576化学成分

Designation: A 576 – 90b (Reapproved 2000) Standard Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 576; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. 1. Scope 1.1 This specification covers hot-wrought special quality carbon steel bars. Special quality bar applications include forging, heat treating, cold drawing, machining, and many structural uses. A guide for the selection of steel bars is contained in Practice A 400. 1.2 The bars shall be furnished in the grades specified in Table 1. Sections and sizes of bar steel available are covered in Specification A 29/A 29M. Hot-wrought special quality carbon steel bars are produced in cut lengths and coils; the manufac- turer should be consulted regarding sections and sizes available in coils, produced to a chemical composition. 1.3 Merchant quality hot-wrought carbon steel bars are covered in Specification A 575. 1.4 Some end uses may require superior surface quality, or special chemical restrictions, metallurgical characteristics, heat treatment, or surface finishes which the purchaser may obtain by designating one or more of the available Supplementary Requirements. 1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: A 29/A 29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought and Cold-Finished, General Requirements for2 A 400 Practice for Steel Bars, Selection Guide, Composi- tion and Mechanical Properties2 A 575 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Merchant Qual- ity, M-Grades2 E 45 Practice for Determining the Inclusion Content of Steel3 E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)4 2.2 SAE Standard: SAE J 1086 Recommended Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)5 3. Ordering Information 3.1 Orders under this specification should include the fol- lowing, as required, to describe adequately the desired mate- rial: 3.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of bars), 3.1.2 Name of material (hot-wrought carbon steel bars), 3.1.3 Dimensions, 3.1.4 ASTM specification number and date of issue, 3.1.5 Deoxidation practice (see 4.2.1), 3.1.6 Grade designation or chemical composition limits (see 5.1 and Table 1), 3.1.7 Coarse or fine grain steel (4.2.2), 3.1.8 Test reports, if required (Section 7), 3.1.9 Additions to the specification and Supplementary Requirements, if required, and 3.1.10 End use. NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: 10 000 lb, carbon steel bars, hot rolled 1 000 in. diameter by 10 ft, ASTM A 576 dated ___, killed steel, Grade 1018, test reports required, coarse grain Supplementary Requirement S10, welded industrial fan hubs and shafts. 4. Materials and Manufacture 4.1 Melting Practice—The steel shall be made by one or more of the following primary processes: open-hearth, basic- oxygen, or electric-furnace. The primary melting may incor- porate separate degassing or refining and may be followed by secondary melting using electroslag remelting or vacuum arc remelting. Where secondary melting is employed, the heat shall be defined as all of the ingots remelted from a single primary heat. 4.2 Deoxidation: 4.2.1 Unless otherwise specified, the steel shall be rimmed, capped, semi-killed, or killed at the manufacturer’s option. 4.2.2 If killed steel is specified, the purchaser may designate that the steel be made to coarse or fine austenitic grain size (see S10 or S11). NOTE 2—Assured coarse grain size is not always possible since certain 1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.15 on Bars. Current edition approved Aug. 31, 1990. Published October 1990. Originally published as A 576–67T. Last previous edition A 576–90a. 2 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05. 3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01. 4 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01. 5 Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096. 1 Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. elements or combination of elements or certain quantities of elements such as manganese, sulfur, and lead tend to produce grain refinement. 4.3 Quality—The bars shall be special quality. 