UNSV-MAG-2010-290

Issue 290, Vol. 2010 May 20th, 2010 Executive Editor: CANDY ZHANG http://www.unsv.com U N S V An Elaborate Daily Magazine for English Learners 电子版 TM UNSV.COM英语辅导杂志 Issue 290, Vol. 2010, May 20th, 2010 http://www.unsv.com EDUCATION REPORT – More Efforts Urged to Get and Keep Girls in School Page 1 第一部分、英语阅读理解 EDUCATION REPORT -- More Efforts Urged to Get and Keep Girls in School 配套MP3声音文件下载链接 http://www.unsv.com/voanews/specialenglish/scripts/2010/05/20/0041/ An international conference took place this week in Dakar, Senegal, to find new ways to get and keep girls in school. The United Nations Children's Fund says nearly seventy-two million children were not in school in two thousand seven. More than half are girls, and more than two-thirds are in sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and West Asia. School attendance has improved in many areas. But the head of UNICEF, Anthony Lake, says: ANTHONY LAKE: "Unless we all work harder, there may still be fifty-six million children out of school in two thousand fifteen." He says progress and economic development depend on educating girls as well as boys. Educated girls are also at lower risk of violence, abuse and diseases like H.I.V./AIDS. The U.N. Girls' Education Initiative organized the meeting of two hundred scholars, aid workers and government officials from twenty-two countries. The initiative was launched in Dakar ten years ago. The aim is to bring primary school education to all girls and boys worldwide by two thousand fifteen. In Senegal, the number of public schools has doubled in the last ten years. But 学习建议：请在笔记本里记下阅读过程中遇到的生词，以及无法理解的短语和句子。文 章阅读完后，带着遇到的问题参考后面的词汇句型讲解和英汉翻译对照。之后的几天， 多抽时间复习留在笔记本里的生词和问题，并阅读文章，以最大化巩固学习成果。 UNSV.COM英语辅导杂志 Issue 290, Vol. 2010, May 20th, 2010 http://www.unsv.com EDUCATION REPORT – More Efforts Urged to Get and Keep Girls in School Page 2 UNICEF's Anthony Lake said schools still lack gender equality. He said girls in one Dakar school told him about a lack of bathrooms and textbooks for them, and bullying from boys. The conference centered on three main problems to getting and keeping girls in school: violence, poverty and poor quality education. Ann-Therese Ndong-Jatta is education director for UNESCO in Africa. She says donors are pumping in a lot of resources and civil society groups are working on access to education. ANN-THERESE NDONG-JATTA: "But the truth is, seventy-five percent of the children fail." The UNESCO official says schools need to modernize and improve what they teach and how they teach it. For example, she says schools should teach African children in their native languages, not simply in English or French. To stay in school, experts say children must consider their education useful -- and so must their parents. May Rihani from the Global Advisory Committee of the U.N. girls' initiative gave an example from a "life skills" program in Mali. One lesson is about diarrhea. The idea is for children to go tell their mother what they learned. May Rihani says: "The mother would recognize that this education is important to her and to her family and would want the child to continue to go to school." UNSV.COM英语辅导杂志 Issue 290, Vol. 2010, May 20th, 2010 http://www.unsv.com EDUCATION REPORT – More Efforts Urged to Get and Keep Girls in School Page 3 第二部分、英语词汇句型 『符号说明』在以下词汇讲解中 noun 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示名词，verb 表示动词，adj 表示形容词，adv 表示副词，pron表示代词。