CATTI三级笔译综合能力讲义

文章一：人事部 翻译 阿房宫赋翻译下载德汉翻译pdf阿房宫赋翻译下载阿房宫赋翻译下载翻译理论.doc 考试出题规律 第一节 考试内容介绍、定语从句讲解、练习及译法 第一部分 考试介绍 一、考试题型 词汇和语法部分 50题 25分 25分钟 阅读理解 50题 55分 75分钟 完型填空 20题 20分 20分钟 二、考试 要求 对教师党员的评价套管和固井爆破片与爆破装置仓库管理基本要求三甲医院都需要复审吗 掌握本大纲要的英语词汇；掌握并能够正确运用双语语法；具备对常用问题英语文章的阅读理解能力。 三、笔译综合能力试题的基本类型 第一部分词汇和语法部分可分为三大部分：词汇选择（Vocabulary and Grammar）1-20难度大约在四级左右；词语替代（Vocabulary Selection）21-40主要找出和划横线部分相同意思的词汇，难度在4级到6级之间；改错（Error Correction）主要有词汇和语法的两种错误。 第一部分考察的内容主要为近义词的辨析、短语介词和动词词组的搭配；语法点主要包括定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句、虚拟语气、非谓语动词等等。在其后会分专题来讲解。 第二部分阅读理解共5篇，字数在每篇150-450字之间，绝大多数在250字左右，每篇有5到10题，不定量。题材广泛，选题多样。类似于四级以上难度和题型，但是和专业四级题型更加相似。 第三部分为开放性完型填空，20空，共20分。题材广泛，选题多样。难度和专业四级等同。 四、基本复习策略 综合能力课程作为三级笔译必修的课程，主要是考察学生对于英语基本知识的了解，特别是对双语习惯的掌握，为了能够更好地为实务课程打下坚实的基础，所以希望每一位同学都不要对这门课程产生掉以轻心的念头。根据个人经验，我个人推荐以下几个复习的策略： 第一、要对大纲的词汇做到十分熟悉，这种熟悉不是简单地认识，而是要学会使用，特别是在没有字典的帮助之下可以迅速而准确地判断搭配。 第二、对于语法结构的重视，但凡是学翻译就必须要对语法结构有着深入的了解，这种了解不是简单地会划分句子成分，而是将每个句子如何组合，这将决定你实务中的句型翻译的关键。 第三，阅读能力要强。任何考试都是得阅读者得天下，咱们的综合能力考试也不除外。包括实务考试，如果文章内容没有弄明白，那么对文章的翻译肯定是不行的。 以上三点经验之谈，仅供参考。 第二部分 定语从句的讲解、练习及译法 1．that和which用法比较： 1) which用于非限定性定语从句中。 e.g.: He said he was busy, which was not true. 他说他很忙，那是假的。 We don’t want to enter the house, which is very cold. 我们不想进房间，因为太冷了。 2) which用于介词后做宾语。 e.g.: The room of which windows are opposite to the room is large. 窗户正对着海的房间很大。 The chair in which you are sitting is made of iron. 你坐的椅子是用钢做的。 3) that一定用于“不（不定代词作先行词时）止（“只是”only修饰先行词时）最（形容词最高级修饰先行词时）两（先行词同时出现人和物）序（序数词修饰先行词时）”五种情况。 e.g.: All that you need is help. 你所需要的是帮助。 A lot of things and children that are full of the car were lost in the district. 装满了车的东西和孩子们在这个地区失踪了。 That is only thing that I want to know. 那是我唯一想知道的事情。 The last book that you bought is that I wanted to buy. 你买的最后一本书是我想买的。 What is the size of the largest map that you have seen before? 你以前见过的最大的尺寸的地图有多大？ 2．定语从句的种类 定语从句可分为非限定性定语从句（描绘性定语从句）和限定性定语从句。 e.g.: They don’t like that person who is noisy. 他们不喜欢那个吵闹的人。 *非限定性定语从句（描绘性定语从句）和先行词关系紧密，不可省略。 e.g.: They don’t like that person, who is noisy. 他们不喜欢那个人，因为他太吵闹了。 *限定性定语从句和先行词关系疏松，用逗号和主句隔开，可以省略。它翻译时，相当于一个状语从句。 语法及词汇练习 1. The bridge was named __ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people. A after B with C by D from 2. There were no tickets __ for Friday’s performance. A preferable B considerable C possible D available 3. __ the Revolutionary War, the United States was an English colony. A Inferior to B Superior to C Prior to D Preferable to 4. Cancer is second only __ heart disease as a cause of death. A of B to C with D from 5. It wasn't such a good dinner __ she had promised us. A that B which C as D what 6. American women were __ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle. A ignored B neglected C refused D denied 7. They decided to chase the cow away __ it did more damage. A unless B until C before D although 8. __ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question. A Each B Any C Either D One 9. The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at __ chemist’s. A each B some C any D certain 10. All __ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life. A what is needed B for our needs C the thing needed D that is needed 11. __ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all. A When compared B Compare C While comparing D Comparing 12. After __ for the job, you will be required to take a language test. A being interviewed B interviewed C interviewing D having interviewed 13. __ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist. A That was from Stephen B It was Stephen whom C It was from Stephen that D It was Stephen that 14. If these shoes are too big, ask the clerk to bring you a smaller __. A suit B set C one D pair 15. Many new __ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education. A opportunities B necessities C realities D probabilities 16. He must have had an accident, or he __ then. A would have been here B had to be here C should be here D would be here 17. You __ all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing. A needn’t have done B must not have done C shouldn’t have done D can not have done 18. It was very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you __ it. A mustn’t have done B wouldn’t have done C mightn’t have done D didn’t have to do 19. It was essential that the applications forms __ back before the deadline. A must be sent B would be sent C be sent D were sent 20. We __ our breakfast when an old man came to the door. A just have had B have just had C just had D had just had 21. I had just started back for the house to change my clothes __ I heard voices. A as B while C after D when 22. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, __ something occurred which attracted my attention. A unless B until C when D while 23. It was essential that these application forms __ back as early as possible. A must be sent B will be sent C are sent D be sent 24. The children went there to watch the iron tower __. A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected 25. The engine __ smoke and steam. A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off 26. The manager promised to keep me __ of how our business was going on. A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing 27. The goals __ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him. A after which B for which C with which D at which 28. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and __ in a quiet neighborhood. A all in all B above all C after all D over all 29. __ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work. A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now 30. What you have done is __ the doctor’s orders. A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to 译法： 1．定语从句的前置合译法： On the whole, such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed. 译文：总的来说，得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的，但是必须具备两个条件：能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的另一些孩子的态度相同；他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。 2．定语从句的前置合译法与后置分译法： Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate response will experience greater intellectual development. 译文：行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。 The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took roots in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be. 译文：希腊人认为，语言结构与思维能力过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。 3．定语从句的溶合变译法； This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature; actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work.(48 words) 译文：这种假设是依据这样的一种谬论：人的本性中存在天生的惰性。而实际上，除了特别懒惰的人以外，几乎没有人愿意挣只相当于最低生活维持费的钱，也没有人愿意饱食终日、无所事事。 定语从句翻译练习： 1. Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture. 在20世纪以前, 小说中的妇女像都是一个模式。她们没有任何特点, 因而无法成为具有个性的人; 他们还要屈从于由男性主宰的文化传统强加给他们的种种束缚。 2. Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity. 铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起, 最普遍的是跟氧结合; 因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力, 由于这个原因, 在自然界找不到游离状态的铝。所以, 铝直到19世纪才被人发现。 3. They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty. 对于以往几代人来说, 旧式的体力劳动是一种用以摆脱贫困的手段, 而技术的进步则摧毁了穷人赖以为生的体力劳动, 因此首先体验到技术进步之害的是穷人。 4. The number of the young people in the United States who can’t read is incredible about one in four. 大约有1/4的美国青年人没有阅读能力, 这简直令人难以置信。（前置译法） 第二节 语法及词汇练习、定语从句长难句 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 及翻译、阅读理解讲解 回顾也是一种前瞻 Reviewing is preparing us for the future 第一部分 语法及词汇练习 1. John regretted __ to the meeting last week. A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going 2. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are __. A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice 3. They __ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions. A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward 4. Mrs. Brown is supposed __ for Italy last week. A to have left B to be leaving C to leave D to have been left 5. He’s watching TV? He’s __ to be cleaning his room. A known B considered C regarded D supposed 6. My camera can be __ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions. A treated B adjusted C adopted D remedied 7. A new technique __, the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent. A working out B having worked out C having been worked out D to have been worded out 8. Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded __ 27%. A by B for C to D in 9. Children who are over-protected by their parents may become __. A hurt B damaged C spoiled D harmed 10. When Mr. Jones gets old, he will __ over his business to his son. A take B hand C think D get 11. We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so let’s have __ one this month. A another B more C the other D other 12. No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to __. A the other B any other C another D other 13. It was difficult to guess what her __ to the news would be. A impression B reaction C comment D opinion 14. I decided to go to the library as soon as I __. A finish what I did B finished what I did C would finish what I was doing D finished what I was doing 15. We are interested in the weather because it __ us so directly what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel. A benefits B affects C guides D effects 16. Will all those __ the proposal raise their hands? A in relation to B in contrast to C in excess of D in favor of 17. Children are very curious __. A at heart B in person C on purpose D by nature 18. The match was cancelled