4.4 Hot Forming—The bars shall be hot wrought, as wrought. TABLE 1 Grade Designations and Chemical Requirements of Hot-Wrought Carbon Steel Bars NOTE—Grade designations and compositions correspond to the respective AISI designations and compositions. UNS DesignationA Grade Heat Chemical Ranges and Limits, % Carbon Manganese Phosphorus, max Sulfur, maxB Nonresulfurized Carbon SteelsC,D,E,F,G Low Manganese 1.00 % max or less G10080 1008 0.10 max 0.30–0.50 0.040 0.050 G10100 1010 0.08–0.13 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.050 G10120 1012 0.10–0.15 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.050 G10150 1015 0.13–0.18 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.050 G10160 1016 0.13–0.18 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050 G10170 1017 0.15–0.20 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.050 G10180 1018 0.15–0.20 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050 G10190 1019 0.15–0.20 0.70–1.00 0.040 0.050 G10200 1020 0.18–0.23 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.050 G10210 1021 0.18–0.23 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050 G10220 1022 0.18–0.23 0.70–1.00 0.040 0.050 G10230 1023 0.20–0.25 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.050 G10250 1025 0.22–0.28 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.050 G10260 1026 0.22–0.28 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050 G10290 1029 0.25–0.31 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050 G10300 1030 0.28–0.34 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050 G10350 1035 0.32–0.38 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050 G10370 1037 0.32–0.38 0.70–1.00 0.040 0.050 G10380 1038 0.35–0.42 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050 G10390 1039 0.37–0.44 0.70–1.00 0.040 0.050 G10400 1040 0.37–0.44 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050 G10420 1042 0.40–0.47 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050 G10430 1043 0.40–0.47 0.70–1.00 0.040 0.050 G10440 1044 0.43–0.50 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.050 G10450 1045 0.43–0.50 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050 G10460 1046 0.43–0.50 0.70–1.00 0.040 0.050 G10490 1049 0.46–0.53 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050 G10500 1050 0.48–0.55 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050 G10530 1053 0.48–0.55 0.70–1.00 0.040 0.050 G10550 1055 0.50–0.60 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050 G10600 1060 0.55–0.65 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050 G10700 1070 0.65–0.75 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050 G10780 1078 0.72–0.85 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.050 G10800 1080 0.75–0.88 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050 G10840 1084 0.80–0.93 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050 G10900 1090 0.85–0.98 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.050 G10950 1095 0.90–1.03 0.30–0.50 0.040 0.050 G15130 1513 0.10–0.16 1.10–1.40 0.040 0.050 G15180 1518 0.15–0.21 1.10–1.40 0.040 0.050 G15220 1522 0.18–0.24 1.10–1.40 0.040 0.050 G15240 1524 0.19–0.25 1.35–1.65 0.040 0.050 G15250 1525 0.23–0.29 0.80–1.10 0.040 0.050 G15260 1526 0.22–0.29 1.10–1.40 0.040 0.050 G15270 1527 0.22–0.29 1.20–1.50 0.040 0.050 G15360 1536 0.30–0.37 1.20–1.50 0.040 0.050 G15410 1541 0.36–0.44 1.35–1.65 0.040 0.050 G15470 1547 0.43–0.51 1.35–1.65 0.040 0.050 G15480 1548 0.44–0.52 1.10–1.40 0.040 0.050 G15510 1551 0.45–0.56 0.85–1.15 0.040 0.050 G15520 1552 0.47–0.55 1.20–1.50 0.040 0.050 G15610 1561 0.55–0.65 0.75–1.05 0.040 0.050 G15660 1566 0.60–0.71 0.85–1.15 0.040 0.050 G15720 1572 0.65–0.76 1.00–1.30 0.040 0.050 Resulfurized Carbon SteelsC,E,G G11090 1109 0.08–0.13 0.60–0.90 0.040 0.08–0.13 G11100 1110 0.08–0.13 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.08–0.13 G11160 1116 0.14–0.20 1.10–1.40 0.040 0.16–0.23 G11170 1117 0.14–0.20 1.00–1.30 0.040 0.08–0.13 G11180 1118 0.14–0.20 1.30–1.60 0.040 0.08–0.13 G11190 1119 0.14–0.20 1.00–1.30 0.040 0.24–0.33 G11320 1132 0.27–0.34 1.35–1.65 0.040 0.08–0.13 A 576 – 90b (2000) 2 TABLE 1 Continued UNS DesignationA Grade Heat Chemical Ranges and Limits, % Carbon Manganese Phosphorus, max Sulfur, maxB G11370 1137 0.32–0.39 1.35–1.65 0.040 0.08–0.13 G11390 1139 0.35–0.43 1.35–1.65 0.040 0.13–0.20 G11400 1140 0.37–0.44 0.70–1.00 0.040 0.08–0.13 G11410 1141 0.37–0.45 1.35–1.65 0.040 0.08–0.13 G11440 1144 0.40–0.48 1.35–1.65 0.040 0.24–0.33 G11450 1145 0.42–0.49 0.70–1.00 0.040 0.04–0.07 G11460 1146 0.42–0.49 0.70–1.00 0.040 0.08–0.13 G11510 1151 0.48–0.55 0.70–1.00 0.040 0.08–0.13 Rephosphorized and Resulfurized Carbon SteelE,G,H Designation Grade Carbon Manganese Phosphorus Sulfur Lead G12110 1211 0.13 max 0.60–0.90 0.07–0.12 0.10–0.15 ... G12120 1212 0.13 max 0.70–1.00 0.07–0.12 0.16–0.23 ... G12130 1213 0.13 max 0.70–1.00 0.07–0.12 0.24–0.33 ... G12150 1215 0.09 max 0.75–1.05 0.04–0.09 0.26–0.35 ... ... 