Translation Techniques 8

nullTranslation Techniques (8)Translation Techniques (8)Translation of sentences and clauses (1)nullI. Teaching Contents: 1. Conversion of Word Order 2. Division 3. Combination 4. Translation of English Nominal clauses 1) Subjective clauses 2) Objective Clauses 3) Predicative Clauses 4) Appositive clauses II. Teaching Aims: To make students skilled in translation. III. Teaching Focus: Students’ ability in dealing with the techniques. IV. Teaching Methods: Student-centered (group work, then class work). V. Teaching Approaches: Multi-media aided. VI. Teaching Procedures:nullStep 1 Comments on the assignment. (Omitted.) Step 2 Translation of Sentences 英、汉两种语言在语法、句子结构等方面有着很大的差异，在翻译时我们为了使译文通顺流畅，符合译语的 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 达习惯，我们可以改变原来句子的语序或结构， 重新组织句子。一般说来句子有以下几种翻译 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 。I. Conversion of Word Order (语序调整) I. Conversion of Word Order (语序调整) 1. Even the wild animals of his homeland, it seemed to Kunta, had more dignity than these creatures. 昆塔觉得，即使他家乡的野兽也比这些人自尊自重。（插入语换序） 2. From the moment they set foot on the territory of their motherland, they were warmly received by their compatriots. 他们从一走上祖国的土地的时刻起，就受到同胞们热情接待。（定语从句换序） 3. Cheerful, efficient and war-hearted, they will do everything to make your journey smooth and comfortable. 他们乐观、能干、热情， 总是想方设法使你一路上顺利舒适。（状语移位， 并转变为胃语） 4. Don’t hesitate to come when you need help. 什么时候需要帮助， 只管来找我。（状语从句换序）II. Division (分译)II. Division (分译)A. Put a word or a phrase in English into sentences in Chinese. 1. Throughout his life, Benjamin Franklin continued his education, learning from human contact as well as from books. 富兰克林的整个一生都在受教育， 他不仅从书本中学习呒而且也从与人交往中学习。（分译分词短语） 2. I tried vainly to put the pieces together. 我想把这些碎片拼在一起， 可是拼不起来。（分译状语） 3. The computer can give Mary the right lesson for her: neither too fast nor too slow. 计算机能给玛丽上课，上得恰到好处， 既不太快， 也不太慢。（分译定语） 4. One consequence of speculation about the possibility of computer thought was that we were forced to examine with new care the idea of thought in general. 观察结果表明，计算机可能有思想， 这是我们不得不从新的角度全面审视思想这一概念。（分译名词词组）III. Combination (合译)III. Combination (合译)A. Put two or more sentences in English into one simple or complex sentence in Chinese. 1. The young man was very miserable. He had no money about him. All his savings had been stolen. 这个年轻人很惨， 已落到了身无分文的地步， 因为他所有的积蓄都被窃。 2. Darkness fell. An explosion shook the earth. It did not shake his will to go to the front. 夜幕降临时, 一声爆炸震动了大地, 可并没有动摇他上前线的决心。 3. That day, the President had an interview with her father. Her father was going to the moon by space-shuttle. 那天， 总统会见了她的父亲， 因为她的父亲即将乘航天飞机去登月。 4. She is very busy at home. She has to take care of the children and does the kitchen work. 她在家很忙， 又要看好孩子， 又要下厨。nullB. Put a complex sentence in English into a simple sentence in Chinese. 1. If we do a thing, we should do it well. 我们要干就干好。 2. The time was 10:30, and traffic on the street was light. 10点30分的时候， 街上来往的车辆稀少了。 3. Americans have a great range of customs and habits that at first may seem puzzling to a visitor. 美国人有很多风俗习惯在陌生人看来里令人费解 的。 4. Parents love their children and the love is perfect. 父母对子女的爱是无微不至的。Step 3 从句的翻译(Translation of English Nominal clauses)Step 3 从句的翻译(Translation of English Nominal clauses) English subordinate clauses are classified into six groups, namely, subject clause, objective clause, predicative clause, appositive clause, attributive clause and adverbial clause. Since the first four of them function as nouns in a complex sentence, they are generally called nominal clauses. In this section we are going to find some specific methods of translating nominal clauses. I.Subjective clauses: Usually we would like to translate noun clause in the same order, that is to say, to remain their original position. Examples: null1. What he told me was only half-truth. 他告诉我的只是半真半假的东西而已。 2. Whatever he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression. 