[C]表示名词是可数的，[U]表示名词是不可数的。Oxford表示 词汇解释引用自《牛津高阶英语词典》。Longman 表示词汇解释引用自引《朗文高阶美语 词典》。e.g.表示例句。 fund【 】– noun. [C] 基金会 Longman> an organization that is responsible for collecting and spending money for a particular purpose e.g.> World Wildlife Fund (WWF) 世界野生动物基金会 International Monetary Fund (IMF) 国际货币基金组织 【一词多义】fund – noun. [C] 资金 Longman> an amount of money that is collected and kept for a particular purpose e.g.> government funds 政府资金 They are raising funds for a new laboratory. 他们正在筹集资金建一个新的实验室。 【词性变化】fund – verb. 资助，拨款 Longman> to provide money for an activity, organization, event etc e.g.> privately funded research 私人资助的研究 The government is funding another unemployment scheme. 政府正为处理失业问题的另一计划拨款。 【词缀讲解】sub- - 以南的 Longman> further south than another place e.g.> sub-Saharan Africa 撒哈拉沙漠以南非洲 【一词多义】前缀“sub”还可以表示多种含义： 1. 下面，底下 e.g.> subsoil 底土/ subway 地铁 2. 进一步，再次 e.g.> sublet 转租/ subdivide 再分 3. 分，分支 e.g.> subspecies 亚种/ subregion 分区 4. 下级，次要，从属 e.g.> subplot 次要情节/ subeditor 助理编辑 5. 次于，近于 e.g.> suberect 接近垂直的/ subtropical 亚热带 学习建议：学习生词词义解释时，不仅要看中文解释，还要尽可能多看英文解释，这将 帮助你更好地理解词汇的真正意境。学习生词例句和句型例句时，最好能模仿着造出跟 学习、工作、生活相关的例句，给自己创造学以致用的机会。 UNSV.COM英语辅导杂志 Issue 290, Vol. 2010, May 20th, 2010 http://www.unsv.com EDUCATION REPORT – More Efforts Urged to Get and Keep Girls in School Page 4 【知识百科】United Nations Children's Fund 联合国儿童基金会 联合国儿童基金会（简称 UNICEF，源于旧称联合国国 际儿童紧急救援基金会 United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund），于 1946年 12月 11日 在联合国大会上成立，总部设在美国纽约。联合国儿童基金会相信抚养和关爱儿童是人类 发展的基石。联合国儿童基金会就是为了实现这一目的而创立的，与其他机构协力克服贫 困、暴力、疾病和歧视给儿童成长之路带来的障碍。联合国儿童基金会认为我们能够携手 推进这一人道主义事业。该机构于 1965 年获得了诺贝尔和平奖。（网址： http://www.unicef.org） 【知识百科】sub-Saharan Africa 撒哈拉沙漠以南非洲 撒哈拉以南非洲是指撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲地区，又称亚撒哈拉地区、下 撒哈拉、黑非洲（Negro Africa）、漠南非洲。皆有强烈的政治划分意涵。 本地区面积约 2,430 万平方公里。从公元前三千多年起，撒哈拉沙漠以 其人烟稀疏与天候恶劣，一直成为北非及本地区间的天然障碍，唯有苏丹 境内的一段尼罗河可以交通。 attendance【 】– noun. [C, U] 出席，出勤 Longman> the act of going to a meeting, class etc. that is held regularly e.g.> They're expecting a large attendance at the meeting. 他们希望有很多人出席这次会议 Attendance at school is demanded by law. 法律规定儿童必须上学。 【固定词组】school attendance 就学，入学 e.g.> School attendance has improved in many areas. 就学率在很多地区都有所提高。 In 1998, the primary school attendance rate for girls across the country rose from 15 percent in 1949 to 98.86 percent, basically guaranteeing the right of girls to receive compulsory education. 1998年，全国小学女童入学率已由 1949年的 15%提高到 98.86%， 基本上保障了女童接受义务教育的权利。 【动词短语】depend on 取决于 Longman> if sth depends on sth else, it is directly affected or decided by that thing e.g.> Whether the game will be played depends on the weather 比赛是否举行要取决于天气。 The development of things depends fundamentally on internal causes 事物的发展基本上取决于内因。 