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四六级冲刺备考之仔细阅读解密四六级冲刺备考之仔细阅读解密 阅读理解是是大学英语四,六级考试的重点。新四级题型把阅读理解分成了快速阅读和仔细阅读两个部分。其中快速阅读对阅读速度有了更高的要求,而对阅读理解的深度和层次要求相对较低。仔细阅读虽然所占比例有所降低,但仍然是考察的重点所在。仔细阅读虽说要求较高,但我们在深入研究历届四级阅读理解真题后发现,仔细阅读的考查内容有一定的内在规律可循。仔细阅读的问题设置可以概括地分成以下四种:1. 文章主旨题; 2. 判断推理题;3.事实细节题; 4. 词义推测题。下面我们将分别讲解各类题型的解题技巧。 一....

四六级冲刺备考之仔细阅读解密
四六级冲刺备考之仔细阅读解密 阅读理解是是大学英语四,六级考试的重点。新四级题型把阅读理解分成了快速阅读和仔细阅读两个部分。其中快速阅读对阅读速度有了更高的要求,而对阅读理解的深度和层次要求相对较低。仔细阅读虽然所占比例有所降低,但仍然是考察的重点所在。仔细阅读虽说要求较高,但我们在深入研究历届四级阅读理解真题后发现,仔细阅读的考查内容有一定的内在规律可循。仔细阅读的问题设置可以概括地分成以下四种:1. 文章主旨题; 2. 判断推理题;3.事实细节题; 4. 词义推测题。下面我们将分别讲解各类题型的解题技巧。 一.文章主旨题 主旨是文章灵魂,是作者要传达给我们的思想,观点或者是作者要向我们说明的问题。主旨题要测试的是我们对全文或者文章其中某一段的中心思想的理解,要求我们在充分理解文章的基础上做出 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 和判断,对文章的主旨进行概括。主旨题是仔细阅读必不可少的题型,往往出现在文章的第一道题或者最后一道题。主旨题常见的提问方式有: 1. The main (principal) idea of this passage is 2. What’s the main idea (topic, subject) of this passage? 3. This passage centers (focus) on 4. This passage mainly (primarily) discusses 5. The author’s purpose in writing this passage is 6. The best title of this passage is 7. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? 8. Which of the following sentences best summarizes the author’s main point? 在做主旨题时,我们要注意以下几点: 第一,注意段首,段尾。 一般来说,文章的第一段首句或末段尾句往往是文章中心思想的体现处,有时段首或段尾的话就是该文章的中心思想。 第二,特别关注结论性或者转折性的语言。 这些表达方式有:therefore, as a result, thus, so, moreover, furthermore, what’s more, most important of all, but, however, rather, yet等等。 第三,在选择正确 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 的过程中,尽量要避免选择过于绝对的选项。 例如:选项中包含有all, completely, only, almost, absolutely, definitely等。通常正确的答案有一定的概括性和结论性,过于细节的选项往往不是正确答案,而过于笼统的选项则往往缺乏准确性,或者过于片面,需要我们在选择时注意。 例一: The passage is mainly about . A. the benefits of manageable stress B. how to avoid stressful situation C. how to cope with stress effectively D. the effects of stress hormones on memory 原文 “Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or exercise.” said Dr. Hans Selye, the first physician to document the effects of stress on the body. While here’s no question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you’re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you… 【解析】选A。这是非常典型的主旨判断型题目。文章的首段就点明了主题,给出了答案。作者在这里提出了一个全新的观点:承受一定的压力可以改善人的记忆能力,对人有益。 例二: What is the author’s purpose in writing this article? A. To justify the study of the Boston University Medical Center. B. To stress the importance of maintaining proper weight. C. To support the statement made by York Onnen. D. To show the most effective way to lose weight. 原文: Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of body weight. Unfortunately, that message has not gotten through to the average American, who would rather try switching to “light” beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion. The Centers for Disease Control, for example, found that less than one-fourth of overweight adults who were trying to shed pounds said they were combining exercise with their diet... 【解析】 选D。文章开篇就明确提出主题Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of body weight. 接下来文章的内容都是围绕着这一中心思想来展开论述。选项A,C过于细节,而选项B理解有误。 专题训练 Exercise One The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon(结肠). Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is not a new discovery. In 1945, about 35 years ago, government researchers realized that nitrates(硝酸盐), commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives, caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic (致癌物的)additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and living animals, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue. Q: What is the best possible title of the passage? A. Drug B. Cancer C. Food D. Health Exercise Two Believe it or not, optical illusion can cut highway crashes. Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes, called chevrons, painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down. Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to repeat Japan’s success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes. Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards are the greatest ―curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges. Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars. Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents. Q:The passage mainly discusses ______.   