英语四级冲刺710---兰州交通大学英语四级讲义

兰州交通大学外国语学院英语四级讲义 整理人：孟达 QQ：644078700 单词的重考率极高，比如：available（四级最爱） constrain（六级永陪词汇） 长得像的选项有一个是 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 [P56-24]Young people are not _______ to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in.A) conservative B) content C) confident D) generous 注：押头韵去除D。 [P56-29]By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have _______ opportunity to change his mind.A) accurate B) urgent C) excessive D) adequate 注：押尾韵去除C。 摸底[P56-Unit 17] 21. As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to _______it. A) postpone B) refuse C) delay D) cancel 注：postpone 推迟 refuse 拒绝 delay 推迟，拖延 cancel 取消 22. These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you _______ you need. A) all the information B) all the informationsC) all of information D) all of the informations 注：1. information 不可数名词 2. all of 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示of 中的全部，所以后面名词一定要有明确的范围，必须加以限定。而all 没有这个要求。 23. Not until the game had begun _______ at the sports ground. A) had he arrived B) would he have arrived C) did he arrive D) should he have arrived 注：1. not until 句型 2. 过去完成时与一般过去时成对使用 24. Young people are not _______ to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in.A) conservative B) content C) confident D) generous 注：conservative 保守的 content 满足；内容 confident 自信的 generous 慷慨的 25. Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is _______.A) granted B) implied C) exaggerated D) remedied 注：exaggerated 夸大的 26. These surveys indicate that many crimes go _______ by the police, mainly because not all victims report them.A) unrecorded B) to be unrecorded C) unrecording D) to have been unrecorded 27. I have no objection _______ your story again. A) to hear B) to hearing C) to having heard D) to have heard 注：object to doing 反对。其中 to为介词。动词跟介词，则相应的名词形式也跟介词 28. The clothes a person wears may express his _______ or social position. A) curiosity B) status C) determination D) significance 注：status 地位，身份 29. By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have _______ opportunity to change his mind .A) accurate B) urgent C) excessive D) adequate 注：adequate 足够的 30. You will see this product _______ wherever you go. A) to be advertised B) advertised C) advertise D) advertising 31. The early pioneers had to _______ many hardships to settle on the new land. A) go along with B) go back on C) go through D) go into 注：1. go through 经历困难而完成 congratulation（对新郎）best wishes（对新娘） 2. go along with 陪伴 3. go back on 违背，背弃 4. go into 谈论，谈及 32. The suggestion that the mayor _______ they prizes was accepted by everyone. A) would present B) present C) presents D) ought to present注：should 省略虚拟 33. Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, _______ overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women. A) whose B) which C) that D) what 34. Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested _______ at the next town. A) to stop B) stopping C) stop D) having stopped注：suggest doing 建议做... 35. I didn't know the word. I had to _______ a dictionary. A) look out B) make out C) refer to D) go over注：refer to 查字典 36. The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _______ his arguments in favour of the new theory.A) to be based on B) to base on C) which to base on D) on which to base 注：on which to do 介词+which+to do 结构相当于定语从句 37. There are signs _______ restaurants are becoming more popular with families. A) that B) which C) in which D) whose 注：同位语从句 38. I think I was at school, _______ I was staying with a friend during the vacation when I heard the news. A) or else B) and then C) or so D) even so 注：or else 否则要不然 39. It is said that the math teacher seems _______ towards bright students. A) partial B) beneficial C) preferable D) liable注：partial 偏袒的 40. In order to show his boss what a careful worker he was, he took _______ trouble over the figures.A) extensive B) spare C) extra D) supreme注：extra 额外的 41. --"May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five o'clock tonight?" --"I'm sorry. M. Williams _______ to a conference long before then." A) will have gone B) had gone C) would have gone D) has gone 注：主考时态：将来完成时，过去完成时 42. You _______ him so closely; you should have kept your distance. A) shouldn't follow B) mustn't follow C) couldn't have been following D) shouldn't have been following 注：本不应该 43. The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, _______ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities. A) have allowed B) allow C) allowing D) allows 注：主谓一致，复杂主语中心词是growth，谓语动词用单数。 