【一词多义】depend on 依赖 Longman> to need the help or support of someone or something else in order to exist, be successful, be healthy etc.: e.g.> All living things depend on the sun for their growth. 万物生长都依赖太阳。 In his town the population depends on agriculture and transgenic crops. 他镇子里的人依赖于农业和转基因作物。 UNSV.COM英语辅导杂志 Issue 290, Vol. 2010, May 20th, 2010 http://www.unsv.com EDUCATION REPORT – More Efforts Urged to Get and Keep Girls in School Page 5 abuse【 】– noun. [U] 虐待 Longman> cruel or violent treatment of sb, especially by sb in a position of authority e.g.> child abuse 虐待儿童 / the abuse of the elderly 虐待老人 Many children suffer racial abuse at school. 许多孩子在学校受到种族虐待。 initiative【 】– noun. [C] 计划 Longman> an important new plan or process that has been started in order to achieve a particular aim or to solve a particular problem e.g.> U.N. Girls' Education Initiative 联合国女童教育计划 a government initiative to help exporters 帮助出口商的政府计划 scholar【 】– noun. [C] 学者 Longman> someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, especially one that is not a science subject e.g.> My tutor is an accomplished scholar. 我的导师是一位学识渊博的学者。 The greatest scholar cannot solve this difficult problem. 再伟大的学者也没有办法解答这个难题吧。 【一词多义】scholar – noun. [C] 奖学金获得者 Longman> sb who has been given a scholarship to study at a college or university e.g.> a Rhodes scholar 罗兹奖学金获得者 a British Council scholar 获英国文化协会奖学金的学生 primary school – noun. [C] 小学（近义词 elementary school） Longman> a school in the U.S. that is typically for the first six years of a child's education e.g.> Sure! We are friends since primary school. 当然，我们从小学就是朋友了。 public school – noun. [C] 公立学校 Longman> a free local school that any child can go to, which is controlled and paid for by the government e.g.> In Senegal, the number of public schools has doubled in the last ten years. 在过去十年里，塞内加尔的公立学校数量翻倍。 double【 】– verb. 翻倍，增加一倍 Longman> to become twice as large or twice as much, or to make something twice as large or twice as much e.g.> The child birthrate in that area has doubled. 该地区的婴儿出生率已经增加了一倍。 The price of houses has virtually doubled over the past few years. 房价这几年来简直涨了一倍。 lack【 】– verb. 缺少，缺乏 Longman> to not have something, or to not have enough of it e.g.> lack creativity缺乏创造性 / lack courage缺乏勇气 Kevin lacks confidence. 凯文缺乏信心。 UNSV.COM英语辅导杂志 Issue 290, Vol. 2010, May 20th, 2010 http://www.unsv.com EDUCATION REPORT – More Efforts Urged to Get and Keep Girls in School Page 6 【一词多义】lack – noun. [U] （单数形式）缺少，缺乏 Longman> the state of not having something, or of not having enough of it e.g.> Her decision seems to show a lack of political judgment. 她的决定似乎显示出缺乏政治判断力。 The accused got off scot-free because of lack of evidence. 由于证据不足，被告未受惩罚。 gender【 】– noun. [C, U] 性别 Longman> the fact of being male or female e.g.> traditional gender roles 传统的性别角色 The male and female genders are equal. 男性和女性是平等的。 【一词多义】gender – noun. [U] （语法中的）性 Longman> a category such as masculine, feminine, or neuter into which words are divided in some languages e.g.> There are three genders in German: masculine, feminine and neuter. 德语中有三性：阳性、阴性和中性。 In French the adjective must agree with the noun in number and gender. 