A) a new way of highway speed control   B) a new pattern for painting highways   C) a new approach to training drivers   D) a new type of optical illusion Exercise Three Most people would agree that, although our age exceeds all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no corresponding increase in wisdom. But agreement ceases as soon as we attempt to define “wisdom” and consider means of promoting it. There are several factors that contribute to wisdom. Of these I should put first a sense of proportion: the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to attach to each its due weight. This has become more difficult than it used to be owing to the extent and complexity of the special knowledge required of various kinds of technicians. Suppose, for example, that you are engaged in research in scientific medicine. The work is difficult and is likely to absorb the whole of your mind. You have no time to consider the effect which your discoveries or inventions may have outside the field of medicine. You succeed (let us say) as modern medicine has succeeded, in enormously lowering the infant death-rate, not only in Europe and America, but also in Asia and Africa. This has the entirely unintended result of making the food supply inadequate and lowering the standard of life in the parts of the world that have the greatest populations. To take an even more dramatic example, which is in everybody’s mind at the present time; you study the makeup of the atom from a disinterested(无私的)desire for knowledge, and by chance place in the hands of a powerful mad man the means of destroying the human race. Therefore, with every increase of knowledge and skill, wisdom becomes more necessary, for every such increase augments(增强)our capacity for realizing our purposes, and therefore augments our capacity for evil, if our purposes are unwise. Q: What is the main idea of the passage? A) It is unwise to place the results of scientific research in the hands of a powerful mad man. B) The more knowledge one has, the wiser one becomes. C) Any increase of knowledge could lead to disastrous results without the guidance of wisdom. D) Wisdom increases in proportion to one’s age. 二.判断推理题 判断推理题是仔细阅读中难度较大的题型。它要求我们对文章中的内容及作者的思路做出合理的判断和推理,也就是要运用逻辑推理能力推论出蕴含在文章中却没有明说的事实,及暗示的含义。由于暗示的内容和含义是作者想说而未说的,因此,推理判断题的答案往往不能从文章中直接找到,而要根据据已知的信息来推理。判断推理题常见的提问方式有: 1. The writer (author, passage) implies (suggests) that . 2. It can be inferred form the passage that . 3. Which of the following can be concluded from this passage? 4. What does the author conclude about? 5. The passage is intended to . 6. The first paragraph of this passage is to . 7. How does the author seem to feel about this issue? 判断推理在解题时我们要注意以下几点: 第一,掌握判断推理题题干中常用的标志性词,如suggest, imply, indicate, conclude, infer等等。 第二,做题时,应该先看题目,对文章中所涉及的内容做到心里有数,再带着问题在原文中逐条核查答案。 第三,回答这一类型的题目应该以文章中已经提供的信息和事实为推论的依据,领悟作者的言外之意,进行符合逻辑的推断。 例三: What did the author say about her own writing experience? A. She was constantly under pressure of writing more. B. Most of her stories had been rejected by publishers. C. She did not quite live up to her reputation as a writer. D. Her way to success was full of pains and frustrations. 原文 As a writer I know about winning contests, and about losing them. I know what it is like to work hard on a story only to receive a rejection slip from the publisher. I also know the pressure of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous victories. What if she doesn’t win the contest again? That’s the strange thing about being a parent. So many of our own past scars and dashed hopes can surface. 【解析】选D。这是非常典型的推理判断型题目。这篇文章讲述了一个作家母亲指导女儿写作的故事,通过作者的亲身经历向人们揭示出当今社会的子女教育问题。作者首先回顾了自身写作历程的艰辛。回答这个题目需要我们进行归纳 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf 。选项ABC都过于片面,D为正确答案。 例四: Why doesn’t the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again? A) She feels unhappy working in male-dominated fields. B) She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination. C) She is not good at telling stories of the kind. D) She finds space research more important. 原文 I don’t ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what is like to work in a field dominated by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-time and the nature of black holes. …the issue started to bother me. My every achievement—jobs, research papers, awards—was viewed through the lens of gender (性别) politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind. 【解析】选B。这里需要我们推断为什么作者不再想谈论作为一个女科学家的感受。作者指出,人们不断地询问她在一个男性占支配地位的领域中工作是怎样的,这样的问题本身就充满了对女性的否定和歧视。她感兴趣的是科学本身,而不是这些无聊的歧视性问题。 