专四之定语从句

Don’tforgetthethingsthatonceyouowned.Treasurethethingsthatyoucan’tget.Don'tgiveupthethingsthatbelongtoyouandkeepthoselostthingsinmemory.　　曾经拥有的，不要忘记。不能得到的，更要珍惜。属于自己的，不要放弃。已经失去的，留作回忆。TheAttributiveclause语法讲解定语从句（theattributiveclause）☆被定语从句限定的词是_______，引导定语从句的词叫做________或_________。☆关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即连接（连接定语从句和主句）、替代（替代前面的先行词）、成分（在定语从句中要充当一定的句子成分）。在复合句中，充当_______用的从句是定语从句“先行词”“关系代词”“关系副词”形容词Revision1relativepronoun关系代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物句子主语宾语定语whowhomwhichthatwhoserelativeadverb关系副词指代所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereason时间状语地点状语原因状语4.关系副词的用法注意点(1)当先行词为time，表示“次数”时，应用关系词that或省略。如：Thisisthefirsttime(that)thepresidenthasvisitedthecountry.(2)当point,situation,case等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合”等意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如：Canyouthinkofasituationwherethisphrasecanbeused?4.关系副词的用法注意点巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空1)October1,1949wastheday______(________)Chinawasfounded.2)Beijingistheplace______(__________)Ilive.3)Isthisthereason____(________)hedidn’twanttoseeme?whenonwhichwhereinwhichwhyforwhich巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空4)Isthistheroom______(________)wewerelivinglastwinter?5)Thedaysaregone_____(____________)weused“foreignoil”.6)Yesterday,wehadameeting______(________)wediscussedmanyproblems.whereinwhichwhenduringwhichatwhichwhere对比练习：用适当的关系词填空1.Theroom___________________heoncelivedisstillthere.Theroom___________________Ihavetocleaneverydaybelongstomymother.where/inwhich(that/which)对比练习：用适当的关系词填空2.Iwillneverforgettheday_______________Imetyou.Iwillneverforgettheday______________wespenttogether.when/onwhich(that/which)Thereason_____________Idon’tknowisknowntohim.(that/which)why/forwhich3.Thereason________________Idon’tknowthethingisthatIwasnotthereatthattime.先行词是不定代词all,everything,anything,nothing,something,much,little,few,none,theone.2.先行词被all,everything,anything,nothing,something,much,little,few,none修饰时考点一：that和which以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。3.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时4.先行词被数词,序数词修饰时5.先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时6.先行词既有人又有物时7.先行词在从句中做表语时8.主句以therebe开头1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_____yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.itExercise:先行词为everything，little,much，all，anything，nothing,none,few等词时，关系代词用that4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_____interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.Thereisnodictionary_____youcanfind.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat6.Isoxygentheonlygas_____helpsfireburn?A.itB./C.whichD.that7.Whichwasthehotel_____wasrecommendedtoyou?A.whereB.whichC.thatD.it先行词为人和物的组合先行词被all,little,much,every,no,等修饰时先行词被序数词或最高级修饰，先行词前有序数词(thefirst),形容词最高级(thebest),thelast,thevery,theonly等时。若主句中有疑问代词who或者which，为了避免重复,关系代词不要再用who,which，而用that。考点二：以下情况只能用which引导定语从句。1.引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。3.句子中同时有两个定语从句，其中一个已经用了that引导时2.先行词是物，紧接在介词后面时考点三：关系代词as的用法☆thesame…as表示同一类人或物；thesame…that指同一个人或物1.直接引导定语从句:作用相当于whichHewaslate,as/whichisoftenthecase.2.与such连用,引起定语从句Therearenosuchwritersasyoumention.Itgavehimsuchashockthathisfaceturnedwhite.3.与same连用,引起定语从句如此……以至于，结果状语从句Thisisthesamepen______Ilostyesterday.A.asB.thatC.theoneD.A&BD比较：...thesamepenasIlost....thesamepenthatIlost.表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支Eg:4.as与which的区别★as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如beknown，besaid，bereported等★如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。1)Shehasbeenlateagain,_______wasexpected.2)Tomhasmadegreatprogress,_______madeushappy.aswhich1.______wasnatural,hemarriedJenny.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As2.Suchsigns_____weuseintheexperiment______Greekletters.A.as,areB.as,isC.that,areD.that,is3.Sheisverygoodatdance,____everybodyknows.A.thatB.whereC.whoD.as4.______hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.As5.Wedothesamework_____theydo.A.whichB.asC.thanD.like考点四：什么情况下whose和ofwhich不能互换?1.先行词是人时，只能用whose,不能用ofwhichIt’sthefirsttimetheboy_______fatherisanengineerhaspaidavisittoourschool.2.of不具有所属关系时，不能用whoseShewouldliketoreadthenovelofwhichagreatnumberofpeoplehaveheard.whose考点五:什么情况下用who不用that？