12L14 0.15 max 0.85–1.15 0.04–0.09 0.26–0.35 0.15–0.35 A New designations established in accordance with Practice E 527 and SAE J 1086. B Maximum unless otherwise indicated. C When silicon is required, the following ranges and limits are commonly specified: 0.10 %, max, 0.10 to 0.20 %, 0.15 to 0.35 %, or 0.20 to 0.40 %. D Copper can be specified when required as 0.20 % minimum. E When lead is required as an added element to a standard steel, a range of 0.15 to 0.35 % incl, is specified. Such a steel is identified by inserting the letter “L” between the second and third numerals of the grade designation, for example, 10 L 45. A cast or heat analysis is not determinable when lead is added to the ladle stream. F When boron treatment is specified for killed steels, the steels can be expected to contain 0.0005 to 0.003% boron. G The elements bismuth, calcium, selenium or tellurium may be added as agreed between purchaser and supplier. H It is not common practice to produce these steels to specified limits for silicon because of its adverse effect on machinability. 5. Chemical Composition 5.1 The heat analysis shall conform to the requirements for chemical composition specified in Table 1 for the grade specified, or to such other limits as may be specified using the ranges and limits in Table 2. 6. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance 6.1 Descaling—When descaled bars are required, S15 on Pickling or S16 on Blast Cleaning must be specified. 6.2 The bars shall be free of visible pipe and conditioned as necessary to remove injurious surface imperfections. 7. Certification and Test Reports 7.1 When specified by the purchaser, a manufacturer’s certification that the material was manufactured and tested in accordance with this specification together with a report of the heat analysis test results for the specified elements and for copper, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium and colum- bium shall be furnished. When the amount of an element present is less than 0.02 %, the analysis may be reported as <0.02 %. The report shall include the name of the manufac- turer, ASTM designation number and year date and revision letter, if any, type and grade, heat number, and size. 7.2 When supplementary requirements are specified, the report shall include a statement of compliance with the requirement or the results of tests when the requirement involves measured test values such as S12 on Restricted Incidental Elements. 8. General Requirements 8.1 Material furnished under this specification shall con- form to the applicable requirements of the current edition of Specification A 29/A 29M, unless otherwise provided herein. 9. Keywords 9.1 carbon steel bars; hot-wrought steel bars; steel bars A 576 – 90b (2000) 3 SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS One or more of the following supplementary requirements shall apply when specified by the purchaser. S1. Cold-Working Quality S1.1 This classification encompasses bars subject to severe cold plastic deformation such as, but not limited to, upsetting, heading, forging, forward or backward extrusion. S1.2 If the type of steel or chemical composition does not have adequate cold working characteristics, appropriate ther- mal treatments should be specified. S1.3 When S1 is specified, the bars shall be produced by manufacturing practices and subjected to mill tests and inspec- tion and freedom from injurious surface imperfections to the extent that the bars shall be suitable for the manufacture of identified parts. The quality requirements of individual appli- cation vary. S2. Axle-Shaft Quality S2.1 Bars shall be suitable for use in the manufacture of power-driven axle shafts of the automotive or truck type. S3. Scrapless Nut Quality S3.1 Bars shall be suitable for the production of scrapless nuts from round bars involving cold plastic deformation, TABLE 2 Heat Chemical Ranges and Limits of Hot-Wrought Carbon Steel Bars Element Chemical Ranges and Limits, % When Maximum of Specified Element is: Range Lowest Maximum CarbonA ... ... 0.06 to 0.12 incl ... ... over 0.12–0.25 incl 0.05 ... over 0.25–0.40 incl 0.06 ... over 0.40–0.55 incl 0.07 ... over 0.55–0.80 incl 0.10 ... over 0.80 0.13 ... Manganese ... ... 0.35 to 0.40 incl 0.15 ... over 0.40–0.50 incl 0.20 ... over 0.50–1.65 incl 0.30 ... Phosphorus to 0.040 incl over 0.040–0.08 incl over 0.08–0.13 incl ... 0.03 0.05 0.040 ... ... Sulfur to 0.050 incl . . . 0.050 over 0.050–0.09 incl 0.03 ... over 0.09–0.15 incl 0.05 ... over 0.15–0.23 incl 0.07 ... over 0.23–0.50 incl 0.09 ... SiliconB ... ... 