44. Everybody _______ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary. A) assembled B) accumulated C) piled D) joined 注：assemble （人群的）聚集 45. Putting in a new window will _______ cutting away part of the roof. A) include B) involve C) containD) comprise注：involve doing = need doing 需要 46. Living in the western part of the country has its problems, _______ obtaining fresh water is not the least.A) with which B) for which C) of whichD) which注：of which 其中 47. In the _______ of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to $30 million.A) face B) time C) even tD) course 注：in the event of 万一 48. The manager would rather his daughter _______ in the same office. A) had not worked B) not to work C) does not work D) did not work 注：would rather 加一般过去时表示虚拟。 49. _______, he does get annoyed with her sometimes. A) Although much he likes her B) Much although he likes her C) As he likes her much D) Much as he likes her 50. The British constitution is _______ a large extent a product of the historical events described above. A) within B) to C) by D) at 单词记忆举例： Ivy 常春藤 gazelle 瞪羚vigor 精力naive 天真的quaint 古怪的 acquaint 使熟悉 背单词的方法： 1、​ 谐音联想记忆法： ambition 野心 ambitious野心勃勃的 ponderous沉重的，笨重的 sneer嘲笑,讥笑 exhaust 使精疲力尽 nuisance 讨厌的人 bruise 瘀伤brutal 残忍的curse 诅咒 2、近形对照法： adapt 适应；adopt 采纳；收养adept 有技巧的；熟练的 coast 海岸线（ocean 海洋）; roast 烧，烤; boast 吹嘘; toast 干杯 2、​ 形象联想法： look 看；loom 若隐若现；liberty 自由；blush 脸红；amorous 好色的；morose 郁闷的；mortal 必死的；mental 智力的，精神的 记忆类型：1、视觉型：不断的重复 2、听觉型：自己录自己的讲解，不断的听 3、混合型：记情节，细节 爱情三部曲I：apply 申请 approve 批准 appreciate 感激 attention 注意attract 吸引 arrange 安排 appointment 约会 [P52-42]Niagara Falls is a great tourist ______, drawing millions of visitors every year. A) attention B) attraction C) appointment D) arrangement 注：tourist attraction 旅游胜地 [P52-70]Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply ______. A) appreciated B) approved C) appealed D) applied 注：appeal 上诉 subject to 屈从于，使服从 summit 峰会 高频成为答案词汇： 爱情三部曲 apply 申请 approve 批准 appreciate 感激 attention 注意 attract 吸引 arrange 安排 appointment 约会 engagement 约会 in that = because now that = since regardless of 不管，不顾 in terms of 根据 object to 反对（to为介词） bargain v. 讨价还价；n. 便宜货 pace 节奏 available 可获得的，可得到的 （Are you available? 你是否有时间？） [P1-42]There were no tickets ______ for Friday’s performance. A) preferable B) considerable C) possible D) available 注：1. preferable 喜欢的，更好的 2. considerable 相当多的，大量的； considerate 体贴的，体谅的，考虑周到的 [P3-62]______ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work. A) For now B) Now that C) Ever since D) By now [P5-48]The match was cancelled because most of the members ______ a match without a standard court. A) objected to having B) were objected to have C) objected to have D) were objected to having 注：objected to doing [P6-56]Many people complain of the rapid ______ of modern life. A) rate B) speed C) pace D) growth [P13-58]Liquids are like solids ______ they have a definite volume. A) with that B) for that C) in that D) at that [P15-34]Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to, ____ the color of his skin .A) regardless of B) in the light of C) by virtue of D) with the exception of 注：1. in the light of 根据 2. by virtue of 借助于，依靠，由于 3. with the exception of 除了 [P17-57]______ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.A) For B) Since C) Now D) Despite [P23-59]He decided to make further improvements on the computer’s design _________ the light of the requirements of customers. A) an B) for C) in D) with [P27-43]It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and _________ knowledge.A) extensive B) expansive C) intensive D) expensive 注：通过押头韵排除C，通过押尾韵排除B 重要的词性： 1、动词和名词：名词是动作的发出者或承受者。 