because most of the members __ a match without a standard court. A objected to having B were objected to have C objected to have D were objected to having 19. The man in the corner confessed to __ a lie to the manager of the company. A have told B having told C being told D be told 20. The teacher doesn’t permit __ in class. A smoke B to smoke C smoking D to have a smoke 21. As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to __ it. A postpone B refuse C delay D cancel 22. These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you __ you need. A all the information B all the informations C all of information D all of the informations 23. Not until the game had begun __ at the sports ground. A had he arrived B would he have arrived C did he arrive D should he have arrived 24. Young people are not __ to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in. A conservative B content C confident D generous 25. Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is __. A granted B implied C exaggerated D remedied 26. These surveys indicate that many crimes go __ by the police, mainly because not all victims report them. A unrecorded B to be unrecorded C unrecording D to have been unrecorded 27. I have no objection __ your story again. A to hear B to hearing C to having heard D to have heard 28. The clothes a person wears may express his __ or social position. A curiosity B status C determination D significance 29. By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have __ opportunity to change his mind. A accurate B urgent C excessive D adequate 30. You will see this product __ wherever you go. A to be advertised B advertised C advertise D advertising 第二部分 定语从句长难句成分分析及翻译练习 5. Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining. 人们常说, 通过电视可以了解时事, 掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到既有教育意义又有娱乐性的层出不穷的新节目。（后置译法） 6. Taking his cue from Ibsen`s A Doll`s House, in which the heroine, Nora, leaves home because she resents her husband’s treating her like a child, the writer Lu Xun warned that Nora would need money to support herself; she must have economic rights to survive. 易卜生的剧作《玩偶之家》中的女主人公娜拉离家出走, 因为她憎恶她的丈夫像对待孩子一样来对待她。作家鲁迅从中得到启示, 从而告诫人们娜拉得需要钱来养活自己, 她要生存就必须有经济上的权利。（句首译法） 7. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. 那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。（倒装、定从使用） 8. With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids , leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent (in part )back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis. 随着爆发出来的运动的结束，再体液中乳酸含量会变得很高，使得大型动物处于容易受到攻击的状态，直到乳酸通过有氧新陈代谢，被肝脏转化成（convert into）葡萄糖，而葡萄糖接下来又会（部分）传送回肌肉中重新合成糖原 。 9. Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent，he shows that the slaves’ preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent，was very much for stable monogamy. 虽然古特曼承认，由于奴隶买卖而造成的被迫离散甚为频繁，但他还是证明，奴隶的偏爱——在那些奴隶买卖并不频繁的种植园上被最为显著地揭示出来——在很大程度上侧重于稳定的一夫一妻制。 10. This preference for exogamy，Gutman suggests，may have derived from West African rules governing marriage，which，though they differed from one tribal group to another，all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin. 古特曼表示，这种对于外部通婚的偏爱很有可能缘起于西部非洲制约着婚姻的规定，尽管这些规定在一个和另一个部落群体之间不尽相同，但都涉及到某种对近亲联姻（union with close kin）的禁止。 第三部分 阅读理解的基本理念（见 ppt 关于艾滋病ppt课件精益管理ppt下载地图下载ppt可编辑假如ppt教学课件下载triz基础知识ppt ） 第三节 非谓语动词，练习及其译法，阅读理解讲解及练习 第一部分 阅读理解题目 练习： When my first child was born, my mother-in-law said to me: ‘Motherhood is a wonderful just as long as you remember that A Mother’s Place is in the Wrong. No matter what you do, your children will blame you.’ Sine that time, almost nine years ago, I have carefully monitored mothers and their growing offspring to verify this maxim, and found that indeed it contains much truth. If, on the other hand, a mother sends her little lamb to the local neighborhood school, the little lamb will grumble tears later that his parents did not give a fig for education and that is why he was illiterate and on the dole. If a woman has a job, her children will speak mournfully of the experience of being latch-key kids who never knew what it was to come home to the joy and security of mum baking bread in the kitchen. If she considers it to e best to end the marriage, they will accuse her of causing them ‘parental deprivation syndrome’ and obligation them to grow up in ‘a one-parent situation’. Truly, a mother’s place is in the wrong place---and, yea, it goes on even unto the third generation. When your children encounter trouble or difficulties as adults, in their own marriages or in their personalities, whom do you blame? You’ve got it in one: Mother. 