法语中形容词必须在数和性上与名词一致 【词语辨析】gender & sex 这两词都可以表示“性别”，“gender”更偏重于社会属性，“sex”则是自然属性。一般我 们填写 表格 关于规范使用各类表格的通知入职表格免费下载关于主播时间做一个表格详细英语字母大小写表格下载简历表格模板下载 时，所用的性别一栏应为“gender”。 equality【 】– noun. [U] 平等（反义词 inequality） Longman> the state of having the same rights, opportunities etc. as everyone else ; OPP inequality e.g.> equality between men and women 男女平等 I do not believe in equality of capacity, but I do believe in equality of opportunity. 我不相信能力均等，但我确实相信机会均等。 【固定词组】center on/upon 围绕，集中 Longman> if an event or activity centers on something, that is the thing that people pay the most attention to e.g.> The debate centered on the morality of abortion. 这次辩论围绕堕胎的道德论展开。 His whole attention was centered on this matter. 他的全部注意力都集中在此事上。 【知识百科】UNESCO 联合国教科文组织 联合国教育、科学及文化组织，简称联合国教科文组织，成立 于 1945年 11月 16日，是联合国的一个专门机构，其总部设在 法国巴黎。组织之宗旨在于通过教育、科学及文化来促进各国 间之合作，对和平与安全作出贡献，以增进对正义、法治及联 合国宪章所确认之世界人民不分种族、性别、语言或宗教均享 人权与基本自由之普遍尊重。联合国教科文组织同时也负责管 理世界遗产。（网址：http://www.unesco.org） UNSV.COM英语辅导杂志 Issue 290, Vol. 2010, May 20th, 2010 http://www.unsv.com EDUCATION REPORT – More Efforts Urged to Get and Keep Girls in School Page 7 donor【 】– noun. [C] 募捐者 Longman> a person, group etc. that gives sth, especially money, to help an organization e.g.> The museum received $10,000 from an anonymous donor. 博物馆收到一位匿名募捐者 1万美元的捐款。 【一词多义】donor – noun. [C] （血液、器官等）捐献者 Longman> someone who gives some of their blood or part of their body to be used for medical purposes e.g.> a blood donor 献血者 Finding a liver donor may be difficult. 找到肝脏捐赠者可能很困难。 pump【 】– verb. 投入 Longman> to spend money on something such as a business, industry, or economy e.g.> Huge amounts of money are being pumped into research. 巨额资金被投入到研究当中。 modernize【 】– verb. 使现代化 Longman> if something modernizes or you modernize it, it begins to use modern methods and equipment instead of older ones e.g.> a fully modernized shop 十分现代化的商店 If the manufacturing doesn't modernize it will not survive. 如果制造业不进行现代化就不能继续存在。 advisory【 】– adj. 咨询的，顾问的 Longman> having the purpose of giving advice e.g.> the Environmental Protection Advisory Committee 环境保护咨询委员会 He participated in the conference in an advisory capacity. 他以顾问资格参加了会议。 UNSV.COM英语辅导杂志 Issue 290, Vol. 2010, May 20th, 2010 http://www.unsv.com EDUCATION REPORT – More Efforts Urged to Get and Keep Girls in School Page 8 第三部分、英汉翻译对照 EDUCATION REPORT - More Efforts Urged to Get and Keep Girls in School 教育报道——呼吁加大力度让女孩上学并减少辍学 An international conference took place this week in Dakar, Senegal, to find new ways to get and keep girls in school. The United Nations Children's Fund says nearly seventy-two million children were not in school in two thousand seven. More than half are girls, and more than two-thirds are in sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and West Asia. School attendance has improved in many areas. But the head of UNICEF, Anthony Lake, says: ANTHONY LAKE: "Unless we all work harder, there may still be fifty-six million children out of school in two thousand fifteen." He says progress and economic development depend on educating girls as well as boys. Educated girls are also at lower risk of violence, abuse and diseases like H.I.V./AIDS. The U.N. Girls' Education Initiative organized the meeting of two hundred scholars, aid workers and government officials from twenty-two countries. The initiative was launched in Dakar ten years ago. The aim is to bring primary school education to all girls and boys worldwide by two thousand fifteen. 