专题训练 Exercise Four The American Revolution was not a revolution in the sense of a radical or total change. It was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework, such as later occurred in France and Russia, when both were already independent nations. Significant changes were ushered in, but they were not breathtaking. What happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution. During the conflict itself people went on working and praying, marrying and playing. Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of the more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on. America’s War of Independence heralded the birth of three modern nations. One was Canada, which received its first large influx of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States. Another was Australia, which became a penal colony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors. The third newcomer ― the United States ― based itself squarely on republican principles. Yet even the political overturn was not so revolutionary as one might suppose. In some states, notably Connecticut and Rhode Island, the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule already existing. British officials, everywhere ousted, were replaced by a home-grown governing class, which promptly sought a local substitute for king and Parliament. Q1: In the first paragraph, what does the author suggest about the French and Russia revolution? A. They were explosive and abrupt. B. They were ineffective. C. They involved only those people living in urban areas. D. They led to the release of all political prisoners. Q2. It can be inferred from the passage that the loyalists who escaped to Canada contribute to the birth of modern . A. Russia B. French C. United States D. Canada Q3. What will the paragraph following the passage most probably discuss? A. The transport of prisoners to Australia. B. The creation of now state governments. C. Events lending up to the American Revolution. D. How Canada and the United States became friends. Exercise Five To produce the upheaval in the United States that changed and modernized the domain of higher education from the mid 1860’s to the mid – 1880’s, three primary causes interacted. The emergence of a half dozen leaders in education provided the personal force that was needed. Moreover, an outcry for a fresher, more practical, and more advanced kind of instruction arose among the alumni and friends of nearly all of the old colleges and grew into a movement that overrode all conservative opposition. The aggressive “Young Yale” movement appeared, demanding partial alumni control, a more liberal spirit, and a broader course of study. The graduates of Harvard College simultaneously rallied to relieve the college’s poverty and demand new enterprise. Education was pushing toward higher standards in the East by throwing off church leadership everywhere, and in the West by finding a wider range of studies and a new sense of public duty. The old-style classical education received its most crushing blow in the citadel of Harvard College, where Dr. Charles Eliot, a young captain of thirty-five, son of a former treasurer of Harvard, led the progressive forces. Five revolutionary advances were made during the first year of Dr. Eliot’s administration. They were the elevation and amplification of entrance requirements, the enlargement of the curriculum and the development of the elective system, the recognition of graduate study in the liberal arts, the raising of professional training in law, medicine, and engineering to a postgraduate level, and the fostering of greater maturity in student life. Standards of admission were sharply advanced in 1872-1873 and 1876-1877. By the appointment of a dean to take charge of student affairs, and a wise handling of discipline, the undergraduates were led to regard themselves more as young gentlemen and less as young animals. One new course of study after another was opened up―science, music, the history of the fine arts, advanced Spanish, political economy, physics, classical philology, and international law. Q1. According to the passage, which of the following can be inferred about Harvard College before progressive changes occurred? A. Admission standards were lower. B. Students were younger. C. Classes ended earlier. D. Courses were more practical. Q2. From the passage it can be concluded that which of the following was a characteristic of the classical course of study? A. Most students majored in education. B. Students were limited in their choice of courses. C. Students had to pass five levels of study. D. Courses were so difficult that most students failed. Keys: Exercise One 【解析】选C。这是一道典型的主旨题。全文只有一个段落,我们首先要做的是找出段落的主题句。