1. Having thought about her mother-in-law advice, the author _________________. A was inclined to doubt the advice B interviewed women whose children had grown up C decided to put the advice to the test D asked adults about their children 2. The passage suggests that the local schools ___________________. A make children feel insecurity B have a poor educational record C allow children too much freedom D are for the children of ‘suburban cabbages’ 3. According to the passage, a woman who divorces her husband will ____________________. A be backed by her children B be blamed by her children C usually blame her husband D soon lose the children’s affection 4. It can be concluded from the passage that mothers _________________. A are willing to take the blame B are blamed unfairly C can not be blameless D cannot avoid blame The worldwide consumption of bakery food products is increasing. Many populations that formerly relied solely on rice or coarser grains as their main source of carbohydrates show a preference for compounded bakery products as new industry and increased incomes make them more widely accessible. Japan is an outstanding example of countries following this trend. The United States has shown a steady downward trend in per capita consumption of cereal-based foods for many years, and the consumption of sweet bakery foods, such as cakes or pastry, has been increasingly displacing bread consumption. Probably 95% of the white bread sold in the United States is enriched with thiamine, niacin, and iron, and about 30 of the states have laws requiring white bread enrichment. Formerly, calcium and vitamin D were frequently added to enriched bread, but lack of consumer demand and questionable nutritional benefit led to gradual phasing out of these enrichments. India has attempted to encourage consumption of protein-enriched bread, with some success. Except for research projects, little has been done in other countries, however. In areas where bakery products comprise a large proportion of the diet, they could provide an ideal vehicle for nutritional supplementation. The need for better quality in the daily diet occurs mostly in the developing counties, where carbohydrates foods --- usually cereals --- are the basic components of the diet and therefore the logical protein carriers. 1.​ Japan is used in this passage t illustrate a fashion in many countries ___________. A to enrich bread B to invest more in food industry C to increase consumption of bakery foods D to increase a reliance on rice and grains 2. Because of little demand and questionable value ____________. A calcium and vitamin D are no longer added to bread B cereal-based foods are being replaced by bakery products C rice and coarser grains being replaced by bakery products D little has been done to encourage consumption of enriched bread 3. According to the passage, popular cereals could be the best way in developing countries to ___. A supplement the diet B displace rice consumption C increase reliance on carbohydrates D phase out necessary bread enrichments 4. From the passage, we learn that there is a worldwide trend towards _____________. A enriching the nutritional value of bread B increasing the consumption of protein C using bakery products as a source of carbohydrates 　 D using grains, such as rice, as a source of carbohydrates 第二部分 非谓语动词难点讲解 独立主格与非谓语动词： 独立主格 独立主格的结构一： 名词（代词）+ 分词 [现在分词、过去分词] Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper __ it closely. A followed B following C to follow D being followed All things __, the planned trip will have to be called off. A considered B be considered C considering D having considered 独立主格的结构2：with + 名词（代词）+ 分词 [句子当中作状语] After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys __ to go to school. A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged 非谓语动词 非谓语动词的结构：分词（分词短语） 句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作，则使用现在分词；如果动作不是由句子的主语发出，则使用过去分词。 43.No matter how frequently __, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences. A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏； to be performed 将要被演奏； being performed 正在被演奏； 一些特殊的动词： 第一个：remember 记住； 62. I remember __ to help us if we ever got into trouble. A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him 第二个：want 想要； 48. Your hair wants __. You'd better have it done tomorrow. A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut 18. This room is so dirty that it wants __. A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned 第三个：mean 意味； 25. There's a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means __ trouble. A making B to make C to have made D having made 练习： 41. It is not difficult to ________ the idea that machines may communicate information to us. A) admit B) receive C) accept D) convince（C） 42. I have not the least ________ of hurting you