2、形容词和名词：形容词修饰名词。 I love a beautiful girl. 3、副词：副词修饰形容词；副词修饰动词；副词修饰副词。 I love a very beautiful girl. I always love a very beautiful girl. Not surprisingly, I always love a very beautiful girl. 猪八戒的五大特征： 1. vigorous 精力充沛的 2. glimpse 一瞥 love at the first glimpse 一见钟情 view 风景（不可数） a room with view《看得见风景的房间》；视野 come into view 走进视野 glance 一瞥 gaze 凝视，尤指感兴趣的看（gazelle 瞪羚） peep 偷窥 3. considerate 体贴的； considerable 相当多的，大量的； 4. consistent 一致的，和谐的； 5. be liable for 对……负责 动词：谓语动词有且只有一个。如果再出现动词只能以非谓语形式存在：-ing, -ed, to do To get a high score, we have to study hard. I came in, followed by two dogs. Seeing is believing. 口诀： 谓语非谓经常混 谓语句中就一个 其余动词非谓语 非谓形式有三种 -ing, -ed 和to do 现在分词表主动 过去分词表被动 目的要用不定式 主宾要用动名词 一、谓语动词常考点：时态、语态、情态、倒装、主谓一致 二、谓语动词的时态（共有16 种）： 时间：过去、现在、将来、过将（虚拟） 状态：一般、进行、完成、完成进行 三、四级考试中主要考的三个时态：过去完成时、将来完成时、完成进行时 1、过去完成时：到过去某个点为止所完成的动作；在过去发生了两个动作，先过去完成时后一般过去时。 过去完成时与一般过去时常常成对出现。 [P2-53]We _________ our breakfast when an old man came to the door. A) just have had B) have just had C) just had D) had just had [P28-25]Before the first non-stop flight made in 1949, it _________ necessary for all planes to land for refueling. A) would be B) has been C) had been D) would have been 注：时态题，A和D是虚拟语气，应排除。过去完成时所以选C。 A thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of wax, found on his clothes, _______ from the sort of candles used only in churches. A) had come B) coming C) come D) that came 注：1. because 从句缺谓语 2. 两个逗号中间的found on his clothes 是插入成分 William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, _______ defended the right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion. A) peculiarly B) indifferently C) vigorously D) inevitably 注：1. peculiarly 奇怪地 2. indifferently 冷漠地 3. inevitably 不可避免地 Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful _______ in the marker. A) batteries B) bargains C) baskets D) barrels [P56-23]Not until the game had begun_______ at the sports ground. A) had he arrived B) would he have arrived C) did he arrive D) should he have arrived 注：Not until 连词，标明从句。主句倒装，从句不倒装。 Not until the vacation had begun did I pay tuition. Not until I had met Lily did I realize the importance of English. Not until I had met Lily did I realize that learning English is so easy. 2、将来完成时：到将来某个点为止所完成的动作。 We'll have learned 3000 words by the end of this year. by then 到那个时候 [P8-45]By the end of this month, we surely _________ a satisfactory solution to the problem.A) have found B) will be finding C) will have found D) are finding [P8-49]Not _________, the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to culture.A) obviously B) surprisingly C) particularly D) normally [P26-39] It’s reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _________ by about 10%.A) will have risen B) has risen C) will be rising D) has been rising 注：rise to 上升到 rise by 上升了 [P54-55]Between 1974 and 1997，the number of overseas visitors expanded ______ 27%.A) by B) for C) to D) in [P54-54]It is our ______ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means.A) consistent B) continuous C) considerate D) continual 注：continuous 连续不断的 considerate 体贴的 continual 时断时续的，断断续续的 [P54-56]Although many people view conflict as bad, conflict is sometimes useful ______ it forces people to test the relative merits of their attitudes are behaviors. A) by which B) to which C) in that D) so that 注：in that 因为 [P26-34]We gave out a cheer when the red roof of the cottage came _________ view. A) from B) in C) before D) into [P25-29]Although I like the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful _________ through the window. A) vision B) look C) picture D) view [P24-66]I have no objection _________ the evening with them. A) to spend B) to spending C) of spending D) spending [P43-47]My train arrives in New York at eight o’clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _________ by then. A) would leave B) will have left C) has left D) had left 注：时间状语从句，条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。 [P43-51]All flights _________ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train. A) had been canceled B) have been canceled C) were canceled D) having been canceled 注：because of 介词，此句为单句，谓语动词有一个，所以选非谓语动词。独立主格 [P43-53]Remember that customers don’t _________ about prices in that city. A) debate B) consult C) dispute D) bargain 注：1. bargain 讨价还价 2. debate 辩论，争论 3. consult 咨询4. dispute 辩论,争吵 dispute over [P45-42]By the end of the year all but two people _________. A) have left B) will leave C) will be leaving D) will have left [P45-70]Our journey was slow because the train stopped _________ at different villages .A) unceasingly B) gradually C) continuously D) continually 注：1. journey 旅行2. unceasingly 不停地，连续不断地3. gradually 逐渐地 4. continuously 连续不断地 5. continually 时断时续地，断断续续地 [P44-58]These two areas are similar _________ they both have a high rainfall during this season. A) to that B) besides that C) in that D) except that [P66-41]By the time you get to New York, I ______ for London. A) would be leaving B) am leaving C) have already left D) shall have left [P63-31]By the time he arrives in Beijing, we ______ here for two days. A) will have stayed B) shall stay C) have been staying D) have stayed 3、完成进行时：更加强调时间性。 现在完成进行时为例：They have been standing there for 3 days. [P16-45]It seems oil _________ from this pipe for some time. We’ll have to take the machine apart to put it right. A) had leaked B) has been leaking C) leaked D) is leaking 非谓语动词三大类：分词、动名词、不定式 分词常考题型：做状语、做定语 分词作状语形式： ，主谓宾 不管谓语和宾语，只看主语能不能做这件事。 分词作状语题型，不定式不是答案。 永远不是答案的形式：having +v-ed, been+ v-ed, be+ v-ed 过去分词强调被动状态，现在分词强调主动进行。 例：_____, I am listening to the music. A)​ Standing by Mr. LiuB) Stood by Mr.Liu 注：看主语能不能发出这个动作，还是动作的承受者来选择是-ing还是-ed [P11-43] No matter how frequently ___, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.A) performed B) performing C) to be performed D) being performed 注：“空格+逗号+主谓宾”表示分词作状语。 现在分词的常见形式： 1. 一般式：v-ing 与谓语动词同步发生。 2. being+ v-ed 表示正在被做。 3. having +ed 表示动作发生谓语动词之前。（在四级考试中不是正确答案） Having destroyed their house, they lived in a cave [P29-22] ___ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth. A) Having believed B) Believing C) Believed D) Being believed 注：分词作状语题型。 [P57-68] ___ in this way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing. A) To look at B) Looking at C) Looked at D) To be looked at 注：分词作状语题型，A和D选项首先排除，situation和look是被动关系，所以选C [P57-69] A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen. They are a thorough ______ . A) nuisance B) trouble C) worry D) anxiety 注：nuisance 讨厌的人 单词记忆： exhaust 使精疲力尽 sting 蜇，咬 bruise 瘀伤 black and blue 青一块，紫一块，遍体鳞伤的 brutal 残忍的 kagroo 袋鼠 cougar 美洲狮 ignore 忽视 ignorant 无知的 ignorance 无知 ambition 雄心，野心 sneer 轻视，蔑视 独立主格结构：1、名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词 2、在句中作状语 3、分词的一种，也有分词的几种事时态 4、with/ without复合结构 P41-49] All things _________, the planned trip will have to be called off. A) considered B) be considered C) considering D) having considered 注：分词题型中 having +ed 都不要考虑 P6-58]The speaker, _________ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience .A) having known B) being known C) knowing D) known 注：having + v-ed做定语和状语都不会是答案 [P22-44]Homework _________ on time will lead to better grades. A) done B) be done C) having done D) to have been done [P22-45]The speech _________, a lively discussion started. A) being delivered B) was delivered C) be delivered D) having been delivered 注：1. 考的是过去式独立主格结构。 2. 按时间顺序，先讲座后讨论，所以选D。 [P37-36]As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town _____ 50 households or more. A) having B) to have C) to have had D) having had [P44-48]The speech which he made _____ the project has bothered me greatly. A) being concerned B) concerned C) be concerned D) concerning 注：1. which he made定语从句本身不是划线的内容的话，可以将其去掉不考虑。 