本周，在塞内加尔首都达喀尔召开了一次 国际会议，目的是寻找新的方法让女孩能 够上学并减少辍学。 联合国儿童基金会表示，2007 年有将近 7200万儿童没有上学。一半以上是女孩， 三分之二以上是在撒哈拉沙漠以南的非 洲地区、南亚和西亚。 就学率在很多地区都有所提高，但联合国 儿童基金会执行主任安东尼·雷克说： 安东尼·雷克：“除非我们所有人都更加 努力，不然到 2015 年，将仍有 5600 万 儿童不能上学。” 他表示，（社会）进步和经济发展取决于 对女孩以及男孩的教育。受过教育的女孩 受到暴力、虐待和感染诸如艾滋病等疾病 的风险更低。 “联合国女童教育计划”主办了这次大 会，来自 22个国家的 200位学者，援助 人员和政府官员参加了会议。该计划于十 年前在达喀尔起动，目的是在 2015 年前 让全世界的所有女孩和男孩都能接受小 学教育。 学习建议：在看下面的译文之前，建议做英汉翻译练习。你可以试将左侧的英文译为中 文，训练英译汉能力。或者将右侧的中文译为英文，训练汉译英能力。在做翻译练习时， 为避免不小心看到“ 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 ”，建议将左侧英文（或右侧中文）单独拷贝出来，粘贴到一个 新建的Word文档里。做完练习后再参考下面的 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 翻译对照，并查找总结问题。 UNSV.COM英语辅导杂志 Issue 290, Vol. 2010, May 20th, 2010 http://www.unsv.com EDUCATION REPORT – More Efforts Urged to Get and Keep Girls in School Page 9 In Senegal, the number of public schools has doubled in the last ten years. But UNICEF's Anthony Lake said schools still lack gender equality. He said girls in one Dakar school told him about a lack of bathrooms and textbooks for them, and bullying from boys. The conference centered on three main problems to getting and keeping girls in school: violence, poverty and poor quality education. Ann-Therese Ndong-Jatta is education director for UNESCO in Africa. She says donors are pumping in a lot of resources and civil society groups are working on access to education. ANN-THERESE NDONG-JATTA: "But the truth is, seventy-five percent of the children fail." The UNESCO official says schools need to modernize and improve what they teach and how they teach it. For example, she says schools should teach African children in their native languages, not simply in English or French. To stay in school, experts say children must consider their education useful -- and so must their parents. May Rihani from the Global Advisory Committee of the U.N. girls' initiative gave an example from a "life skills" program in Mali. One lesson is about diarrhea. The idea is for children to go tell their mother what they learned. May Rihani says: "The mother would recognize that this education is important to her and to her family and would want the child to continue to go to school." 在过去十年里，塞内加尔的公立学校数量 翻倍。但联合国儿童基金会的安东尼·雷 克表示，这些学校仍缺乏性别平等。他说， 达喀尔一所学校的女孩子们告诉他，学校 没有给她们卫生间和课本，而且男孩经常 欺负她们。 大会围绕暴力、贫穷和教育质量低下这三 大阻止女孩上学的问题展开讨论。 Ann-Therese Ndong-Jatta是联合国教科 文组织非洲地区教育办事处主任。她表 示，募捐者正投入大量资源，民间社团组 织也正在致力让孩子们接受教育。 Ann-Therese Ndong-Jatta：“但事实是， 仍有 75%的儿童不能上学。” 这位联合国教科文组织官员表示，学校需 要进行现代化改革，改善教学 内容 财务内部控制制度的内容财务内部控制制度的内容人员招聘与配置的内容项目成本控制的内容消防安全演练内容 和教学 方法。她说，比如学校应该用非洲儿童的 母语给他们授课，而不仅是英语或法语。 专家表示，孩子们必须要认为自己所受的 教育有用才会留在学校，他们的父母也必 须要这样认为。“联合国女童教育计划” 全球咨询委员会的May Rihani举出马里 “生活技能”课程的一个例子。 有一课是关于痢疾的，课程思想是让孩子 们去告诉他们的母亲自己学到了什么。 May Rihani表示：“这样母亲就会意识到 教育对她和她的家庭来说都很重要，那么 她就会希望她的孩子能继续上学。”