文章中第一句就指出 “The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health.”这正是本文的主题句,全文也都围绕food这一主题展开,论述它对人类健康的影响。 Exercise Two 【解析】选A。本文为说明文,作者着重探讨了各种曲线和图案在交通方面的作用。略读全文之后,读者了解到本文主要介绍了人字形线能够使开车的人产生视觉上的错觉:感觉车速比实际要快,从而降低车速,达到减少交通事故的目的。 Exercise Three 【解析】选C。根据文章的最终结论(即最后一段)可以推断本文的中心思想为:知识的增长还需要智慧的引导,否则会造成灾难性的后果。 Exercise Four 1. 【解析】选A。文章的第一段第二句 “It was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework, such as later occurred in France and Russia, when both were already independent nations.”同后来发生在法国和俄国的革命不同,美国革命并没有给其社会带来剧烈的变化。从这里我们可以判断,法国和俄国的革命对它们国家的社会带来了剧烈的变化。只有爆炸性的,突然性的革命才能给社会带来急剧的变化,所以A正确。 2. 【解析】选D。题目问我们亲英分子(loyalists)逃往加拿大为哪个现代国家的产生做出了贡献。文章第二段的第一句有“America's War of Independence heralded the birth of three modern nations ...”由此根据选项只能选D。 3. 【解析】选B。本题要求我们推测短文之后可能讨论的内容。文章结尾段陈述的是革命带来的政治变化,但不剧烈,在有些州,战争前就已经实行了殖民地自主统治,革命只是使殖民地自主统治合法化。结尾段讨论革命带来社会、政治上的变化仅仅是开头,显然还有很多其它形式的变革。所以下面段落中最有可能讨论的是其它形式的、使其成为一个新的国家的变革。 Exercise Five 1.【解析】选A。文章第二段详细说明了哈佛改革后的情况,由此可以推断,改革前的情况要比改革后的情况落后。另外,文章还清楚地指出,改革后,哈佛的入学 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 提高了很多,因此A项正确。 2.【解析】选B。本题要求根据文章的内容推断出传统课程的特点。文章第二段指出,改革后哈佛大学建立了选修课制度,显然,传统课程与改革后的课程特点相反,由此可以确定,在改革前的传统课程中,学生选课受到限制,因此选B。 四六级冲刺备考之仔细阅读解密(二) 期数: 版数: 点击数: 1004 更新时间: 2009-12-15 17:25:36 (接上篇) 三.事实细节题题 事实细节题在仔细阅读中所占的比例最大。事实细节题主要是对文章中的具体细节进行考察,涉及的范围很广,如事情发生的时间,地点,人物,目的,结果,经过,发展等等。事实细节题的解题关键在于从文中找出相关信息。事实细节题的测试方法主要有两类:直接细节题,即这类细节基本上从原文中可以直接得出答案(原文中的措辞与题目的措辞往往有些不同),因此相对要简单些。另外一类是间接事实细节题。即在原文中不能很明显地找到答案,而需要做一些判断。不管属于哪一类型,细心研读原文都是获取答案的重要方法。 事实细节题常见的提问方式有以下三种: 1. 问句式 这类形式顾名思义,是以提问的形式提出问题,通常以Wh-特殊疑问词或者How开头,问题主要涉及时间、人物、地点、原因、定义和数字等等。例如: 1) What causes ...? 2) How many ...? 3) Why does the author mention ...? 4)Where in this passage does the author mention…? 在解答这一类型题目时,我们可以采用“对号入座”的方法,也就是带着问题找答案。建议大家采用下面的步骤: 第一,先看文章后提出的问题,然后带着问题去阅读文章,做到有的放矢。 第二,在原文中找到相关的信息后,我们把原文中的信息放到问题中,与给出的选项进行比对,从而找出正确答案。 2. 不完整的陈述句形式 这种类型以不完整的陈述句形式出现,要求我们从四个选项中选出一个正确答案将题干补充完整。选择的项目涉及人物、时间、地点、事物、数字、目的、原因等等。例如: 1. The author (or the passage) states that 2. According to the author (or the passage), 3. Due to , the author believe … 这类题目的答案与原文在字面上往往差异很大,有时还需要我们找出与上下文在逻辑上的联系。因此回答这类题目时,准确理解原文意思是关键。在做题时,要尽可能先记住所有问题以及选项的大意,然后带着问题通读全文,然后再次分析问题,找出答案。 3. 排除式问题 这类题目要求我们根据文章中事实的陈述来判断题目给出选项的正确与否。通常在所给的四个选项中有一个是正确的(或错误的)。例如: 1) Which of the following statements is (not) true (or correct)? 2) All the following statements are true except . 3) The author states all of the items listed except . 4) Which of the following is not a result of ...? 这类题目一般可以直接在文章中找到答案。在做这类题目时,我们要首先仔细阅读题后的选项,在原文中找到题目所问的相关信息后,将选项的内容与原文比对,从而排除不同的内容。 真题再现 Q: What is the most striking feature of the University of Phoenix? A) All its courses are offered online. B) Its online courses are of the best quality. C) It boasts the largest number of students on campus. D) Anyone taking its online courses is sure to get a degree. 原文 By almost any measure, there is a boom in Internet-based instruction. In just a few years, 34 percent of American universities have begun offering some form of distance learning (DL), and among the larger schools, it’s close to 90 percent. If you doubt the popularity of the trend, you probably haven’t heard of the University of Phoenix. It grants degrees entirely on the basis of online instruction. It enrolls 90,000 students, a statistic used to support its claim to be the largest private university in the country. 【解析】选A。这是典型的事实细节题,关键词为the University of Phoenix。根据题干中的关键词我们定位到文章的第一段。前两句为铺垫,第四句中的it指的是the University of Phoenix,被作者作为最有力的证据来表明以网络为基础的教育正处在一个繁荣发展的时期。因此,the University of Phoenix最为striking的特征就是该学校完全以网络教育为且主授予学位。 专题训练 Exercise Six Criticism of research lays a significant foundation for future investigative work, but when students begin their own projects, they are likely to find that the standards of validity in field work are considerably more rigorous (严格的, 严厉的) than the standards for most library research. When students are faced with the concrete problem of proof by field demonstration, they usually discover that many of the important relationships they may have criticized other researcher for failing to demonstrate are very elusive (难以理解的) indeed. They will find, if they submit an outline or questionnaire to their classmates for criticism, that other students make comments similar to some they themselves may have made in discussing previously published research. For example student researchers are likely to begin with a general question but find themselves forced to narrow its focus. They may learn that questions whose meanings seem perfectly biased (有偏见
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