prices (annual %) 2008 3.6   GDP: Growth rate at constant 1990 prices (annual %) 2005 6.8   GDP: Growth rate at constant 1990 prices (annual %) 2000 3.5   GDP per capita (current US$) 2008 2030.6   GDP per capita (current US$) 2005 1349.7   GDP per capita (current US$) 2000 1497.1   GNI: Gross national income per capita (current US$) 2008 2015.5   GNI: Gross national income per capita (current US$) 2005 1335.3   GNI: Gross national income per capita (current US$) 2000 1495.2   Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 2008 18.4   Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 2005 16.9   Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 2000 17.1   Exchange rates (national currency per US$) 2008 5.50 Principal rate.   Exchange rates (national currency per US$) 2005 5.73 Principal rate.   Exchange rates (national currency per US$) 2000 3.69 Principal rate.   Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 2008 –1415   Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 2005 2103   Balance of payments, current account (million US$) 2000 –971   CPI: Consumer price index (2000=100) 2008 186   CPI: Consumer price index (2000=100) 2005 134   CPI: Consumer price index (2000=100) 2000 100   Industrial production index (2005=100) 2008 ...   Industrial production index (2005=100) 2005 100   Industrial production index (2005=100) 2000 ...   Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 2008 115 2007.   Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 2005 115   Agricultural production index (1999-2001=100) 2000 102   Food production index (1999-2001=100) 2008 116 2007.   Food production index (1999-2001=100) 2005 116   Food production index (1999-2001=100) 2000 102   Unemployment (% of labour force) 2008 8.9 May and November. Age group 15 to 64 years. 2007.   Unemployment (% of labour force) 2005 11.2 May and November. Age group 15 to 64 years.   Unemployment (% of labour force) 2000 9.0 May and November. Age group 15 to 64 years.   Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 2008 22.0 May and November. Age group 15 to 64 years. 2006.   Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 2005 21.5 May and November. Age group 15 to 64 years.   Employment in industrial sector (% of employed) 2000 21.3 May and November. Age group 15 to 64 years.   Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 2008 31.2 May and November. Age group 15 to 64 years. 2006.   Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 2005 30.9 May and November. Age group 15 to 64 years.   Employment in agricultural sector (% of employed) 2000 29.6 May and November. Age group 15 to 64 years.   Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 2008 24.3   Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 2005 23.3   Labour force participation, adult female pop. (%) 2000 21.1   Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 2008 70.5   Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 2005 69.8   Labour force participation, adult male pop. (%) 2000 71.7   Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 2008 12296   Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 2005 8244   Tourist arrivals at national borders (000) 2000 5116   Energy production, primary (000 MT oil equivalent) 2008 85876 2007.   