他此行所见所闻都给他留下了深刻的印象。 3. Whoever comes to our public reference library will be welcome. 什么人到我们公共图书馆来参观都可以。 *When it functions as a formal subject, the subject clause may either precede or follow the principle clause. 4. It doesn’t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not. 他参不参加会议都没多大关系。 5. It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash. 驾驶员在飞机坠毁后，竟然还能活着， 这看来是不可想象的事。 6. It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings. 真奇怪， 她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。 7. It is rumored that the meeting will be held in June. 据传说， 这次会议将在六月举行。 II. Objective Clauses: II. Objective Clauses:Generally speaking, there is no need to change the position of the object clause in translation. However, in some cases, when “it” functions as the formal object of a complex sentence, or sometimes, preceded by a preposition, a change of order is necessary. 1．I understand that he is well qualified, but I feel that he needs more experience. 我知道他完全够条件，但我觉得他需要更多的经验。 2. I take it for granted that you will come and talk the matter over with him. 我理所当然的认为， 你回来跟他谈这件事的。 3. I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting. 我被选参加会议， 感到十分荣幸。 4. We have no definite information yet as to which route he will take. 关于他走那条路线， 我们还没有确切消息。III. Predicative Clauses:III. Predicative Clauses: English predicative clauses, like object clauses, are generally translated without changing their original position. 1. This is where the shoe pinches. 这就是问题的症结所在。 2. Things are not always as they seem to be. 事物并不总是如其表象。 3. His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him. 他对新闻界的看法是， 记者们不是支持他， 就是反对他。IV. Appositive clauses:IV. Appositive clauses: A. Apposition, a state of affairs in grammar in which one simple sentence contains two or more noun phrases that describe the same person or thing and are used in the same way, appears more frequently in English than in Chinese. The following methods are usually used too translate appositive clauses. Keeping to the original order: 1. He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again. 他表示希望能再来中国访问。 2. We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。 3. She had no idea why she thought of him suddenly. 她不明白自己为什么突然想到了他。nullB. Converted into an attributive clause or an independent clause: 1．Yet, from the beginning, the fact that I was alive was ignored. 然而， 从一开始， 我仍活着这个事实却偏偏被忽视了。 2. They were very suspicious of the assumption that he would rather kill himself than surrender. 对于他宁愿自杀也不投降这种假设， 他们是很怀疑的。 3．It doesn’t alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay. 延迟应由他负责， 这个事实是改变不了的。nullC. Using punctuation marks or specific words: Punctuation marks such as colon, dash or such expressions as “这样”, “这种”， “即” etc. , are usually used to introduce appositive clauses. 1．But considering realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good. 但是现实地考虑一下， 我们不得不承认这样一个事实：我们的前景并不妙。 2. And there was the possibility that a small electrical spark might accidentally bypass the most carefully planned circuit. 而且总是有这种可能性---一个小小的点火花， 可能会意外地绕过了最为精心设计的线路。 3. The fact that the gravity of the earth pulls everything towards the center of the earth explains many things. 地球引力把一切东西都吸引向地心这一事实解释了许多现象。 4. Not long ago the scientists made an exciting discovery that this “waste” material could be turned into plastics. 不久前， 科学家们有了一个令人振奋的发现， 即可以把这种废物变为塑料。nullD. Changing the relation between the noun and the appositive clause, the noun being converted into a verb. 1. An order has been given that the researchers who are now in the sky-lab should be sent back. 已下命令将现在在航天实验室里的研究人员送回来。 2. Even the most precisely conducted experiments offer no hope that the result can be obtained without any error. 即使是最精确的实验，也没有希望获得无任何误差的实验结果。 3. However, the writing of chemical symbols in the form of an equation does not give any assurance that the reaction shown will actually occur. 但是将化学符号写成反应式， 并不意味着所表示的反应确实回发生。