2. concerning 为介词，关于。相当于 about/ over（国外常用）； concerning/ as to（国内考试用）。 3. bother 打扰；brother 兄弟 fiend 魔鬼；friend 朋友 动名词：动作性的名词 1、是名词，可作主语和宾语。 2、两种形式：-ing 形式表示主动Seeing is believing；being + v-ed 表被动 being exposed to。 3、前面可有动作的发出者，即带主语（宾格/所有格）I remember him offering. 4、后面可有动作的承受者，即带宾词 Starving troops is necessary. 5、动名词作主语时谓语动词一定要用单数。 6、动名词的否定前面直接加not。 口诀：动名词功能多 能做主能做宾 主动形式-ing 被动形式being done 可带宾可加主 主为宾格所有格 [P8-44] After _________ for the job, you will be required to take a language test. A) being interviewed B) interviewed C) interviewing D) having interviewed 注：介词后缺宾语，应为被动形式。 [P44-45] _________ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for. A) The girl was educated B) The girl educated C) The girl’s being educated D) The girl to be educated 需要接动名词的动词： COMPARE: consider object to mind prevent/ permit avoid risk enjoy MISTAKE: miss imagine suggest tolerate appreciate keep escape [P5-49]The teacher doesn’t permit _________ in class. A) smoke B) to smoke C) smoking D) to have a smoke [P5-51]I appreciate _________ to your home. A) to be invited B) to have invited C) having invited D) being invited [P8-41] Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _______ for her examination. A) to prepare B) to be prepared C) preparing D) being prepared 注：be busy doing [P11-42]Mark often attempts to escape _______ whenever he breaks traffic regulations. A) having been fined B) to have been fined C) being fined D) to be fined [P11-41]I would appreciate ______ it a secret. A) you to keep B) your keeping C) that you keep D) that you will keep [P18-58]The man in the corner confessed to _________ a lie to the manager of the company. A) have told B) having told C) being told D) be told 注：1. to 在这里是介词。（having+v-ed唯一正确的一次） 2. to 作介词的词组：object to, look forward to 等 [P19-48] It’s no use _________me not to worry. A) you tell B) your telling C) for you to have told D) having told 注：固定句型 It's no use doing. 做什么事情是没有用的 [P20-55]They are considering _________before the prices go up. A) of buying the house B) with buying the house C) buying the house D) to buy the house [P20-59]He went ahead _________ all warnings about the danger of his mission. A) in case of B) because of C) regardless of D) prior to 注: 1. go ahead 继续 2. mission 任务 [P20-65] None of the servants were _________ when Mr. smith wanted to send a message. A) available B) approachable C) attainable D) applicable 不定式的常考形式：作定语，作状语 1、作状语表目的 To become a teacher, you must have a master degree. 2、定语表示将要做，分词作定语表示已完成。the surface to be glued （即将被粘好的）/ the surface glued（已经被粘好的） 3、不定式的省略，如 help，使役动词 have，感观动词 see。 口诀：一个感觉 feel 两个听 hear/ listen to 三个让 have/ make/ get/ let（听力中） 四个看 notice/ watch/ observe/ see 半个 help 两均可 被动以后 to 还原 [P19-53]My sister’s professor had her _________ her paper many times before allowing her to present it to the committee. A) rewritten B) to rewrite C) rewrite D) rewriting 注：have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 [P20-54] Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _________ it closely. A) followed B) following C) to follow D) being followed 注：1. 独立主格结构 2. 两个名词之间用-ing形式 3. 自然现象用主动形式 [P28-42]Don’t get your schedule _________; stay with us in this class. A) to change B) changing C) changed D) change [P38-44]They are going to have the technician _________ an electric fan in the office tomorrow. A) install B) to install C) to be installed D) installed 注：1. 主动才能带宾语，have sb. do sth. 结构。 2. technician 技术工人 [P50-67]In Australia the Asians make their influence _________ in businesses large and small. A) felling B) feel C) felt D) to be felt [P50-42]I'm very sorry to have _______ you with so many questions on such an occasion. A) interfered B) offended C) impressed D) bothered 注：1. interfer 干涉，干扰 2. offend 冒犯 3. impress 印象；express 表达 4. bother 打扰 [P51-46]I have heard both teachers and students _______ well of him. A) to speak B) spoken C) to have spoken D) speak [P51-52]William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, _______ defend