Energy production, primary (000 MT oil equivalent) 2005 79955   Energy production, primary (000 MT oil equivalent) 2000 63032   Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 inhabitants) 2008 65.4   Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 inhabitants) 2005 31.1   Telephone subscribers, total (per 100 inhabitants) 2000 9.8   Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 2008 15.4   Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 2005 11.7   Internet users (per 100 inhabitants) 2000 0.6   Exports (million US$) 2008 26223.8   Imports (million US$) 2008 52752.1   Major trading partners (% of exports) 2008 Italy (10.3), India (6.3), Netherlands (5.7)   Major trading partners (% of imports) 2008 United States (10.8), China (8.4), Germany (6.2)   Top Social indicators Population growth rate (avg. annual %) 2005-2010 1.8   Urban population growth rate (avg. annual %) 2005-2010 1.8   Rural population growth rate (avg. annual %) 2005-2010 1.7   Urban population (%) 2007 42.6   Population aged 0-14 years (%) 2009 32.3   Population aged 60+ years (women and men, % of total) 2009 7.7/6.9   Sex ratio (men per 100 women) 2009 101.2   Life expectancy at birth (women and men, years) 2005-2010 71.8/68.3   Infant mortality rate (per 1 000 live births) 2005-2010 34.8   Fertility rate, total (live births per woman) 2005-2010 2.9   Contraceptive prevalence (ages 15-49, %) 2006-2009 60.3   International migrant stock (000 and % of total population) mid-2010 244.7/0.3 Includes refugees.   Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR end-2008 112605   Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP) 2005-2008 3.7   Education: Primary-secondary gross enrolment ratio (w/m per 100) 2005-2008 84.4/88.7 UNESCO estimate. 2004.   Seats held by women in national parliaments (%) 2009 1.8   Top Environment Threatened species 2009 120   Forested area (% of land area) 2007 <   CO2 emission estimates (000 metric tons and metric tons per capita) 2006 166679/2.0   Energy consumption per capita (kilograms oil equivalent) 2007 926.0   Rainfall, total mean (millimetres) 25   Temperature, mean °C (minimum and maximum) 15.8/27.7   Top Trade Profile HYPERLINK "http://comtrade.un.org/pb/FileFetch.aspx?docID=3576&type=country%20pages" \o "Trade Profile [Page 2]" Top 窗体底端 Home | About Us | FAQ | Feedback | Site usage Copyright © 2011 - Conditions of Use United Nations Statistics Division Version v0.14.4 Beta Egyptian Embassy in DC ​ Home ​ Links ​ Basic Information ​ Political System ​ Economy ​ Consular Services ​ Contact us Gateway to Egypt Links General Egypt Information Highway http://www.idsc.gov.eg Other Links in "General" ​ Egypt's Portal in the United States ​ Egyptian Universities Network ​ Egyptian Libraries Network ​ Bibliotheca Alexandria (Alexandria New Library) ​ The American University in Cairo General ​ Egypt's Portal in the United States ​ Egyptian Universities Network ​ Egyptian Libraries Network ​ Bibliotheca Alexandria (Alexandria New Library) ​ The American University in Cairo Government ​ Ministry of Manpower and Emigration ​ Parliament ​ Cabinet ​ Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs ​ Ministry of Tourism ​ Ministry of Defense ​ Egypt Social Fund for Development ​ Presidency ​ Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics ​ Egyptian Armed Forces ​ Ministry of Education ​ Ministry of Foreign Affairs ​ State Information Service ​ People's Assembly ​ Central Bank of Egypt ​ Ministry of Foreign Trade and Industry ​ Ministry of Manpower and Emigration ​ Egypt State Information Service Economy ​ American Chamber of Commerce in Egypt ​ Egypt Economic Bulletin Tourism/History/Culture ​ Al-Azhar Park ​ Cairo Opera House ​ El-Sakia Cultural Center ​ Egypt Guide ​ Travel to Egypt Egyptian Media ​ Cairo Magazine ​ Cairo Live ​ Al-Gomhuria ​ Egypt Today (Monthly) ​ Al-Ahram Weekly ​ Al-Ahram Daily Newspaper Egyptian-American Associations ​ USEF © Egyptian Embassy in DC. 