先行词是人称代词时，如：He,whojustheardthenewsofhisfather’sdeath,burstintotears.考点六:way后面的定语从句way后面的定语从句的引导词有inwhichthat或不填，如：Irecognizedhe’sfromAustraliafromtheway__________________hespeaks.inwhich(that/不填)1.I’llneverforgetthedays_____________weworkedtogether.2.I’llneverforgetthedays______wespenttogether.3.Iwenttotheplace______________Iworkedtenyearsago.when/inwhichwhichwhere/inwhich几种易混的情况及物动词4.Iwenttotheplace_______Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_____________hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason__________hegave.whichwhy/forwhichthat/which及物动词及物动词定语从句三步：第一找出先行词第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）第三选择合适的关系词专题专练1.Doyouthinksuchaplace____youspeakofisworthvisiting?HepromisedtocometoseemeonpurposeonSunday,_____Idoubtverymuch.Thereisalakenearourschoolyard,_____depthisoutofyourexpectation.--Doyouhaveanythinginmind_____you’dlikeforsupper?--Well,anythingisOkforme.5.Thehousein_______heusedtolivehasturnedintoalibrary.aswhichwhosethatwhich=thelake’s6.Studentsinourschool,mostof_____arefromthesouthofChina,enjoyriceverymuch.7.Canyouthinkofasituation______thisidiomisused?8.____isoftenthecase,teachersinourschoolusuallyreturntoschoolonSundayevenings.9.Whichistheroad_____leadstothevillage______youwereborn?10.ThenewcomerisfromJiangxi,_____Icantellfromhisaccent.whomwhereAsthatwherewhich=inwhich1).a.Isawsometrees,andtheleavesof_______wereblackwithdisease.b.Isawsometrees,theleavesof______wereblackwithdisease.2).a.Theprofessorisalittleman,onthenoseof______thereisapairofglasses.b.Theprofessorisalittleman,andonthenoseof______thereisapairofglasses解题点拨:是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。　　　　themwhomwhichhim____考点—易混句型1.定语从句与并列句1).a.Thenews________ourvolleyballteamwonthematchmadeusexcited.　b.Thenews__________hetoldmeyesterdayisexciting.2).a.Imadeapromise______ifanyonesetmefree,Iwouldmakehimveryrich.b.Themothermadeapromise___________pleasedallherchildren.that(that/which)that/whichthat解题点拨：that引导的定语从句是对其先行词的修饰或限制；在句中作成份(作宾语省略),指物时可用which代替；而同位语从句是对前面名词的说明和解释。that在从句中仅起连接作用,不充当成份，不能省略,不能用which代替。２.定语从句与同位语从句1)a.Itisinthisroom______Ilivedlastyear.b.Itistheroom_______Ilivedlastyear.2)a.Itwasatseveno’clock______hewenttoschoolthismorning.b.Itwasseveno’clock_______hewenttoschoolthismorning.解题点拨：强调句型：Itis/was+被强调的成份+that/who+其它部分;去掉Itis/was….that/who…,句子照样成立;而定语从句的引导词在句中要作成份。thatwherethatwhen３.定语从句与强调句典型陷阱题详解1.Thefactorywasbuiltinasecretplace,around_________highmountains.A.whichwasB.itwasC.whichwereD.themwere【陷阱】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的which和it误认为是其后句子的主语。【 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 】最佳答案是C，aroundwhichwerehighmountains是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是highmountains，aroundwhich是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数was。2.Amanwithableedinghandhurriedinandasked,“Isthereahospitalaround_________Icangetsomemedicineformywoundedhand?”A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what【陷阱】容易误选B，认为around是介词，选which用以代替前面的名词hospital，在此用作介词around的宾语。【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选C的理由是：句中的around不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的where引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？3.Davidissuchagoodboy_________alltheteacherslike.A.thatB.whoC.asD.whom【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的that，便认为这是考查such…that…句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such…that…(如此……以至……)结构中，that引导的是结果状语从句，并且that在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入such…that…，句末的动词like缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词boy，同时as在定语从句中用作动词like的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的that视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到such的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词as来引导，而不用that。Davidissuchagoodboy_________alltheteacherslikehim.A.thatB.whoC.asD.whomA5.Hehadalotoffriends,onlyafewof_________invitedtohiswedding.A.whomB.themC.whichD.who【陷阱】容易误选A，认为这是非限制性定语从句【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词invited并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在invited前加上助动词were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A。Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,butnoneof_________werecarriedoutintheirwork.A.whichB.themC.whatD.that答案选B，由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but，使得该句成了一个并列句。Thankyou