0.10 to 0.10 incl ... ... over 0.10–0.15 incl 0.08 ... over 0.15–0.20 incl 0.10 ... over 0.20–0.30 incl 0.15 ... over 0.30–0.60 incl 0.20 ... Copper When copper is required 0.20 min is generally specified LeadC,D When lead is required, a range of 0.15–0.35 is specified Boron 0.0005 min BismuthE CalciumE SeleniumE TelluriumE A The carbon ranges shown in the column headed “Range” apply when the specified maximum limit for manganese does not exceed 1.10 %. When the maximum manganese limit exceeds 1.10 %, add 0.01 to the carbon ranges shown above. B It is not common practice to produce a rephosphorized and resulfurized carbon steel to specified limits for silicon because of its adverse effect on machinability. C A heat analysis for lead is not determinable, since lead is added to the ladle stream while each ingot is poured. D It is not common practice to produce these steels to specified limits for silicon because of its adverse effect on machinability. E Element specification range as agreed to between purchaser and supplier. A 576 – 90b (2000) 4 namely piercing, upsetting, and forming, with consequent expansion in diameter. S4. Special Surface Quality S4.1 Special surface steels are produced with exacting control and appropriate inspection and surface preparation to minimize the frequency and degree of seams and other surface imperfections. S5. Annealing S5.1 The steel shall be furnished annealed. S6. Spheroidize Annealing S6.1 The steel shall be spheroidize annealed. S7. Special Internal Soundness Requirement S7.1 The steel shall be produced with special internal soundness, that is, relative freedom from segregation and porosity, as evaluated by means of a macroetch test performed on representative billet samples. The test shall consist of deep etching a cross section in a hot-acid solution and with a visual examination to evaluate soundness. An alternative method consisting of fracturing a billet section and examining the fracture surface to evaluate soundness may be used with purchaser approval. S8. Nonmetallic Inclusion Requirement (Note S1) S8.1 A microscopical examination of longitudinal sections to determine the nature and frequency of nonmetallic inclu- sions shall be made as prescribed in Practice E 45. The acceptance limits shall be specified by the purchaser. NOTE S1—Much of the sulfur in resulfurized steels is present as sulfide inclusions. For this reason, those steels are not generally produced to inclusion rating and S9 may not be specified. S9. Special Hardenability Requirement S9.1 Special heat treating (hardenability) is a term used when the purchaser specifies as a requirement, the ability of a steel to heat treat to specified mechanical property values which the purchaser must meet after his heat treatment. Care should be taken so that the desired mechanical property values are compatible with the chemical composition, size, and cross section of the steel. S10. Grain Size (Coarse) S10.1 The steel shall conform to the coarse austenitic grain size requirement of Specification A 29/A 29M. S11. Grain Size (Fine) S11.1 The steel shall conform to the fine austenitic grain size requirement of Specification A 29/A 29M. S11.1.1 When aluminum is used as a grain refining element, the fine grain size requirement shall be deemed to be fulfilled if, on heat analysis, the aluminum content is not less than 0.015 % acid soluble aluminum, or alternately, 0.020 % total aluminum. The aluminum content shall be reported. The grain size test specified in S11.1 shall be the referee test. S11.1.2 When specified on the order, one grain size test per heat shall be made. The test result shall be reported. S12. Restricted Incidental Elements S12.1 The steel shall not exceed the limits for copper, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, or other elements as shown on the purchase order. S13. Stress Relieving S13.1 The steel shall be stress relieved by heating to a temperature specified by the purchaser or to a temperature selected by the manufacturer. S14. Special Straightness S14.1 The bars shall be produced with special straightness (refer to Specification A 29/A 29M for tolerances). S15. Pickling S15.1 The surface of the bars shall be descaled by pickling. S16. Blast Cleaning S16.1 The surface of the bars shall be descaled by blast cleaning. S17. Coating S17.1 The bars shall be oiled, limed, or phosphate-coated as specified by the purchaser. The purchaser shall also specify the method of cleaning (S15 or S16); otherwise the bars shall be descaled by pickling or blasting at the manufacturer’s option. S18. Restricted Heat Chemical Ranges S18.1 Restricted heat chemical ranges on one or more elements may be specified by the purchaser if the manufacturer agrees to melt to the requested restriction. ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility. This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below. This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website (www.astm.org). A 576 – 90b (2000) 5