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Terms Of Use    Privacy Statement    Site Map 窗体底端 HYPERLINK "http://big5.fmprc.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.fmprc.gov.cn" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn/images/gxh14.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/default.htm" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn/images/gxh16.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/fra/" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn/images/gxh18.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/rus/default.htm" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn/images/gxh20.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/esp/default.htm" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn/images/gxh22.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ara/" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/chn/images/gxh24.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET 首  页  ​ 外交部 o​ 主要职责 o​ 外交部长 o​ 主要官员 o​ 组织机构 o​ 驻外机构 o​ 驻港、澳公署 o​ 参观外交部 o​ 干部考录 ​ 外交动态 o​ 领导人活动 o​ 外事日程 o​ 外交部新闻 o​ 司局新闻 o​ 发言人表态 o​ 吹风会 o​ 大使任免 o​ 驻外报道 o​ 领事动态 ​ 国家和组织 o​ 国家（地区） o​ 国际和地区组织 ​ 资  料 o​ 重要讲话 o​ 声明公报 o​ 条约文件 o​ 中国外交历程 o​ 中国外交人物 o​ 外交史上的今天 o​ 领事知识 o​ 礼宾知识 o​ 建交国家一览表 o​ 驻华外交官名册 o​ 专  题 ​ 服  务 o​ 新闻服务 o​ 领事服务 o​ 礼宾服务 o​ 档案服务 网站地图     窗体顶端 高级 窗体底端    首页 > 国家和组织 > 国家（地区） > 非洲 > 埃及  您想去        国家概况     双边关系     相关新闻     发言人有关谈话     重要讲话     重要文件     外交机构信息     驻外报道     外交掠影     前往该国注意事项 埃及国家概况 （最近更新时间：2010年6月23日） 　　国名 阿拉伯埃及共和国(The Arab Republic of Egypt)。 　　面积 100.145万平方公里。 　　人口 7950万(截至2008年12月)。伊斯兰教为国教，信徒主要是逊尼派，占总人口的84%。科普特基督徒和其他信徒约占16%。 　　语言 官方语言为阿拉伯语，通用英语和法语。 　　首都 开罗(Cairo)，人口1830万(2006年)，是阿拉伯和非洲国家人口最多的城市。包括开罗、吉萨、盖勒尤比、哈勒旺和十月六日五省，其中开罗省人口789.9万(2006年)。夏季平均气温最高34.2℃，最低20.8℃;冬季最高19.9℃,最低9.7℃。 　　国家元首 总统穆罕默德·胡斯尼·穆巴拉克(Mohammed Hosni Mubarak)，1981年10月13日当选。1987年10月12日、1993年10月5日、1999年9月26日、2005年9月9日四次连任。 　　国庆日 7月23日（1952年） 　　简况 跨亚、非两大洲，大部分位于非洲东北部，只有苏伊士运河以东的西奈半岛位于亚洲西南部。西连利比亚，南接苏丹，东临红海并与巴勒斯坦、以色列接壤，北濒地中海。海岸线长约2900公里。全境干燥少雨。尼罗河三角洲和北部沿海地区属地中海型气候，平均气温1月12℃，7月26℃。其余大部分地区属热带沙漠气候，炎热干燥，沙漠地区气温可达40℃。 　　埃及是世界四大文明古国之一。公元前3200年，美尼斯统一埃及建立了第一个奴隶制国家。当时国王称法老，主要经历了早王国、古王国、中王国、新王国和后王朝时期，30个王朝。古王国开始大规模建金字塔。中王国经济发展、文艺复兴。新王国生产力显著提高，开始对外扩张，成为军事帝国。后王朝时期，内乱频繁，外患不断，国力日衰。公元前525年，埃成为波斯帝国的一个行省。在此后的一千多年间，埃相继被希腊和罗马征服。公元641年阿拉伯人入侵，埃逐渐阿拉伯化，成为伊斯兰教一个重要中心。1517年被土耳其人征服，成为奥斯曼帝国的行省。1882年英军占领后成为英“保护国”。1922年2月28日英国宣布埃为独立国家，但保留对国防、外交、少数民族等问题的处置权。1952年7月23日，以纳赛尔为首的自由军官组织推翻法鲁克王朝，成立革命指导委员会，掌握国家政权。1953年6月18日宣布成立埃及共和国。1958年2月同叙利亚合并成立阿拉伯联合共和国。1961年叙利亚发生政变，退出“阿联”。1970年纳赛尔总统病逝，萨达特继任总统。1971年9月1日改名为阿拉伯埃及共和国。1981年10月萨达特总统遇刺身亡，副总统穆巴拉克继任。 　　政治 　　穆巴拉克总统1981年执政以来，坚持“和平、稳定、发展”战略，逐步推进政治、经济改革。2005年9月，埃举行历史上首次有多名候选人参加的总统大选，穆巴拉克以88%的高得票率战胜其他9名候选人，第五次出任总统。 　　【宪法】 永久宪法于1971年9月11日经公民投票通过。宪法规定埃及是“以劳动人民力量联盟为基础的民主和社会主义制度的国家”；总统是国家元首、武装部队最高统帅，由人民议会提名，公民投票选出，任期6年。1980年5月修改宪法，规定政治制度建立在多党制基础上，总统可多次连选连任，并成立协商会议。2005年5月修改宪法，允许有选举权的公民通过公开的无记名直接投票方式在多名候选人中选出总统；用选举代替公决。2007年3月，人民议会通过宪法修正案，对34项宪法条款进行修改，以平衡各种国家权力，增进公民权和公共自由，支持政党活动，明确政教分离原则，增强妇女权益，发展地方政府等。 　　【人民议会】 人民议会是最高立法机关。议员由普选产生，任期5年。议会的主要职能是：提名总统候选人；主持制定和修改宪法；决定国家总政策；批准经济和社会发展计划及国家预算、决算，并对政府工作进行监督。议员共454名，其中444名通过选举产生，10名由总统直接任命。2005年12月，埃举行新一届人民议会选举。选举产生的 432席中（其它12席因选举中出现暴力事件无效），执政的民族民主党成员获得311席，占71.9%；独立人士和反对党成员获得112席，其中有穆斯林兄弟会背景的独立人士获88席，占25.9%，是2000年选举中的5倍；华夫脱党赢得6席，集团党获得2席，明天党赢得1席。本届议会75%的议员为新议员。议长艾哈迈德·法塔希·苏鲁尔（Ahmed Fathy Sorour），1990年12月13日当